PRKAG3

Protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catalytic subunit

Identifiers

PRKAG3 ; AMPKG3

External IDs

OMIM: 604976 MGI: 1891343 HomoloGene: 23006 IUPHAR: 1547 GeneCards: PRKAG3 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• AMP-activated protein kinase activity • ATP binding • protein kinase binding
Cellular component	• extracellular space • cytosol • AMP-activated protein kinase complex
Biological process	• glycogen biosynthetic process • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter • protein phosphorylation • fatty acid biosynthetic process • organelle organization • mitochondrion organization • cell cycle arrest • insulin receptor signaling pathway • gene expression • glucose transport • intracellular signal transduction • membrane organization
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 2:
218.82 – 218.83 Mb

Chr 1:
74.74 – 74.75 Mb

PubMed search

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAG3 gene.^[1]^[2]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. This subunit is one of the gamma regulatory subunits of AMPK. It is dominantly expressed in skeletal muscle. Studies of the pig counterpart suggest that this subunit may play a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle.^[2]

References

↑ Milan D, Jeon JT, Looft C, Amarger V, Robic A, Thelander M, Rogel-Gaillard C, Paul S, Iannuccelli N, Rask L, Ronne H, Lundström K, Reinsch N, Gellin J, Kalm E, Roy PL, Chardon P, Andersson L (May 2000). "A mutation in PRKAG3 associated with excess glycogen content in pig skeletal muscle". Science 288 (5469): 1248–51. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1248. PMID 10818001.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: PRKAG3 protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catalytic subunit".

Woods A, Cheung PC, Smith FC, Davison MD, Scott J, Beri RK, Carling D (1996). "Characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase beta and gamma subunits. Assembly of the heterotrimeric complex in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (17): 10282–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.48.30517. PMID 8626596.
Cheung PC, Salt IP, Davies SP, Hardie DG, Carling D (2000). "Characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase gamma-subunit isoforms and their role in AMP binding". Biochem. J. 346 Pt 3 (3): 659–69. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3460659. PMC 1220898. PMID 10698692.
Nielsen JN, Mustard KJ, Graham DA, Yu H, MacDonald CS, Pilegaard H, Goodyear LJ, Hardie DG, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JF (2003). "5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activity and subunit expression in exercise-trained human skeletal muscle". J. Appl. Physiol. 94 (2): 631–41. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00642.2002 (inactive 2015-01-01). PMID 12391032.
Jeon JT, Park EW, Jeon HJ, Kim TH, Lee KT, Cheong IC (2004). "A large-insert porcine library with sevenfold genome coverage: a tool for positional cloning of candidate genes for major quantitative traits". Mol. Cells 16 (1): 113–6. PMID 14503854.
Mahlapuu M, Johansson C, Lindgren K, Hjälm G, Barnes BR, Krook A, Zierath JR, Andersson L, Marklund S (2004). "Expression profiling of the gamma-subunit isoforms of AMP-activated protein kinase suggests a major role for gamma3 in white skeletal muscle". Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286 (2): E194–200. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00147.2003. PMID 14559719.
Amarger V, Erlandsson R, Pielberg G, Jeon JT, Andersson L (2003). "Comparative sequence analysis of the PRKAG3 region between human and pig: evolution of repetitive sequences and potential new exons". Cytogenet. Genome Res. 102 (1–4): 163–72. doi:10.1159/000075743. PMID 14970697.
Park HB, Marklund S, Jeon JT, Mickelson JR, Valberg SJ, Sandberg K, Andersson L (2003). "Molecular characterization and mutational screening of the PRKAG3 gene in the horse". Cytogenet. Genome Res. 102 (1–4): 211–16. doi:10.1159/000075751. PMID 14970705.
Barnes BR, Long YC, Steiler TL, Leng Y, Galuska D, Wojtaszewski JF, Andersson L, Zierath JR (2006). "Changes in exercise-induced gene expression in 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase gamma3-null and gamma3 R225Q transgenic mice". Diabetes 54 (12): 3484–9. doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.12.3484. PMID 16306365.
Lindgren K, Ormestad M, Persson M, Martinsson S, Svensson LT, Mahlapuu M (2007). "Regulation of the muscle-specific AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2beta2gamma3 complexes by AMP and implications of the mutations in the gamma3-subunit for the AMP dependence of the enzyme". FEBS J. 274 (11): 2887–96. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05821.x. PMID 17518971.

Kinases: Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11-12)

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)

Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)	LATS1 LATS2 MAST1 MAST2 STK38 STK38L CIT ROCK1 SGK SGK2 SGK3 Protein kinase B AKT1 AKT2 AKT3 Ataxia telangiectasia mutated Mammalian target of rapamycin EIF-2 kinases PKR HRI EIF2AK3 EIF2AK4 Wee1 WEE1

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (EC 2.7.11.2)	PDK1 PDK2 PDK3

Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3)	AMP-activated protein kinase α PRKAA1 PRKAA2 β PRKAB1 PRKAB2 γ PRKAG1 PRKAG2 PRKAG3

(3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)) (EC 2.7.11.4)	BCKDK BCKDHA BCKDHB

(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase (EC 2.7.11.5)	IDH2 IDH3A IDH3B IDH3G

(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.6)	STK4

Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7)	Aurora kinase Aurora A kinase Aurora B kinase

Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.8)	FASTK STK10

Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.9)	-

IκB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10)	CHUK IKK2 TBK1 IKBKE IKBKG IKBKAP

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11)	Protein kinase A PRKACG PRKACB PRKACA PRKY

cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12)	Protein kinase G PRKG1

Protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)	Protein kinase C Protein kinase Cζ PKC alpha PRKCB1 PRKCD PRKCE PRKCH PRKCG PRKCI PRKCQ Protein kinase N1 PKN2 PKN3

Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14)	Rhodopsin kinase

Beta adrenergic receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.15)	Beta adrenergic receptor kinase Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2

G-protein coupled receptor kinases (EC 2.7.11.16)	GRK4 GRK5 GRK6

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (EC 2.7.11.17)	BRSK2 CAMK1 CAMK2A CAMK2B CAMK2D CAMK2G CAMK4 MLCK CASK CHEK1 CHEK2 DAPK1 DAPK2 DAPK3 STK11 MAPKAPK2 MAPKAPK3 MAPKAPK5 MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 MARK4 MELK MKNK1 MKNK2 NUAK1 NUAK2 OBSCN PASK PHKG1 PHKG2 PIM1 PIM2 PKD1 PRKD2 PRKD3 PSKH1 SNF1LK2 KIAA0999 STK40 SNF1LK SNRK SPEG TSSK2 Kalirin TRIB1 TRIB2 TRIB3 TRIO Titin DCLK1

Myosin light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18)	MYLK MYLK2 MYLK3 MYLK4

Phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.11.19)	PHKA1 PHKA2 PHKB PHKG1 PHKG2

Elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20)	EEF2K STK19

Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1 PLK2 PLK3 PLK4

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)

Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1 PLK2 PLK3 PLK4

Cyclin-dependent kinase (EC 2.7.11.22)	CDK1 CDK2 CDKL2 CDK3 CDK4 CDK5 CDKL5 CDK6 CDK7 CDK8 CDK9 CDK10 CDK12 CDC2L5 PCTK1 PCTK2 PCTK3 PFTK1 CDC2L1

(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase (EC 2.7.11.23)	RPS6KA5 RPS6KA4 P70S6 kinase P70-S6 Kinase 1 RPS6KB2 RPS6KA2 RPS6KA3 RPS6KA1 RPS6KC1

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24)	Extracellular signal-regulated MAPK1 MAPK3 MAPK4 MAPK6 MAPK7 MAPK12 MAPK15 C-Jun N-terminal MAPK8 MAPK9 MAPK10 P38 mitogen-activated protein MAPK11 MAPK13 MAPK14

MAP3K (EC 2.7.11.25)	MAP kinase kinase kinases MAP3K1 MAP3K2 MAP3K3 MAP3K4 MAP3K5 MAP3K6 MAP3K7 MAP3K8 RAFs ARAF BRAF KSR1 KSR2 MLKs MAP3K12 MAP3K13 MAP3K9 MAP3K10 MAP3K11 MAP3K7 ZAK CDC7 MAP3K14

Tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26)	TPK1 TTK GSK-3

(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27)	-

Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28)	-

Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29)	-

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30)	Bone morphogenetic protein receptors BMPR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B BMPR2 ACVR1 ACVR1B ACVR1C ACVR2A ACVR2B ACVRL1 Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor

Dual-specificity kinases (EC 2.7.12)

MAP2K	MAP2K1 MAP2K2 MAP2K3 MAP2K4 MAP2K5 MAP2K6 MAP2K7

Proteins: enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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PRKAG3

Function

References

Further reading