Abdul Taib Mahmud

This is a Malay name; the name Mahmud is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Abdul Taib.
Tuan Yang Terutama Tun Pehin Sri
Abdul Taib Mahmud
SMN SBS DP PSM PGDK KTWE KEPN SPMB KOU AO

Abdul Taib Mahmud in 2005
7th Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak
Assumed office
1 March 2014
Chief Minister
Preceded by Abang Muhammad Salahuddin Abang Barieng
4th Chief Minister of Sarawak
In office
26 March 1981 – 28 February 2014
Governor
Deputy
Preceded by Abdul Rahman Ya'kub
Succeeded by Adenan Satem
2nd and 4th President of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
In office
26 March 1981 – 28 February 2014
BN chairman
Preceded by Abdul Rahman Ya'kub
Succeeded by Adenan Satem
In office
October 1975 – 1977
Preceded by Jugah Anak Barieng
Succeeded by Abdul Rahman Ya'kub
Member of the Malaysian Parliament
for Kota Samarahan
In office
1970 – 13 February 2008
Succeeded by Sulaiman Abdul Rahman Taib
Member of the Sarawak State Assembly
for Balingian
In office
2001 – 28 February 2014
Preceded by Abdul Ajis Abdul Majeed
Succeeded by Yussibnosh Balo
Majority 5154 (2011)
Member of the Sarawak State Assembly
for Asajaya
In office
1987–2001
Preceded by New constituency
Succeeded by Abdul Karim Rahman Hamzah
Member of the Sarawak State Assembly
for Sebandi
In office
1981–1987
Succeeded by Constituency abolished
Personal details
Born Abdul Taib bin Mahmud
(1936-05-21) 21 May 1936
Miri, Kingdom of Sarawak
Citizenship Malaysian
Political party Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (1963-1968)
Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (1968-1973)
Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (1973–2014)
Spouse(s) Laila Taib (1959–2009, her death)
Ragad Waleed Alkurdi Taib (2010–)
Children Jamilah Hamidah Taib
Mahmud Abu Bekir Taib
Sulaiman Abdul Rahman Taib
Hanifah Hajar Taib
Residence 1°34′39″N 110°22′36″E / 1.57750°N 110.37667°E / 1.57750; 110.37667 Demak Jaya, Jalan Bako, Kuching, Sarawak
Alma mater University of Adelaide
Religion Sunni Islam

Tun Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib bin Mahmud (born 21 May 1936) is the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak, in office since 2014. Previously he was Chief Minister of Sarawak from 1981 to 2014.[2] Taib was also the President of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB), which is part of the Barisan Nasional coalition. He is of ethnic Melanau descent.

Taib is informally known as Pak Uban, which translates into "white-haired uncle". Among Chinese speaking communities he is known as Pek Moh (白毛) which means "white hair".[3][4] Another informal name for him, in reference to the British Brooke family that ruled Sarawak as White Rajahs in the 19th and early 20th century, is the "last white rajah" or "white-haired rajah".[5] Holding the post of Chief Minister of Sarawak from 1981 to 2014, he was the longest serving Chief Minister in Malaysia. He assumed the Chief Minister post at the age of 45.[6][7] Being a member of the Malaysian Parliament for 38 years, Taib is also the second longest-serving parliamentarian in Malaysia after Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah.[8][9] Taib and his wider family are regularly accused of corruption and personally benefiting from Sarawak's natural and economic resources.[10]

On 12 February 2014, Taib handed over his resignation letter to the Governor of Sarawak to vacate his chief minister post, officially ending his 33 years of chief ministership. His former brother-in-law, Adenan Satem, succeeded him as Chief Minister with effect from 1 March 2014.[11] At the same time, he received the official credentials as the 7th Sarawak Head of State from the Yang di-Pertuan Agong at Istana Negara on 28 February,[12] and officially took the oath of office on the following day. He became the second Sarawakian (after his uncle, Abdul Rahman Ya'kub) to be appointed as the Governor after formally relinquishing the post of Chief Minister.

Family

Taib Mahmud and his Syrian wife in 2011

Taib wed 18-year-old Laila Taib, a Polish Muslim, at South Australia's Adelaide mosque on 13 January 1959.[13]

Taib's son Sulaiman Abdul Rahman is married to Anisa, who is the daughter of Deputy Chief Minister of Sarawak Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Dr George Chan Hong Nam.[14]

His daughter, Jamilah Taib and husband Sean Murray are involved in property development in Ottawa, Canada.[15]

Taib's mother Hajah Hamidah Yakub died in Normah Specialist Medical Centre when Taib Mahmud was hospitalised in Singapore and underwent surgery to remove a suspected cancerous lump in his colon on 11 January 2006.[16]

On 29 April 2009, Taib's wife Laila died of cancer. She was buried at the Demak Jaya cemetery in Kuching the following day.[17]

On 3 June 2009, Taib's four-year-old granddaughter Celestia Lulua Mahmud Abu Bekir died two days after slipping into the swimming pool at her home at Duta Nusantara Condominium in Kuala Lumpur. Celestia was admitted to the intensive care unit of the Kuala Lumpur Hospital after the accident. She was buried at the Bukit Kiara Muslim Cemetery.[18]

On 18 December 2010, he reportedly married for the second time to a Syrian woman in her early 30s; however the wedding ceremony was held in private, attended only by his family members and 200 invited guests.[19][20] On 8 January 2011, he was seen together with his new wife Puan Sri Ragad Waleed Alkurdi attending a wedding reception of a former MP in Kuala Lumpur. Both held a wedding reception sometime in the middle of January,and the reception were held at the New Sarawak State Legislative Building Complex.[21]

Early life and education

Taib Mahmud was born on 21 May 1936 at Kampung Sungei Merbau, Miri, Sarawak. He is the eldest child of Mahmud bin Haji Abang Yahya (father) and Hajjah Hamidah binti Yakub (mother). Taib has nine siblings namely Ibrahim, Onn, Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Arip, Mohammad Tufail, Aisah Zainab, Roziah, Faridah Hanon, and Zaleha. Taib's father was a descendent of Pehin Datu Yahya Setia Raja, where the latter was an aristocrat that was linked to the Royal Court of Brunei. However, Taib had an impoverished life because his father worked as a carpenter for Shell Oil Company.[22][23] Taib's uncle, Abdul Rahman Ya'kub raised Taib since he was a boy.[24]

Taib was five years old when the Japanese army landed in Miri in 1941. Taib's father, considering his family's safety from Japanese occupation, decided to move his family to his ancestral village in Mukah. After the war ended, the family returned to Miri.[13][23] Taib undertook his early schooling at Andi Malay School and later St Joseph's Primary School in Miri. Taib later won a Shell scholarship to study at St. Joseph's Secondary School in Kuching with the help of his uncle, Abdul Rahman who was also a Probationary Native Officer in Miri.[23] There, Taib met George Chan Hong Nam who would later become the deputy chief minister of Sarawak and Bujang bin Mohammed Nor who would later become Sarawak state secretary under the Taib's chieftainship.[13]

After school, Taib Mahmud planned to become a doctor[13] but he was persuaded by Abdul Rahman to take up law.[25] According to Taib:

I was obliged to study law because of family pressures and expectations. I preferred medicine because I felt Sarawak dearly needed doctors. I was maneuvered toward law by my uncle. When I entered politics in 1963, I told myself that I would give Parti Bumiputera five years of my life.[23]
— Abdul Taib Mahmud, as reported by Douglas Bullis in 1996.

In 1958, his excellent performance in the Higher School Certificate (HSC) examination earned him a Colombo Plan scholarship,[26] allowing Taib to further his studies at the University of Adelaide in South Australia. He graduated with Bachelor of Laws from the university in 1960. After graduation, he was appointed as an associate to Justice Sir Herbert Mayo of South Australia.[23] After the demise of his father, Taib took up the responsibility to look after his siblings and to discipline his siblings in studies and in looking after the household.[13] Taib Mahmud pursued his postgraduate studies at Harvard International Summer Course in 1964.[27]

Hobbies and interests

In Taib's early days of studying in Australia, he was fond of wearing a designer suit, a hat, and a smoking pipe instead of baju melayu and songkok (traditional Malay attire). Taib later had to tone his western image down to a traditional one in order to keep in touch with his people. Taib also developed an interest in Malay literature and pantuns (Malay poetry). He was also known for being a loyal fan to P. Ramlee, a famous Malaysian singer, actor, and a director.[13] Taib would occasionally sing a number of P. Ramlee songs in official functions. He would later become a patron of P. Ramlee singing contest in Kuching, Sarawak. Taib also played a major role in Bangsawan, a traditional Malay opera.[23] Taib Mahmud has written and published several Islamic books and other works including "Muhammad and His Mission, Islam and Utility of Mankind", "Freedom of Thought of Islam", and "Appropriate Strategy for Developing Countries in a Period of Resource Scarcity".[28]

Early political career

On returning to Sarawak, Taib worked in the Crown Council from 1962 to 1963. He was then persuaded by his uncle to take part in the formation of Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA) party. Taib resigned from Crown Council and assumed the post of vice-chairman of BARJASA in 1963. In the 1963 local council elections, Taib's BARJASA party won only 44 out of 429 seats. Taib's uncle was defeated in the election. Sarawak National Party (SNAP) became a majority party with Stephen Kalong Ningkan as the state's first chief minister.[23] However, Taib was able to join the Council Negri of Sarawak (now Sarawak State Legislative Assembly) on 22 July 1963, where he was appointed state minister for Communication and Works from 1963 to 1966 although Taib did not contest in the election. In Taib's own words, he said that:

I never aimed to become a minister. I didn't even stand for election although I had helped BARJASA by speaking at party conventions about the importance of democracy. I felt that I did not have sufficient experience or outlook to decide weighty matters of the state. However, since at that time there were few people available with the degree and kind of education I had, I decided to give those five years of my life. Curiously enough, when I returned from Australia to Sarawak as a lawyer, I dreamed of becoming a judge one day. Now I am glad I didn't. My temperament wasn't right for it.[23]
— Abdul Taib Mahmud, as reported by Douglas Bullis in 1996.

1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis

Although Taib was a minister in the Sarawak cabinet with a superior education background, he was frustrated when his BARJASA party was consulted last after expatriate, SNAP party, and Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA) were consulted in a cabinet decision making. Taib's anger towards Ningkan's leadership intensified in 1965 when Ningkan decided to pass a land bill which would allow Chinese to purchase native land. BARJASA party later formed an alliance with Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS), and Parti Pesaka Sarawak (PESAKA) in order to challenge Ningkan. Taib and another BARJASA leader Awang Hipni was expelled from Sarawak cabinet by Ningkan. In June 1966, Taib and his BARJASA partner was re-accepted into the cabinet in order to end the ruling coalition crisis. However, the crisis between SNAP and BARJASA worsened into a constitutional crisis and Ningkan was removed as chief minister in 1966.[23]

Appointment to minister in federal cabinet

Taib later became Minister of Development and Forestry in 1967 under the leadership of new Sarawak chief minister Tawi Sli.[13] On several occasions, Taib acted as Chief Minister. Taib later fall out with Tawi Sli. Taib decided to shift his focus onto the Malaysian federal cabinet.[23] Taib was appointed Federal Assistant Minister for Commerce and Industry from 1968 until 1970.[29] He represented Parti Bumiputera Sarawak, which was a component party of Sarawak Alliance, in Malaysian general election, 1969.[30] During the 1970 parliamentary election for Sarawak, he was elected as the member of Malaysian parliament for Kota Samarahan seat.[31] He was later appointed to numerous portfolios including Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (1970–1972) and Natural Resources Minister (1972–1974).[29] In 1973, Taib was appointed deputy president of the newly formed PBB before subsequently becoming the president of the party.[28] Abdul Rahman Ya'kub was Taib's political mentor for 20 years.[24] In 1980, Taib was appointed as federal territory minister which would be the Taib's last porfolio before he returned to Sarawak. During this time, Taib was able to develop a good relationship with Mahathir Mohammad, who would later become Malaysian fourth prime minister. Taib stepped down from federal cabinet post on 9 March 1981.[23]

Appointment as Chief Minister

In order to let Taib to become an elected representative in Sarawak state assembly, a PBB assembly woman vacated the Sebandi (now Asajaya) seat and a by-election was held in March 1981. Taib won the seat unopposed. He was later appointed as Sarawak's Land and Mines Minister. On 26 March 1981, Taib's uncle, Abdul Rahman, who was the chief minister of Sarawak at that time, announced his retirement from politics by vacating his state constituency of Paloh and PBB presidency. However, the Malaysian federal government favoured the appointment of Sulaiman Daud as the next chief minister because Taib was away from Sarawak for 13 years. Abdul Rahman was able to convince the federal leaders to appoint Taib as chief minister because Daud was much more junior than Taib. Taib retained entire cabinet line-up of his uncle except for Celestine Ujang who would vacate his ministerial post to become speaker in the Sarawak state assembly. Daud would later fill the federal ministerial post left vacant by Taib.[23]

Taib held the Sebandi seat until 1987, when he was elected as state assemblyman for the Asajaya constituency. In 2001 state election, he decided to contest in Balingian. Taib served in many public and voluntary bodies and represented the government at various international conferences.[28]

1987 Ming Court Affair

Dissatisfaction with the Taib leadership arose when a group of PBB politicians claimed that the interests of Bumiputeras were being neglected. The group claimed Taib Mahmud had exclusively favoured the Chinese and Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP).[32] The Dayaks in the Sarawak Dayak People's Party (PBDS) were quite frustrated because the Chief Minister post has not been in their hands for 17 years. However, the main factor for upheaval in PBDS was the suspicion of Chief Minister Taib towards Leo Moggie, the PBDS president.[33] According to a doctoral dissertation written by David Walter Brown, fissures between the factions controlled by Taib and his uncle, Tun Abdul Rahman Ya'kub gradually developed after Rahman Ya'kub stepped down as Chief Minister. In 1985, Rahman Ya'kub was also removed from the office of governor by Taib himself. This caused Rahman Ya'kub to launch a series of attacks against Taib in 1987, widely known as the Ming Court Affair.[34]

Rahman Ya'kub headed a group of disappointed Sarawak politicians from Sarawak National Party (SNAP) and PBDS to gather in Ming Court Hotel in Kuala Lumpur to move a motion of no confidence against Taib's leadership by signing letters collectively. Daniel Tajem, a former deputy chief minister and Leo Moggie were the other main plotters of this affair. Seeing such a political crisis, Taib immediately called for a snap state election in 1987, which he narrowly won.[35] His coalition won 28 out of 48 seats in the state assembly and later received another 8 defected assemblymen from PBDS, decreasing the original seats for PBDS from 15 to 7.[24][36] PBDS remained in the opposition until it was readmitted into Sarawak BN in 1994. The internal bickering of SNAP and PBDS has benefited the rule of Taib in the years to come.[35]

Development policy

Taib Mahmud (3rd from left) during International Energy Week at Borneo Convention Centre Kuching; together with Torstein Dale Sjøtveit, CEO of Sarawak Energy Berhad (left most)

Eco-tourism forms a major part of the economy of Sarawak. Taib's administration with the help of the Malaysian federal government, has made Sarawak's World Heritage more accessible through the construction of the Pan Borneo Highway.[37] Manufacturing, industrial, and tourism sector are given special attention. High technology industries aimed to play a role into the economic expansion and creation of jobs in the state. As a result of Taib Mahmud's policy of development, Sarawak GDP growth exceeded national average in 1995. To balance the development between urban and rural areas, Taib Mahmud also endorsed town planning, natural resources planning, large-scale plantations, and native customary land (NCR) development.[28] However, cases of exploitation of NCR lands for logging, mining, and plantation purposes have also been reported.[38][39] Sarawak is the first state in Malaysia to fully implement the e-government initiative while the Sarawak State Library is the first e-library in Malaysia. Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE) which was introduced in 2008, is aimed to diversify the future economy of Sarawak.[40]

Since 1981, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has grown from RM 6.5 billion to RM 19.7 billion in 1995 and increased further to an estimated of RM 29.9 billion in 1999. In 1995, 31.9% of the population was living in poverty and 10% in hard-core poverty. By 1997, the incidence of poverty was down to 7.5% and hard-core poverty went down to 0.7%. In 1980, only 31.8% of people of Sarawak had water supply, but in 1995, the figure has reached 85% of the population.[28]

But Sarawak's prosperity is not evenly shared across the socio-economic classes. Unlike the data above, academics and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are independent of Taib's PBB party revealed that the large disparity between urban and rural poverty remains a major challenge for Taib's three decades-old administration.[41][42]

During his tenure, Taib has been able to disciplined the co-operation of leaders from different political parties to reach a common political consensus. Taib considered that his proudest achievements are in terms of economic development, social integration and industrialisation in Sarawak.[43]

Environmental policy

The Sarawak government announced that they are stepping up their effort for wildlife conservation and protection. A programme has been put in place by Sarawak government to save the flora and fauna affected by the construction of the Bakun Dam.[44]

Other programmes include the Heart 2 Heart orangutan campaign which invites the public to get involved with orangutan conservation; orang-utan and turtle adoption; protection of the dugong and the Irrawaddy dolphin, which are both endangered species; and the Reef Ball project that will rehabilitate Sarawak's ocean ecosystem by placing artificial reef modules in the sea to form new habitats.[44]

In 1992, International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) also financed the establishment of Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary which now houses about 4000 orang utan. This wildlife century also aimed to improve the livelihood of the rural population and to reduce their dependence on forests.[45]

2030 vision for Sarawak

During the celebrations of Taib's 28th year in power as the chief minister of Sarawak, speaking at Dewan Suarah Bintulu Taib said that his vision for Sarawak was for it to become the richest state in Malaysia by the year 2030. It is the intention of Taib and his administration to develop more high-skilled jobs.[46]

To achieve this, the state is investing money in developing new higher education institutions. This policy is intended to help move the economy away from industry which relies heavily on Sarawak's natural resources to a more skilled, serviced-based economy.[46]

Sarawak Cabinet reshuffle

Taib announced his cabinet reshuffle on 8 November 2009.[47] Six new state assemblymen were appointed as assistant ministers, while the portfolios of others were changed. Five out of the six new appointees were sworn in on 21 November 2009 before the state governor, Tun Datuk Patinggi Abang Muhamad Salahuddin in the state assembly. The remaining assistant minister, Abdul Wahab Aziz, was on a pilgrimage.[48] The new cabinet line-up took effect on 1 December 2009.[48][49]

Taib, who retained the Finance, and Planning and Resource Management Minister portfolios, said the reorganisation was meant to prepare Sarawak for new development policies and approaches that could take place some time in the 10th Malaysia Plan (10MP) or after the next state election. He also said that with the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE) coming up, he would reform Syarikat SESCO Berhad (SESCO) in the next one or two years.[49]

On 28 September 2011, Taib again announced another cabinet reshuffle with the appointment of Senior Ministers in the cabinet and renaming several ministries. Taib also created new ministries that will focused on the welfare, women and family development.[50]

2011 state election and aftermath

Despite being the target of an onslaught of attacks by the opposition Pakatan Rakyat coalition,[51] Taib led PBB to a clean sweep of seats contested in the 2011 state election, winning an eighth consecutive term as chief minister.[52] However, the Barisan Nasional coalition suffered its worst performance ever in a Sarawak state election, with coalition partner Sarawak United People's Party (SUPP) suffering badly due to his poor standing among the Chinese community.[3][53] Following the election, he was under pressure from the BN national leadership to step down to avoid hurting BN's prospects during the next general election.[54] Despite this, Taib remained vague about his retirement plans.[55]

Appointment as Governor of Sarawak

He resigned his post as the Chief Minister of Sarawak on 28 February 2014 and became the Governor of Sarawak on 1 March 2014. Taib was bestowed the "Tun" title on 26 May 2014.[56]

Controversies

Taib Mahmud was noted to rely on a patronage system to reward "compliant local leaders" and stifle potential opposition. He and his relatives were "widely thought to extract a percentage from most major commercial contracts – including those for logging – awarded in the state (Sarawak)" according to a series of leaked US embassy cables published in August 2011.[57] Taib Mahmud was reported to have tight control over logging industry.[23][58] This enabled him to use timber concessions for personal and family enrichment. He had contributed for accelerating the pace of logging in Sarawak.[23][24][59][60][61] Taib was alleged to favour his family members in various business appointments in Sarawak. The companies which have relationships with the chief minister's family such as Cahya Mata Sarawak Berhad (CMSB),[62] Naim Holdings Berhad, Sarawak Energy, Ta Ann,[63] and Titanium Management Sdn Bhd[64] has benefited from various state contracts, concessions, and land dealings.[14][15][65][66][67][68]

However, Taib Mahmud said that he did not ask anybody to do his sons a favour for the positions in CMSB and other companies.[63] He also insisted that his family made money through their own hard work.[22] His cabinet minister, in an interview with Al Jazeera English, maintained that the contracts were awarded transparently either in open or closed tenders. He said that the state government gave the contracts based on the previous good track record of the companies, not because of the alleged political connections.[64] As of February 2014, Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) has found no evidence that Taib had abuse his political office for corruption because approval of land and logging areas were made by Taib's senior ministers or the ৳Sarawak cabinet rather than Taib himself. This is in accordance with Section 23 of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009 where a person cannot be charged for corruption if there is no evidence that he has personally made the decision to award a contract to himself, relatives, or associates.[69][70]

Personal wealth

Taib Mahmud's private residence by the Sarawak River.

Taib owns a mansion in Demak Jaya which overlooks the Sarawak River. According to photos in the July to December 2006 newsletter of Naim Cendera Holdings Bhd, Taib's living room is decorated with gilt-edged European-style sofa sets.[63] He also wears a ring with walnut-sized red gem surrounded by small diamonds. Laila Taib and her children are the majority shareholders of Sitehost Pty. Ltd., Australia, which owns Adelaide Hilton Hotel.[23] Taib was described as "flamboyant with expensive tastes",[71] an avid collector of Southeast Asian betel nut paraphernalia, and had reportedly purchased a piano once belonged to late American showman Liberace for US$2 million.[72] It emerged that this was untrue, however one of Liberace's pianos was acquired for the state civic centre at a cost of US$8,032.[73] Taib's daughter Jamilah and family members has been establishing real property estates in Canada,[74] United States,[75][76] and United Kingdom.[77] Taib Mahmud admitted that his daughter owns properties in Canada and London but he denied that he has any business interests in his daughter's properties.[78][79]

Bruno Manser Fonds has since disclosed that Taib and his immediate family (his children, siblings and cousin Hamed Sepawi) have shares in more than 330 companies in Malaysia alone and more than 400 companies in total around the globe worth several billion US dollars.[80] In September 2012, Bruno Manser Fonds estimated that Taib Mahmud net worth is at least 15 billion US dollars.[81] The United Kingdom,[82] Switzerland,[83] and Germany has since opened investigations on Taib Mahmud's wealth.[84]

Awards and recognition

In April 2010, he received "Doctorate in Leadership" from Limkokwing University of Creative Technology and is recognised as the "Architect of Modern Sarawak" or "Father of Modern Sarawak" by the university.[85]

In July 2010, Taib was presented with the "Lifetime achievement" by Asia HRD Congress to commemorate his contributions towards developing the human capital in Sarawak especially for the establishment of University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).[86]

In December 2001, he was appointed an Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia, "for service to Australian-Malaysian bilateral relations".[87]

Taib also holds honorary degrees from a number of universities including, an Honorary Degree from the University of Adelaide, Australia, an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Putra, Malaysia, Honorary Doctor of Technology Degree from Curtin University of Technology, Australia, and in 1998, Taib was made the Honorary Fellow of Islamic Academy of Sciences at the Islamic Academy of Sciences, Amman, Jordan.[29]

References

  1. ↑ Tawie, Sulok (21 March 2016). "After 43 years, Sarawak deputy CM Alfred Jabu to quit politics". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  2. ↑ New ministry, seven new faces in Sarawak cabinet reshuffle Borneo Post Accessed on 10 December 2011
  3. 1 2 Chong, Debra (19 April 2011). "In Sarawak, Chinese anger still strong against Pek Moh". The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  4. ↑ Ready to ride out the storm The Star (Malaysia) Accessed on 10 December 2011
  5. ↑ Huat, W.C. (3 April 2009). "The Last Rajah's Battlefield". The Nut Graph. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  6. ↑ Abdul Taib still undecided to contest in state election The Malaysian Insider
  7. ↑ "Abdul Taib says his successor as chief minister identified". Bernama. 17 March 2005. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  8. ↑ "Taib Mahmud among longest-serving parliamentarians". Bernama. 13 March 2004. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  9. ↑ "Ku Li now longest-serving MP". Bernama. 9 March 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  10. ↑ "Getting Rich in Malaysia Cronyism Capital Means Dayak Lose Home". Bloomberg. 24 August 2009. Archived from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  11. ↑ "Taib to resign on February 28, Adenan Satem to take over as Sarawak chief minister". The Malaysian Insider. 12 February 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  12. ↑ "Taib to receive credentials as Sarawak's Head of State Friday". =The Borneo Post. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "74 years ago on this day...". Tribune.my. 20 August 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  14. 1 2 Backman, M (15 May 2003). "Being well connected goes a long way for some in Malaysia". The Age (Australia). Retrieved 6 July 2010. As well it might. It is, you might say, well connected. CMS Group chairman is Sulaiman Abdul Rahman Taib. His younger brother Mahmud Abu Bekir Taib is deputy chairman. Their father is Abdul Taib Mahmud. He is the Chief Minister of Sarawak and has been since 1981.
  15. 1 2 "The Dam that Wouldn't Die". Asia Sentinel. 15 August 2007. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2010. The CMS takeover also reflects the politics of New Economic Policy privatization exercises in Malaysia, which tend to favor hiving off profitable public enterprises instead of loss-making ones to well-connected individuals in the private sector, Aeria claims. Apart from cultivating cronyism and promoting rent-seeking, such privatizations deprive the state sector of lucrative sources of income end up raising the tax burden of ordinary taxpayers, he writes.
  16. ↑ "Abdullah Visits Abdul Taib Mahmud". Bernama. 11 February 2006. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  17. ↑ "Chief Minister's Wife, Laila Taib Dies". Bernama. 29 April 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  18. ↑ "Sarawak CM's Granddaughter Dies". Bernama. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  19. ↑ "Sarawak Chief Minister remarries,a daily says". The Star. 18 December 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
  20. ↑ "PM, wife among 500 at Taib's wedding bash". New Straits Times. 16 January 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  21. ↑ "CM, wife centre of attraction at wedding reception". 10 January 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  22. 1 2 Rentap, L. "How About Auditing Bigger Fish Instead?". Aliran Monthly. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015. Abdul Taib Mahmud insists his family made their money via hard work in business. But many observers remain sceptical and wonder how his siblings and children came into all that wealth, both locally and overseas.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 S. Hazis, Faisal (2012). Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 114–120. ISBN 9789814311588. Retrieved 30 November 2015. Central to Taib's strategy in bolstering his position as the most powerful strongman-politician in Sarawak is to accumulate personal wealth. ... Emulating Rahman, Taib disbursed timber concessions to his family members and cronies in order to consolidate his power. ... The privatisation of profitable state enterprises from both the negeri and central governments facilitated the setting up of Taib family-owned business conglomerate in Sarawak known as the CMS Group. Although it is difficult to estimate the total value of Taib's wealth, his family control of timber concessions and CMS's widespread involvement in the various economic sectors provides a glimpse of the strongman-politician's economic standing. (pages 119-120) By amending Forest Bill, Taib tightened his grip on the distribution of timber licence at the expense of Rahman supporters. (page 156)
  24. 1 2 3 4 Michael, L. Ross (8 January 2001). Timber Booms and Institutional Breakdown in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 149–151, 153, 156. ISBN 9781139432115. Retrieved 29 November 2015. Ya'kub and Taib used timber concessions for at least three purposes: first, to assemble supermajority, interethnic coalitions in the state assembly at the local level; second, to raise campaign funds from ethnic Chinese timber contractors; and finally, for personal and family enrichment. (page 152) ... in Sarawak, Taib's insecurity between 1986 to 1991 gave him an incentive to accelerate the pace of logging, despite protests in Sarawak, Kuala Lumpur, and abroad. (page 156)
  25. ↑ Ujang, A (11 January 2008). "Truly memorable 80th birthday". The Star. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  26. ↑ New court honours chief minister
  27. ↑ Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud – Profile of the Chief Minister Chief minister official website. Retrieved 11 December 2011
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 "Biodata Yang DiPertua (Biodata of the President)". Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  29. 1 2 3 Prominent Alumni Profile-Abdul Taib Mahmud Sarawak Alumni of the University of Adelaide
  30. ↑ Where to now, Sarawak? Malaysian Mirror
  31. ↑ Samarahan Sees Rapid Development Bernama
  32. ↑ Whither the people’s agenda? Aliran Monthly
  33. ↑ "SPECIAL REPORT: The Ming Court Affair (Part 1 and 2)". Malaysiakini. 25 May 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  34. ↑ Brown, David Walter (2001). "Why Governments Fail to Capture Economic Rent: The Unofficial Appropriation of Rain Forest Rent by Rulers in Insular Southeast Asia Between 1970 and 1999". University of Washington: 147. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  35. 1 2 Kesavapany. K (2004). In Southeast Asian affairs 2004. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 163. ISBN 981-230-238-7. Google Book Search. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
  36. ↑ Murdoch, L (29 September 1991). "Borneo anti-logging party loses election". The Age (Australia). Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  37. ↑ Boosting rural tourism in Borneo
  38. ↑ "Native Customary Rights in Sarawak". Cultural Survival. Summer 1986. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  39. ↑ Tawie, J."Define Native Customary Lands". Malaysian Mirror. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  40. ↑ "A tribute to Rt. Hon Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud". Limkokwing University of Creative Technology. 27 April 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  41. ↑ Hashim, S (1998). In Income inequality and poverty in Malaysia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 112, 174–5. ISBN 0-8476-8858-5. Google Book Search. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
  42. ↑ "Suhakam finds hardcore poverty in Sarawak". Malaysiakini. 24 June 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
  43. ↑ Mitton, R (8 December 1995). "Going Out in Style. After 14 Years in Power, Taib Prepares a Last Hurrah". Asiaweek. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
  44. 1 2 Wildlife Conservation Top Priority for Sarawak Government
  45. ↑ 25 success stories page 44-45 International Tropical Timber Organization
  46. 1 2 "Sarawak to become Malaysia's richest state by 2030: chief minister". Asia Pulse. 27 March 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  47. ↑ Taib to announce state cabinet reshuffle today
  48. 1 2 "Five New Assistant Ministers Sworn In". The Borneo Post. 22 November 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  49. 1 2 "Six new faces; three dropped". The Borneo Post. 9 November 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  50. ↑ "Cabinet re-energised". The Star. 29 September 2011.
  51. ↑ Ting, Alan (12 April 2011). "Opposition Harping on Taib's Tenure". Bernama. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
  52. ↑ "PM, DPM congratulate Taib and Sarawak BN". The Star (Malaysia). 16 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
  53. ↑ "Battered SUPP Definitely Needs to Reinvent Itself". Bernama. 16 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
  54. ↑ Najib: Taib will step down some time after state election The Star
  55. ↑ Baradan Kuppusamy (20 April 2011). "After Samy Vellu, Najib trains sights on Taib". The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  56. ↑ "King bestows ‘Tun’ title on Taib Mahmud". The Star (Malaysia). 26 May 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  57. ↑ "Wikileaks: US warned of severe corruption in Malaysia's Sarawak state". Mongabay. Retrieved 8 November 2012. Taib relies on a patronage system to reward “compliant local leaders” and stifle potential opposition.
  58. ↑ "Politics, Law and the Logging Industry". Forests Monitor. Retrieved 5 July 2010. Such connections between the political elite and logging companies persist to this day. Besides the fact that licensing decisions are made by the Chief Minister in his additional function as state Minister of Resource Planning,[50] new legislation has been introduced that grants the Chief Minister alone the power to revoke timber concessions. No legal challenge to the revocation of licences is now possible and no reasons need be given. This ensures that anyone with a logging interest remains loyal to the Chief Minister or risks losing their licence. Such close connections between politics and timber exploitation means that there is little incentive to protect forests or to protect and enforce native people's rights.
  59. ↑ "Log tale – A new investigation accuses HSBC of ignoring its own sustainability policies". The Economist. 3 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012. Allegations of corruption and abuse of public office dog Abdul Taib Mahmud, Sarawak’s chief minister, finance minister and planning-and-resources minister, who is believed to have firm control over the granting of logging licences. Mr Taib has long denied being corrupt.
  60. ↑ "Swiss activist Lukas Straumann talks about his upcoming book". The Star (Malaysia). 25 September 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014. It took executive director Dr. Lukas Straumann two years to write his book, Money Logging: On the trail of the Asian Timber Mafia. In it he makes a number of allegations against one of Sarawak's most prominent personalities, a former Sarawak chief minister.
  61. ↑ "Company Profiles – Rimbunan Hijau Group". Forests Monitor. Retrieved 6 July 2010. The group has a number of high level political connections: Mohamad Arip bin Mahmud, the brother of Sarawak's Chief Minister (who controls the allocation of logging concessions), was appointed as a director of Jaya Tiasa on 13/4/95;297 a sister of the Chief Minister is also one of Tiong's business partners.
  62. ↑ Bruno Manser Fund. "Corruption Management Sarawak - Cahya Mata Sarawak (CMS) and the Taib family" (PDF). Bruno Manser Fund. Bruno Manser Fund. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  63. 1 2 3 Yoolim, L (24 August 2009). "Getting Rich in Malaysia Cronyism Capital Means Dayak Lose Home". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 6 July 2010. Naim is a property developer and contractor whose chairman is Taib’s cousin, Abdul Hamed Sepawi. He is also chairman of state power company Sarawak Energy and timber company Ta Ann Holdings Bhd., and is on the board of Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corp. and Sarawak Plantation Bhd.
  64. 1 2 "Fight the power". Al Jazeera English. 19 March 2009. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
  65. ↑ Mersat, Neilson Ilan , Politics and business in Sarawak (1963–2004) / ANU PhD Thesis, 2005
  66. ↑ "Inside Malaysia's Shadows state". Global Witness. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013. In this undercover investigation, Global Witness shows exactly how Taib’s family and their cronies by-pass Malaysian law to sell off Sarawak’s land and forests, using Singapore’s secretive banks to conceal corrupt deals.
  67. ↑ "Lawyer implicates Taib in second GW video". The Malaysian Insider. 22 March 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013. In a covert investigation, GW captured on video dealings with Taib’s cousins and several other intermediaries to acquire thousands of hectares of forest land that the London-based activist said revealed the systematic corruption and illegality that lay at the heart of Sarawak.
  68. ↑ Outtake No.1 – Huang Lung Ong – Inside Malaysia's Shadow State on YouTube Global Witness. URL assessed on 8 April 2013
  69. ↑ Aidila, Razak (8 October 2012). "Taib's son rich from gov't deals, but no proof of abuse". Malaysiakini. Archived from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  70. ↑ "No proof of Taib power abuse as Sarawak ministers had approved land for his kin, say sources". Malaysian Insider. 24 February 2014. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  71. ↑ Dauvergne, Peter (1997). In Shadows in the forest:Japan and the politics of timber in Southeast Asia. MIT Press. p. 109. ISBN 0-262-54087-8. Google Book Search. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
  72. ↑ Backman, M (2005). In Inside knowledge: streetwise in Asia. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 136. ISBN 1-4039-4237-4. Google Book Search. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  73. ↑ "Correction". Far Eastern Economic Review. 10 October 1996.
  74. ↑ "Exclusive – Taibs' Foreign Property Portfolio". Sarawak Report. 15 June 2010. Archived from the original on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
  75. ↑ "Sakti/Sakto – Another Taib Exclusive". Sarawak Report. 1 July 2010. Archived from the original on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
  76. ↑ Unmasked! Taib The Godfather
  77. ↑ "Growing Scandal – The London Connection!". Sarawak Report. 11 July 2010. Archived from the original on 14 July 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  78. ↑ Taib’s Big Boob As He Launches Cyber-war Attempt! Sarawak Report
  79. ↑ Jamilah in Canada TheRealSarawak blog
  80. ↑ EXCLUSIVE: Taib family's illicit billions disclosed! Bruno Manser Fonds
  81. ↑ Taib family’s illicit assets estimated at over USD 20 billion Bruno Manser Fonds
  82. ↑ "UK govt ‘monitoring’ Taib’s dealings". Free Malaysia Today. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  83. ↑ "Swiss President Orders an Investigation into Taib's Assets! - Exclusive". Sarawak Report. Archived from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  84. ↑ "Taib Probe Opens In Germany - Breaking News!". Sarawak Report. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  85. ↑ "Rt. Hon. Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud, is the Chief Minister of Sarawak.". Limkokwing University of Creative Technology. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  86. ↑ "Taib gets human capital award". New Straits Times. 10 July 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  87. ↑ It's an Honour
Preceded by
Abdul Rahman Ya'kub		 Chief Minister of Sarawak
1981–2014 		Succeeded by
Adenan Satem
Preceded by
Abang Muhammad Salahuddin		 Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak
2014 		Succeeded by
incumbent
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