Takht-e Soleymān

"Takht-e-Soleiman" redirects here. For other uses, see Takht-e-Soleiman (disambiguation).
For the administrative subdivision of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, see Takht-e Soleyman District. For the village in Fars Province, see Takht-e Soleyman, Fars.
For the similarly named locations see Takht-e Suleyman Massif in Iran and Sulayman Mountain near Osh, Kyrgyzstan.
Takht-e Soleymān
تخت سلیمان

The crater at Takht-e Soleymān
Shown within Iran
Location West Azarbaijan, Iran
Coordinates 36°36′11″N 47°14′09″E / 36.603171°N 47.235949°E / 36.603171; 47.235949Coordinates: 36°36′11″N 47°14′09″E / 36.603171°N 47.235949°E / 36.603171; 47.235949
Type Settlement
Official name Takht-e Soleyman
Type Cultural
Criteria i, ii, iii, iv, vi
Designated 2003 (27th session)
Reference no. 1077
Region Asia-Pacific

Takht-e Soleymān (Persian: تخت سلیمان‎‎) (Azerbaijani: Təxti Süleyman), also known as Azar Goshnasp,[1] literally "the Fire of the Warrior Kings", is an archaeological site in West Azarbaijan, Iran. It lies midway between Urmia and Hamadan, very near the present-day town of Takab, and 400 km (250 mi) west of Tehran.

The originally fortified site, which is located on a volcano crater rim, was recognized as a World Heritage Site in July 2003. The citadel includes the remains of a Zoroastrian fire temple built during the Sassanid period and partially rebuilt during the Ilkhanid period. This site got this Semitic name after the Arab conquest. This temple housed one of the three "Great Fires" or "Royal Fires" that Sassanid rulers humbled themselves before in order to ascend the throne. The fire at Takht-i Soleiman was called ādur Wishnāsp and was dedicated to the arteshtar or warrior class of the Sasanid.[2]

Folk legend relates that King Solomon used to imprison monsters inside the 100 m deep crater of the nearby Zendan-e Soleyman "Prison of Solomon". Another crater inside the fortification itself is filled with spring water; Solomon is said to have created a flowing pond that still exists today. Nevertheless, Solomon belongs to Semitic legends and therefore, the lore and namesake (Solomon's Throne) should have been formed following Arab conquest of Persia. A 4th century Armenian manuscript relating to Jesus and Zarathustra, and various historians of the Islamic period, mention this pond. The foundations of the fire temple around the pond is attributed to that legend.

Archaeological excavations have revealed traces of a 5th-century BC occupation during the Achaemenid period, as well as later Parthian settlements in the citadel. Coins belonging to the reign of Sassanid kings, and that of the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II (AD 408-450), have also been discovered there.

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ↑ Huff, Dietrich (2002-07-20). "Taḵt-e Solaymān". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2013-06-11.
  2. ↑ Zakeri, Mohsen. Sasanid soldiers in early Muslim society: The origins of Ayyaran and Futuwwa. Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 32. ISBN 3-447-03652-4.

External links

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