Texas State Highway 12

State Highway 12
Route information
Maintained by TxDOT
Length:	19.6 mi[1] (31.5 km)
Existed:	1959[1] – present
Major junctions
West end:	I-10 / US 90 in Vidor
East end:	LA 12 near Deweyville
Location
Counties:	Orange, Newton
Highway system
Highways in Texas Interstate US State Toll Loops Spurs Park Rec FM ← SH 11 SH 13 → ← SH 234 SH 235 SH 236 →

State Highway 12 (SH 12) is an east–west state highway that runs from I-10 in Vidor to Deweyville on the Texas-Louisiana boundary in east Texas. The route was designated in 1959 as a renumbering of SH 235 to smooth the travel transition with Louisiana Highway 12, with which it connects.

Route description

SH 12 begins at an intersection with I-10 and US 90 on the north side of Vidor, and travels to the northeast. It travels through lightly populated country before reaching the Sabine River at Deweyville. The route continues into Louisiana as Louisiana Highway 12.

History

SH 12 was one of the original twenty six state highways proposed in 1917. It was an ambitious undertaking to construct a border-to-border highway hugging the southern Texas coast and border with Mexico, and was to be named the 'Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway.'

In 1917 the route followed present day Interstate 10 eastward from El Paso to roughly Esperanza. From there the road was proposed to go to Presidio (not built) and followed FM 170 from there to near Lajitas. It was proposed from there to hug the Rio Grande through Big Bend and towards Langtry (again, never built) where it would have met up with present day U.S. Highway 90. On US 90, the road would have gone into Del Rio and, via present day US 277, into Eagle Pass and though to Paso de Francia via present day FM 1021 and FM 1472 to Laredo. The Paso de Francia to Laredo segment was again, at the time never built. From Laredo to Pharr the road would have followed present day U.S. Highway 83. At Pharr, a spur of SH 12 would have continued east on US 83 to Brownsville. The main road went north on from Pharr on U.S. Highway 281 to Falfurrias then East on SH 285 into Riviera and north on U.S. Highway 77 towards Victoria, through to Houston on U.S. Highway 59 and finally US 90 to Orange.

Unfortunately many of the roads in West and South Texas did not exist as planned (and still don't), and the technology available in 1919 wasn't up to the task of building so many miles of non-existent roadway quickly and efficiently. This led to SH 12 being rerouted many times, each time trying to keep it as a border-to-border highway, hugging the southern borderline.

In 1919 the segment from El Paso, to near Lobo was rerouted to instead go to a proposed New Mexico crossing, due south into Van Horn, via SH 54 and continued to near Valentine, Texas over US 90. From there, the road again was proposed to go around Big Bend, meeting up again with current US 90 in Sanderson, meeting up with its old alignment in Langtry. In the east, the segment between Sinton and Refugio had yet to be built, so SH 12 was rerouted into Corpus Christi via present day Interstate 37, U.S. Highway 181 and SH 35 into Rockport, Texas. The road then doublebacked, via SH 188 and FM 136 to Bayside. From here, another proposed road would have met back with US 77 into Victoria. SH 12 then terminated far short of Orange in Rosenberg. Much like other highways at the time, multiple alternate routings have been created using the same number, and SH 12 was no exception. SH 12A ran via present day SH 60 from Wharton to Matagorda.

In 1922 most of the western Texas designations had still not been constructed, and in some cases were not even feasible. A major rerouting using already existing roads in the area took place. The New Mexico border crossing was rerouted to the current U.S. Highway 180 crossing. The Rio Grande hugging Big Bend segment was completely abandoned, with SH 12 now using the current US 90 highway from Valentine to Alpine to Sanderson. The road from Del Rio, Eagle Pass, Laredo to Pharr was still proposed, and sections had been built west of Pharr. However, not sure if that road would be built either, a cut-off SH 12A was built from Laredo to Hebbronville which would eventually become SH 359 and SH 44 into Robstown where it met up with the original SH 12. The Aransas Pass to Victoria segment had still not been built as well, and a SH 12B was constructed to bypass this area if it could not be built. From Victoria, SH 12B ran through US 59 to Beeville, Texas, and in the east from Eagle Pass to Pearsall, Texas via U.S. Highway 57. The rest of the cut off was only proposed through Oakville, Tilden, and Gardendale. The Matagorda-Wharton segment was renamed SH 12C.

In 1926, U.S. Highway 62, US 90, US 83, US 96 and US 77 were overlaid on most of SH 12, but by 1926 SH 12 had lost much of its assignment, being mostly confined to south and southeast Texas. The Eagle Pass-Laredo and Refugio-Rockport segments had never been built. SH 12C was handed over to the new SH 60. SH 12 at this time followed the routing from Brownsville via Pharr to Alice. From Alice, SH 12 followed SH 359 to Skidmore, US 181 to Beeville, and US 59 to Rosenberg. In 1928, SH 12B between Cotulla and Oakville was handed over to the new SH 127. By 1931, SH 12 was rerouted over SH 12A from Laredo to Alice, the old route being transferred to SH 66 and SH 48. The portion of SH 12A from Alice to Robstown became an extension of SH 128.

By 1939 the original route was cancelled completely, its mileage taken over by US highways.

Major intersections

County	Location	mi	km	Destinations	Notes
Orange	Vidor			I-10 / US 90 to FM 105	I-10 exit 861A
				FM 1132 (Evangeline Drive) to I-10 / FM 105
	​			FM 1136 south to I-10
	Mauriceville			SH 62 – Buna, Bridge City
Newton	​			SH 87 – Newton, Orange
	Deweyville			Spur 272 south
	​			LA 12 east – Dequincy	Louisiana state line (Deweyville Swing Bridge over Sabine River)
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

References

1. Texas Department of Transportation,