ARAF

A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase
PDB rendering based on 1wxm.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1WXM​, 2MSE​
Identifiers
Symbols	ARAF ; A-RAF; ARAF1; PKS2; RAFA1
External IDs	OMIM: 311010 MGI: 88065 HomoloGene: 1249 ChEMBL: 1169596 GeneCards: ARAF Gene
EC number	2.7.11.1
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein kinase activity • protein serine/threonine kinase activity • receptor signaling protein activity • protein binding • ATP binding • metal ion binding Cellular component • cellular_component • intracellular Biological process • cellular protein modification process • protein phosphorylation • regulation of TOR signaling • regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation • intracellular signal transduction • negative regulation of apoptotic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	369	11836
Ensembl	ENSG00000078061	ENSMUSG00000001127
UniProt	P10398	P04627
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001256196	NM_001159645
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001243125	NP_001153117
Location (UCSC)	Chr X: 47.56 – 47.57 Mb	Chr X: 20.8 – 20.86 Mb
PubMed search

Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf or simply A-Raf is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARAF gene.^[1] A-Raf is a member of the Raf kinase family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases.^[2]

Interactions

ARAF has been shown to interact with:

• EFEMP1,^[3]
• MAP2K2,^[4]
• PRPF6,^[3][5]
• RRAS,^[3][5]
• TIMM44,^[3][5] and
• TH1L.^[3][6]

References

1. "Entrez Gene: ARAF V-raf murine sarcoma 3611 viral oncogene homolog".
2. Mark GE, Seeley TW, Shows TB, Mountz JD (September 1986). "Pks, a raf-related sequence in humans". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (17): 6312–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.17.6312. PMC 386493. PMID 3529082.
3. Yuryev A, Wennogle LP (February 2003). "Novel raf kinase protein-protein interactions found by an exhaustive yeast two-hybrid analysis". Genomics 81 (2): 112–25. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(02)00008-3. PMID 12620389.
4. Yin XL, Chen S, Yan J, Hu Y, Gu JX (February 2002). "Identification of interaction between MEK2 and A-Raf-1". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1589 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00188-4. PMID 11909642.
5. Yuryev A, Ono M, Goff SA, Macaluso F, Wennogle LP (July 2000). "Isoform-Specific Localization of A-RAF in Mitochondria". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (13): 4870–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.13.4870-4878.2000. PMC 85938. PMID 10848612.
6. Yin XL, Chen S, Gu JX (February 2002). "Identification of TH1 as an interaction partner of A-Raf kinase". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 231 (1–2): 69–74. doi:10.1023/A:1014437024129. PMID 11952167.

Further reading

• Belanger BF, Williams WJ, Yin TC (1976). "A flexible renewal process simulator for neural spike trains". IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 23 (3): 262–6. doi:10.1109/TBME.1976.324641. PMID 1262038.
• Popescu NC, Mark GE (1989). "Localization of the pKs gene, a raf related sequence on human chromosomes X and 7". Oncogene 4 (4): 517–9. PMID 2717185.
• Beck TW, Huleihel M, Gunnell M, Bonner TI, Rapp UR (1987). "The complete coding sequence of the human A-raf-1 oncogene and transforming activity of a human A-raf carrying retrovirus". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (2): 595–609. doi:10.1093/nar/15.2.595. PMC 340454. PMID 3029685.
• Papin C, Eychène A, Brunet A, Pagès G, Pouysségur J, Calothy G, Barnier JV (1995). "B-Raf protein isoforms interact with and phosphorylate Mek-1 on serine residues 218 and 222". Oncogene 10 (8): 1647–51. PMID 7731720.
• Lee JE, Beck TW, Brennscheidt U, DeGennaro LJ, Rapp UR (1994). "The complete sequence and promoter activity of the human A-raf-1 gene (ARAF1)". Genomics 20 (1): 43–55. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1125. PMID 8020955.
• Alessi DR, Saito Y, Campbell DG, Cohen P, Sithanandam G, Rapp U, Ashworth A, Marshall CJ, Cowley S (1994). "Identification of the sites in MAP kinase kinase-1 phosphorylated by p74raf-1". EMBO J. 13 (7): 1610–9. PMC 394991. PMID 8157000.
• Gardner AM, Vaillancourt RR, Johnson GL (1993). "Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase by G protein and tyrosine kinase oncoproteins". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (24): 17896–901. PMID 8394352.
• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
• Wu X, Noh SJ, Zhou G, Dixon JE, Guan KL (1996). "Selective activation of MEK1 but not MEK2 by A-Raf from epidermal growth factor-stimulated Hela cells". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (6): 3265–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.6.3265. PMID 8621729.
• Boldyreff B, Issinger OG (1997). "A-Raf kinase is a new interacting partner of protein kinase CK2 beta subunit". FEBS Lett. 403 (2): 197–9. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00010-0. PMID 9042965.
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA (1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
• Yuryev A, Ono M, Goff SA, Macaluso F, Wennogle LP (2000). "Isoform-specific localization of A-RAF in mitochondria". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (13): 4870–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.13.4870-4878.2000. PMC 85938. PMID 10848612.
• King TR, Fang Y, Mahon ES, Anderson DH (2000). "Using a phage display library to identify basic residues in A-Raf required to mediate binding to the Src homology 2 domains of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (46): 36450–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004720200. PMID 10967104.
• Fang Y, Johnson LM, Mahon ES, Anderson DH (2002). "Two phosphorylation-independent sites on the p85 SH2 domains bind A-Raf kinase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 290 (4): 1267–74. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6347. PMID 11812000.
• Yin XL, Chen S, Yan J, Hu Y, Gu JX (2002). "Identification of interaction between MEK2 and A-Raf-1". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1589 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00188-4. PMID 11909642.
• Yin XL, Chen S, Gu JX (2002). "Identification of TH1 as an interaction partner of A-Raf kinase". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 231 (1-2): 69–74. doi:10.1023/A:1014437024129. PMID 11952167.
• Yuryev A, Wennogle LP (2003). "Novel raf kinase protein-protein interactions found by an exhaustive yeast two-hybrid analysis". Genomics 81 (2): 112–25. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(02)00008-3. PMID 12620389.
• Liu W, Shen X, Yang Y, Yin X, Xie J, Yan J, Jiang J, Liu W, Wang H, Sun M, Zheng Y, Gu J (2004). "Trihydrophobin 1 is a new negative regulator of A-Raf kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (11): 10167–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307994200. PMID 14684750.