Tawang Town

This article is about the municipality in India. For its namesake district, see Tawang district.
Tawang
town

Tawang Town with Tawang Monastery in background
Tawang

Location in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Coordinates: 27°35′18″N 91°51′55″E / 27.58833°N 91.86528°E / 27.58833; 91.86528Coordinates: 27°35′18″N 91°51′55″E / 27.58833°N 91.86528°E / 27.58833; 91.86528
Country  India
State Arunachal Pradesh
District Tawang
Elevation 2,669 m (8,757 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 11,202
Languages
 • Official English
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)

Tawang is a town situated at an elevation of approximately 3,048 metres (10,000 ft) in the northwestern part of Arunachal Pradesh in India. The area is administered by the Republic of India as a part of the North East state of Arunachal Pradesh and is claimed by People's Republic of China as a part of South Tibet.[1][2] The town once served as the district headquarters of West Kameng district, and became the district headquarters of Tawang district when it was formed from West Kameng.

History

Birthplace of 6th Dalai Lama, Urgelling Monastery, near Tawang Town

Tawang was historically part of Tibet inhabited by the Monpa people. The Tawang Monastery was founded by the Merak Lama Lodre Gyatso in 1681 in accordance with the wishes of the 5th Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, and has an interesting legend surrounding its name, which means "Chosen by Horse". The sixth Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, was born in Tawang.

The 1914 Simla Accord defined the McMahon Line as the new boundary between British India and Tibet. By this treaty Tibet relinquished several hundred square miles of its territory, including Tawang, to the British, but it was not recognised by China.[3] However, the British did not take possession of Tawang and Tibet continued to administer and collect taxes in Tawang. When the British botanist Frank Kingdon-Ward crossed the Sela Pass and entered Tawang in 1935 without permission from Tibet, he was briefly arrested. This drew the attention of the British, who reexamined the Indo-Tibetan border and rediscovered that Tibet had ceded Tawang to British India. Tibet did not repudiate the Simla Accord and the McMahon Line but refused to surrender Tawang, partly because of the importance attached to the Tawang Monastery. In 1938 the British made a cautious move to assert sovereignty over Tawang by sending a small military column under Capt. G.S. Lightfoot to Tawang.[4]

Lightfoot's brief visit elicited a strong diplomatic protest from Tibet but did not cause any territorial change. After the outbreak of the war with Japan in 1941 the government of Assam undertook a number of 'forward policy' measures to tighten their hold on the North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) area, which later became Arunachal Pradesh. In 1944 administrative control was extended over the area of the Tawang tract lying South of the Sela Pass when J.P. Mills set up an Assam Rifles post at Dirang Dzong and sent the Tibetan tax-collectors packing. Tibetan protests were brushed aside. However, no steps were taken to evict the Tibetan from the area North of the pass which contained Tawang town.[5]

The situation continued after India's independence but underwent a decisive change in 1950 when Tibet lost its de facto independence and was incorporated into the newly established People's Republic of China. In February 1951, Major Ralengnao 'Bob' Khathing led an Assam Rifles column to Tawang town and took control of the remainder of the Tawang tract from the Tibetans, removing the Tibetan administration.[6][7] During the Sino-Indian war of 1962, Tawang fell briefly under Chinese control, but China voluntarily withdrew its troops at the end of the war. Tawang again came under Indian administration, but China has not relinquished its claims on most of Arunachal Pradesh including Tawang.[8]

Geography

Tawang town is located approximately 555 kilometres (345 mi) from Guwahati and 320 kilometres (200 mi) from Tezpur. Tawang has an average elevation of 2,669 metres (8,757 ft).

Climate

The climate is warm and temperate in Tawang. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Tawang than in summer. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Cwb. The average temperature in Tawang is 10.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2007 mm. Tawang receives heavy rainfall during monsoon season ie. May-October whereas in winter Tawang receives heavy snowfall(6m - 10m)

Climate data for Tawamg
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.6
(51.1)		 13.7
(56.7)		 17.8
(64)		 18.8
(65.8)		 19.2
(66.6)		 20.6
(69.1)		 19.2
(66.6)		 18.2
(64.8)		 19.6
(67.3)		 18.0
(64.4)		 15.0
(59)		 12.6
(54.7)		 20.6
(69.1)
Average high °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8)		 8.4
(47.1)		 11.8
(53.2)		 14.7
(58.5)		 14.6
(58.3)		 16.5
(61.7)		 16.9
(62.4)		 16.4
(61.5)		 15.9
(60.6)		 14.9
(58.8)		 12.2
(54)		 7.2
(45)		 12.5
(54.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.8
(28.8)		 2.9
(37.2)		 6.2
(43.2)		 10
(50)		 11.3
(52.3)		 14.4
(57.9)		 14.8
(58.6)		 14.2
(57.6)		 13.3
(55.9)		 10.4
(50.7)		 7.3
(45.1)		 3.6
(38.5)		 8.3
(46.9)
Average low °C (°F) −6.9
(19.6)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 0.6
(33.1)		 5.3
(41.5)		 8.1
(46.6)		 12.0
(53.6)		 12.6
(54.7)		 12.1
(53.8)		 10.7
(51.3)		 5.9
(42.6)		 2.3
(36.1)		 −.06
(31.89)		 4.1
(39.4)
Record low °C (°F) −23.8
(−10.8)		 −10.5
(13.1)		 −6.9
(19.6)		 0.6
(33.1)		 1.3
(34.3)		 8.9
(48)		 9.5
(49.1)		 9.9
(49.8)		 6.1
(43)		 3.1
(37.6)		 0
(32)		 −2
(28)		 −23.8
(−10.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.5
(0.098)		 0.2
(0.008)		 81.95
(3.2264)		 274.1
(10.791)		 153.0
(6.024)		 302.1
(11.894)		 275.9
(10.862)		 673.7
(26.524)		 273.4
(10.764)		 50.0
(1.969)		 0.3
(0.012)		 6.1
(0.24)		 2,007.6
(79.039)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 94.94
(37.378)		 9.1
(3.58)		 59.8
(23.54)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 49
(19.3)		 212.84
(83.798)
Average rainy days 1.0 0.5 7.5 21 27 27 27 31 25 9 1 4 176
Average snowy days 6 4.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 2 17
Average relative humidity (%) 46.36 51.8 58.71 65.60 70.81 71.97 78.55 81.86 80.3 69.71 60.00 59.16 66.236
Source: World Weather Online

Demographics

As of the 2011 census, Tawang had a population of 11,202.[9]

Tawang Monastry

The 8m tall statue of the Shakyamuni Buddha in the Tawang Monastery

Tawang Monastery was founded by the Mera Lama Lodre Gyatso in accordance to the wishes of the 5th Dalai Lama, Nagwang Lobsang Gyatso. It belongs to the Gelugpa sect and is the largest Buddhist monastery in India. The name Tawang (Tibetan: རྟ་དབང་, Wylie: Rta-dbang ) means Horse Chosen.[10][10] It is said to be the biggest Buddhist monastery in the world outside of Lhasa, Tibet.[11] It is a major holy site for Tibetan Buddhists as it was the birthplace of the sixth Dalai Lama.[12]

When the 14th Dalai Lama fled from Tibet to escape from Chinese army, he crossed into India on 30 March 1959 and spent some days at the Tawang Monastery before reaching Tezpur in Assam on 18 April.[13] Tawang Monastery is said to be the biggest Buddhist monastery in the world outside of Lhasa, Tibet.[14] Until 2003, the Dalai Lama said that Arunachal Pradesh was "actually part of Tibet". He reversed his position in 2008, acknowledging the legitimacy of the McMahon Line and the Indian claim to the region.[15] The Dalai Lama visited Tawang on 8 November 2009. About 30,000 people, including those from neighboring Nepal and Bhutan, attended his religious discourse.[16]

Connectivity

The nearest airports are at Salonibari Airport in Tezpur (319 kilometres (198 mi)) and Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Guwahati. By road, Tawang is 440 kilometres (270 mi) from capital Itanagar and is connected with buses run by APSRTC and private services. The nearest railway station is at Tezpur, which is connected to major cities. A broad-gauge railway line connecting Missamari in Assam with Tawang has been proposed and a survey for the line was sanctioned in 2011.[17]

Tourism

Tawang receives snowfall every year during December–January.[18] There is also a ski lift in town. Visitors to Tawang require special Inner Line permits from the government which are available in Kolkata, Guwahati, Tezpur, and New Delhi. Most of the travel from the plains is on a steep hill road journey, crossing Sela Pass at 4,176 metres (13,701 ft). Tourists can travel to Tawang from Tezpur, Assam by road and Tezpur has direct flights from Kolkata. In Oct 2014, two times a week helicopter service from Guwahati was started by the Arunachal Pradesh government.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Maxwell, Neville (1970). India's China War. New York: Pantheon. p. 65. ISBN 9780224618878.
  2. ↑ J Michael Cole (November 27, 2012). "China’s New Passport Sparks Controversy". The Diplomat. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  3. ↑ Shakya (1999), p. 279.
  4. ↑ A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951, by M.C.Goldstein (University of California Press,1989), pp. 299–307.
  5. ↑ India's China War by Neville Maxwell (Anchor Books, 1972), pp.50–51.
  6. ↑ India's China War by Neville Maxwell (Anchor Books, 1972),page 66
  7. ↑ "Assam Rifles".
  8. ↑ India's China War by Neville Maxwell (Anchor Books, 1972),pp.384–502
  9. ↑ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1201_PART_B_DCHB_TAWANG.pdf
  10. 1 2 Tawang District: The Land of Monpas
  11. ↑ Young Buddhist monks lead insular lives in India
  12. ↑ "Tawang is part of India: Dalai Lama". TNN. 4 June 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  13. ↑ Richardson (1984), p. 210.
  14. ↑ Buddhist monks lead insular lives in India
  15. ↑ "Tawang is part of India: Dalai Lama". TNN. 4 June 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  16. ↑ Thousands flock to see Dalai Lama in Indian state
  17. ↑ "Defence Ministry allots 4 more strategic rail lines to NE". newsbharati. 21 June 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  18. ↑ "Tourists overjoyed as Tawang receives Seasons's 1st Snowfall". Biharprabha News. Retrieved 14 December 2013.

Bibliography

External links

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