Syzygium anisatum
| Syzygium anisatum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| flowers | |
 | |
| leaves | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | Syzygium |
| Species: | S. anisatum |
| Binomial name | |
| Syzygium anisatum (Vickery) Craven & Biffen[1][2] | |
Syzygium anisatum (formerly Backhousia anisata and Anetholea anisata), ringwood or aniseed tree is a rare Australian rainforest tree with an aromatic leaf that has an essential oil profile comparable to true aniseed.
The leaf from cultivated plantations is used as a bushfood spice and distilled for the essential oil, and is known in the trade as aniseed myrtle or anise myrtle.
The ringwood tree has a dense crown and grows up to 45 metres tall. The leaves are 6–12 cm long with prominently undulate margins and rich aniseed aroma when crushed.
Flowers are white and sweetly scented, borne in panicles. The fruit are dry papery capsules around 5 mm long and are white in appearance.
Ringwood's natural distribution in the wild is restricted to the Nambucca and Bellinger Valleys in the subtropics of New South Wales, Australia.[3]
Uses
Used as a flavouring spice and herbal tea ingredient. Although previously known, it was first sold in the early 1990s as a bushfood spice, and in the mid 1990s cultivated in plantations to meet demand.[4][5]
The essential oil of S.anisatum contains anethole and methyl chavicol, imparting licorice and aniseed flavours respectively.
'Aniseed myrtle' is the name originally coined to specifically describe high quality selections of the trans-anethole chemotype (90%+) - generally recognized as safe for flavouring. These selections are propagated from cutting for consistent essential oil quality. The aniseed myrtle selections are also low in methyl chavicol and cis-anethole (less than 0.1%).
Research indicates that aniseed myrtle oil has antimicrobial activity, including on the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.[6]
Myrtle Rust
A significant fungal pathogen, myrtle rust (Uredo rangelii), was detected in aniseed myrtle plantations in January 2011.[7] Myrtle rust severely damages new growth and threatens aniseed myrtle production. Controls are being developed.
References
- ↑ Craven, Lyndley A.; Biffin, E. (April 2005). "Anetholea anisata Transferred to, and Two New Australian Taxa of, Syzygium (Myrtaceae)". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland) 50 (1): 157–162(6). Retrieved 3 Aug 2013.
- ↑ "Syzygium anisatum (Vickery) Craven & Biffin". The Plant List. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
- ↑ PlantNET, NSW Flora Online
- ↑ Australian Native Food Industry Profile, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems
- ↑ Suppliers of cultivated bushfoods, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems
- ↑ Wilkinson, J.M., Cavanagh, H.M.A., "Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Australian native plants", Phytotherapy Research, Volume 19, Issue 7 , pp.643 - 646.
- ↑ Myrtle rust host list, NSW Primary Industries
Floyd, A.G., Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia, ISBN 0-909605-57-2.