MAPK15

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15
Identifiers
Symbols MAPK15 ; ERK7; ERK8
External IDs MGI: 2652894 HomoloGene: 16371 ChEMBL: 5198 GeneCards: MAPK15 Gene
EC number 2.7.11.24
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 225689 332110
Ensembl ENSG00000181085 ENSMUSG00000063704
UniProt Q8TD08 Q80Y86
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_139021 NM_177922
RefSeq (protein) NP_620590 NP_808590
Location (UCSC) Chr 8:
143.72 – 143.72 Mb		 Chr 15:
75.99 – 76 Mb
PubMed search

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15, also known as MAPK15, ERK7, or ERK8, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK15 gene.[1][2]

Evolutionarily, MAPK15 is conserved in a number of species, including P. troglodytes, B. taurus, M. musculus, R. norvegicus, D. rerio, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, and X. laevis.[2]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase family. MAP kinases are also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and are involved in signaling cascades that regulate a number of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and transcriptional regulation. MAPK15 is often referred to as ERK7 or ERK8, and the latter two share 69% amino acid sequence similarity; at least one study has suggested that the two are, in fact, distinct proteins.

In vertebrate models, ERK8 is not constitutively active, and exhibits relatively low basal kinase activity.[3] It contains two SH3 (SRC homology 3) binding motifs in its C-terminal region, and is likely activated by an SRC-dependent signaling pathway.[1] SRC is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (and proto-oncogene) that has been implicated in cancer growth and progression in humans when it is overexpressed. The exact function of MAPK15 is unknown, though a number of studies have implicated the enzyme in various cellular pathways.

Specifically, MAPK15 expression is significantly reduced in human lung and breast carcinomas, and MAPK15 down-regulation is correlated with increased cell motility.[3] MAPK15 has also been found to negatively regulate protein O-glycosylation with acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc), a process in which a sugar molecule is covalently attached to an oxygen atom on an amino acid residue.[3] Mammalian MAPK15 is a putative regulator of the cellular localization and transcriptional activity of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRa), as well as an inhibitor of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) degradation.[4][5] PCNA is critical for DNA replication, and is an essential factor in protecting genome stability. MAPK15 has also been shown to regulate ciliogenesis in X. laevis (African clawed frog) embryos by phosphorylating an actin regulator called CapZIP.[6]

Interactions

MAPK15 has been demonstrated to interact with gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A (MAP1LC3A, or LC3) in a process that stimulates autophagy.[7] A number of additional proteins also interact with MAPK15, including cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (MAPK12), and lactotransferrin (LTF), among many others.[2]

Clinical significance

Due to its role in protecting genomic integrity and cell motility, MAPK15 has been identified as a potential target for cancer therapeutics.[8] Additionally, given the putative role that MAPK15 plays in the regulation of ciliogenesis, it may be an ideal target for diseases related to human ciliary defects (often called ciliopathies).

References

  1. 1 2 Abe MK, Saelzler MP, Espinosa R, Kahle KT, Hershenson MB, Le Beau MM, Rosner MR (May 2002). "ERK8, a new member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (19): 16733–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112483200. PMID 11875070.
  2. 1 2 3 "Entrez Gene: MAPK15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 15".
  3. 1 2 3 Chia J, Tham KM, Gill DJ, Bard-Chapeau EA, Bard FA (2014). "ERK8 is a negative regulator of O-GalNAc glycosylation and cell migration". eLife 3: e01828. doi:10.7554/eLife.01828. PMID 24618899.
  4. ↑ Rossi M, Colecchia D, Iavarone C, Strambi A, Piccioni F, Verrotti di Pianella A, Chiariello M (Mar 2011). "Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 8 (ERK8) controls estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) cellular localization and inhibits its transcriptional activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 286 (10): 8507–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.179523. PMID 21190936.
  5. ↑ Groehler AL, Lannigan DA (Aug 2010). "A chromatin-bound kinase, ERK8, protects genomic integrity by inhibiting HDM2-mediated degradation of the DNA clamp PCNA". The Journal of Cell Biology 190 (4): 575–86. doi:10.1083/jcb.201002124. PMID 20733054.
  6. ↑ Miyatake K, Kusakabe M, Takahashi C, Nishida E. "ERK7 regulates ciliogenesis by phosphorylating the actin regulator CapZIP in cooperation with Dishevelled". Nature Communications 6: 6666. doi:10.1038/ncomms7666. PMID 25823377.
  7. ↑ Colecchia D, Strambi A, Sanzone S, Iavarone C, Rossi M, Dall'Armi C, Piccioni F, Verrotti di Pianella A, Chiariello M (Dec 2012). "MAPK15/ERK8 stimulates autophagy by interacting with LC3 and GABARAP proteins". Autophagy 8 (12): 1724–40. doi:10.4161/auto.21857. PMID 22948227.
  8. ↑ Strambi A, Mori M, Rossi M, Colecchia D, Manetti F, Carlomagno F, Botta M, Chiariello M. "Structure prediction and validation of the ERK8 kinase domain". PLOS ONE 8 (1): e52011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052011. PMID 23326322.

Further reading

External links

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