T30 Heavy Tank
| Heavy Tank T30 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Heavy tank |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | Trials only |
| Used by | United States of America |
| Production history | |
| Designed | Pilot models started in April 1945 |
| Produced | 1947 |
| Variants | T30E1, T30E2 |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 142,600 lb (64.7 t) |
| Length | 429 in (10.9 m) gun forward |
| Width | 3.80 m (12 ft 6 in) (T30) |
| Height | 3.20 m (10 ft 6 in) |
| Crew | 6 (Commander, Gunner, Driver, Radio Operator, 2 x loader) |
|
| |
| Armor |
Hull 4 in (100 mm) maximum Turret 11 in (280 mm) maximum |
Main armament |
155mm L/40 T7 rifled[1] gun (T30) (34 rounds) 155 mm L/40 T7E1 gun (T30E1) |
Secondary armament |
2x .50 cal (12.7 mm) M2 HB machine gun and .30 cal (7.62 mm) M1919A4 machine gun |
| Engine |
Continental AV1790-3 air-cooled 704 hp (525 kW) net at 2,800 rpm |
| Power/weight | 10 hp/tonne |
| Suspension | torsion-bar |
Operational range | approx 100 miles (160 km) |
| Speed | 22 mph (35 km/h) on roads |
The Heavy Tank T30 was a World War II American tank project developed to counter new German tanks, such as Tiger I, Tiger II, and the Jagdtiger or Soviet heavy tanks, such as IS-1 or IS-2. The T30 was designed at the same time as the T29 Heavy Tank.
Early tanks
Plans for four pilot heavy tanks were put forward in 1944; two T29 with a 105 mm gun and two T30 with a 155 mm gun.[2] The T30 pilot models were started in April 1945 and were delivered in 1947.[3] Apart from modifications to fit the different engine, the chassis was the same as the T29.[4] The 155 mm (6.1 in) gun fired two-piece (shell and charge) ammunition. The loader was assisted by a spring rammer.[5] The T30 was fitted with one of the largest guns ever used on an American tank. The notably high, rounded edge, turret was needed to accommodate the standing loader and large gun mount. Even then the gun could only be loaded at limited elevations. It could carry a mixed assortment of 34 AP (Armored Piercing) or HE (high-explosive) rounds.[6]
Variants
One pilot model -designated T30E1 - had an automatic system added to load the ammunition. This brought the gun breech into position, loaded the round and then returned the gun to the initial angle. An additional hatch at the back of the turret was added for the automatic ejection of the empty shell casings.[7] The weight of the T30 shell was 43 kg (95 lb) and the charge 18 kg (40 lb), a total of 61 kg (134 lb) for the whole round, which made it difficult to handle and gave it a rate of fire of only two rounds per minute when manually loaded.[1] Another variant of the tank was the T30E2.
Tanks today
The surviving examples are in Fort Benning, Georgia. One surviving T30 is at the Detroit Arsenal in Warren, MI. Another T30 is located at Fort Jackson, South Carolina.[8]
References
- Notes
- 1 2 (Hunnicutt 1988, p. 220)
- ↑ (Hunnicutt 1988, p. 70)
- ↑ Pride, P. David (2014). "T30 Heavy Tank at Fort Knox". Retrieved June 2014.
- ↑ (Hunnicut 1988, p. 86)
- ↑ Heavy Tank T30 Archived July 19, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "T30 (Heavy Tank T30) - Heavy Tank (1945)". Military Factory.com. 2014. Retrieved June 2014.
- ↑ (Hunnicutt 1988, p. 91)
- ↑ McKiernan, Danny (July 10, 2009). "Columbia, SC: Fort Jackson - Heavy Tank T-30". flickr.com. Retrieved July 2014.
- Sources
- Hunnicutt, R.P (1988). Firepower: A History of the American Heavy Tank. Presidio. ISBN 0891413049.
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