TH1L

Negative elongation factor complex member C/D
Identifiers
Symbols	NELFCD ; HSPC130; NELF-C; NELF-D; TH1; TH1L
External IDs	OMIM: 605297 MGI: 1926424 HomoloGene: 9496 GeneCards: NELFCD Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding Cellular component • nucleoplasm • membrane • NELF complex Biological process • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter • gene expression • viral process • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of viral transcription Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	51497	57314
Ensembl	ENSG00000101158	ENSMUSG00000016253
UniProt	Q8IXH7	Q922L6
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_016397	NM_020580
RefSeq (protein)	NP_945327	NP_065605
Location (UCSC)	Chr 20: 58.98 – 59 Mb	Chr 2: 174.42 – 174.43 Mb
PubMed search

Negative elongation factor C/D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TH1L gene.^[1][2][3]

Function

The NELF complex of proteins interacts with the DSIF protein complex to repress transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. The protein encoded by this gene is an essential part of the NELF complex. Alternative translation initiation site usage results in the formation of two isoforms with different N-termini.^[3]

Interactions

TH1L has been shown to interact with:

• ARAF,^[4][5]
• Cofactor of BRCA1,^[6][7] and
• RDBP.^[6][7]

References

1. Bonthron DT, Hayward BE, Moran V, Strain L (Aug 2000). "Characterization of TH1 and CTSZ, two non-imprinted genes downstream of GNAS1 in chromosome 20q13". Human Genetics 107 (2): 165–75. doi:10.1007/s004390000344. PMID 11030415.
2. Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, Ren SX, Zhao M, Zhao CJ, Fu G, Shen Y, Fan HY, Lu G, Zhong M, Xu XR, Han ZG, Zhang JW, Tao J, Huang QH, Zhou J, Hu GX, Gu J, Chen SJ, Chen Z (Oct 2000). "Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells". Genome Research 10 (10): 1546–60. doi:10.1101/gr.140200. PMC 310934. PMID 11042152.
3. "Entrez Gene: TH1L TH1-like (Drosophila)".
4. Yuryev A, Wennogle LP (Feb 2003). "Novel raf kinase protein-protein interactions found by an exhaustive yeast two-hybrid analysis". Genomics 81 (2): 112–25. PMID 12620389.
5. Yin XL, Chen S, Gu JX (Feb 2002). "Identification of TH1 as an interaction partner of A-Raf kinase". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 231 (1-2): 69–74. PMID 11952167.
6. Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D. "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology 3: 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.
7. Narita T, Yamaguchi Y, Yano K, Sugimoto S, Chanarat S, Wada T, Kim DK, Hasegawa J, Omori M, Inukai N, Endoh M, Yamada T, Handa H (Mar 2003). "Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology 23 (6): 1863–73. PMC 149481. PMID 12612062.

Further reading

• Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J (Sep 2006). "The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention". Medicinal Research Reviews 26 (5): 595–625. doi:10.1002/med.20081. PMID 16838299.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (Sep 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Yamaguchi Y, Takagi T, Wada T, Yano K, Furuya A, Sugimoto S, Hasegawa J, Handa H (Apr 1999). "NELF, a multisubunit complex containing RD, cooperates with DSIF to repress RNA polymerase II elongation". Cell 97 (1): 41–51. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80713-8. PMID 10199401.
• Ping YH, Rana TM (Apr 2001). "DSIF and NELF interact with RNA polymerase II elongation complex and HIV-1 Tat stimulates P-TEFb-mediated phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and DSIF during transcription elongation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (16): 12951–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006130200. PMID 11112772.
• Yin XL, Chen S, Gu JX (Feb 2002). "Identification of TH1 as an interaction partner of A-Raf kinase". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 231 (1-2): 69–74. doi:10.1023/A:1014437024129. PMID 11952167.
• Narita T, Yamaguchi Y, Yano K, Sugimoto S, Chanarat S, Wada T, Kim DK, Hasegawa J, Omori M, Inukai N, Endoh M, Yamada T, Handa H (Mar 2003). "Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology 23 (6): 1863–73. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.6.1863-1873.2003. PMC 149481. PMID 12612062.
• Yuryev A, Wennogle LP (Feb 2003). "Novel raf kinase protein-protein interactions found by an exhaustive yeast two-hybrid analysis". Genomics 81 (2): 112–25. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(02)00008-3. PMID 12620389.
• Liu W, Shen X, Yang Y, Yin X, Xie J, Yan J, Jiang J, Liu W, Wang H, Sun M, Zheng Y, Gu J (Mar 2004). "Trihydrophobin 1 is a new negative regulator of A-Raf kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (11): 10167–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307994200. PMID 14684750.
• Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, Mougin C, Groizeleau C, Hamburger A, Meil A, Wojcik J, Legrain P, Gauthier JM (Jul 2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Research 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMC 442148. PMID 15231748.
• Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE (Sep 2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. PMID 16169070.
• Yang Y, Liu W, Zou W, Wang H, Zong H, Jiang J, Wang Y, Gu J (May 2007). "Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) by the human papilloma virus E6-associated protein (E6-AP)". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 101 (1): 167–80. doi:10.1002/jcb.21164. PMID 17131388.