Den Helder

"Helder" redirects here. For other uses, see Helder (disambiguation).
Den Helder
Municipality

Water tower of Den Helder

Flag
Coat of arms
Highlighted position of Den Helder in a municipal map of North Holland
Location in North Holland
Coordinates: 52°56′N 4°45′E / 52.933°N 4.750°E / 52.933; 4.750Coordinates: 52°56′N 4°45′E / 52.933°N 4.750°E / 52.933; 4.750
Country Netherlands
Province North Holland
Government[1]
 • Body Municipal council
 • Mayor Koen Schuiling (VVD)
Area[2]
 • Total 178.80 km2 (69.04 sq mi)
 • Land 45.25 km2 (17.47 sq mi)
 • Water 133.55 km2 (51.56 sq mi)
Elevation[3] 1 m (3 ft)
Population (May 2014)[4]
 • Total 56,506
 • Density 1,249/km2 (3,230/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Heldenaar
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postcode 1780–1789
Area code 0223
Website www.denhelder.nl

Den Helder ( pronunciation ) is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Den Helder occupies the northernmost point of the North Holland peninsula. It is home to the country's main naval base.

The Royal TESO ferryboat service operates the transportation link between Den Helder and the nearby Dutch Wadden island of Texel to the north.

Population centres

The municipality of Den Helder consists of the following cities, towns, villages and/or districts: Den Helder, Huisduinen, Julianadorp, and the hamlets Friese Buurt and De Kooy.

The major areas of Den Helder are Old Den Helder, Nieuw-Den Helder, and De Schooten. Nieuw-Den Helder was built in the 1950s, following World War II, when there was a great need for additional housing. De Schooten was constructed in the 1960s.

Topography

Dutch Topographic map of Den Helder (town), March 2014.

Satellite image (May 2007)
Lange Jaap lighthouse
The watertower of Den Helder

History

Huisduinen was the original older part of the city, whereas Helder itself was a nearby smaller hamlet. Due to its strategic location at the tip of the North Holland peninsula, multiple fortifications were built in the area. The area likely began being called Helledore ("Hell's Door" or "Hell's Gate", later on 'Helsdeur') because of the water between now Den Helder and Texel called Marsdiep. The current of the water was so strong many ships were lost. The name Helder may also have come from Helle/Helde, which means hill or hilly grounds, or from Helre, which means a sandy ridge.

Den Helder has played an important part in Dutch shipping. During the Dutch Golden Age, ships would be assembled near Den Helder and sail from there the world's oceans.

On 23 January 1795, the French captured 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns in the town's harbour.[5]

During the 1820s, the North Holland Canal was dug from Amsterdam to Den Helder. The lighthouse Lange Jaap was built in 1877 and is the tallest cast-iron lighthouse in Europe, at 63.45 meters (208.2 ft).

Naval base

Den Helder was the site of a naval base as early as the 18th century. An Anglo-Russian invasion force landed at Den Helder in August 1799 and captured the Batavian navy there (see Battle of Castricum). French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, visiting Den Helder in 1811, was impressed with the town's strategic location and ordered the construction of a fort (Kijkduin) and naval dockyards (Willemsoord). The docks were built during the years 1813-1827. In 1947, it officially became the Royal Netherlands Navy's main centre of operations. Den Helder continues to be the navy's main base today. The Royal Netherlands Naval College is also located in the city, as is the Dutch Navy Museum.

The old naval dockyards of Willemsoord, located in the north of the city, now house restaurants, a cinema, and other recreational facilities. The naval docks and administration have been moved to a new location further east.

Geography and climate

Den Helder is located on the tip of a lowland peninsula jutting out into the North Sea Because of this, Den Helder's climate is heavily moderated by the maritime environment. Also, Den Helder is the sunniest city in the Netherlands.

Climate data for Den Helder, Netherlands (1971-2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 13.3
(55.9)		 14.9
(58.8)		 20.5
(68.9)		 27.9
(82.2)		 28.6
(83.5)		 31.7
(89.1)		 31.7
(89.1)		 33.8
(92.8)		 28.5
(83.3)		 24.2
(75.6)		 17.6
(63.7)		 13.8
(56.8)		 33.8
(92.8)
Average high °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4)		 5.2
(41.4)		 7.9
(46.2)		 10.7
(51.3)		 14.9
(58.8)		 17.4
(63.3)		 19.7
(67.5)		 20.2
(68.4)		 17.6
(63.7)		 13.7
(56.7)		 9.3
(48.7)		 6.6
(43.9)		 12.4
(54.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8)		 3.0
(37.4)		 5.2
(41.4)		 7.6
(45.7)		 11.6
(52.9)		 14.2
(57.6)		 16.6
(61.9)		 16.9
(62.4)		 14.5
(58.1)		 11.0
(51.8)		 7.1
(44.8)		 4.6
(40.3)		 9.6
(49.3)
Average low °C (°F) 0.8
(33.4)		 0.6
(33.1)		 2.5
(36.5)		 4.4
(39.9)		 8.2
(46.8)		 10.9
(51.6)		 13.3
(55.9)		 13.5
(56.3)		 11.2
(52.2)		 8.0
(46.4)		 4.5
(40.1)		 2.3
(36.1)		 6.7
(44.1)
Record low °C (°F) −12.5
(9.5)		 −12.7
(9.1)		 −9.8
(14.4)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 0.5
(32.9)		 3.2
(37.8)		 8.4
(47.1)		 6.6
(43.9)		 4.4
(39.9)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 −10.9
(12.4)		 −12.7
(9.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 64
(2.52)		 40
(1.57)		 54
(2.13)		 35
(1.38)		 42
(1.65)		 53
(2.09)		 56
(2.2)		 60
(2.36)		 87
(3.43)		 90
(3.54)		 92
(3.62)		 71
(2.8)		 743
(29.25)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 71 96 143 201 220 245 231 218 155 131 72 63 1,846
Source: knmi.nl (Klimaatatlas van Nederland, normaalperiode 1971–2000), ISBN 90-389-1191-2 KNMI[6]

Transport

The town is served by two stations:

Den Helder can be reached by the following main roads:

These roads all have only two lanes. There's no highway leading to Den Helder.

Local government

The municipal council of Den Helder consists of 31 seats, which are divided as follows (as of 2014):

Notable people

In popular culture

The Frank Boeijen Groep song Haast (rust roest) contains the line " 's avonds in Den Helder". (English- Evenings in Den Helder)

The Rob de Nijs song Jan Klaassen de Trompetter contains the line "hij marcheerde van Den Helder tot Den Briel". (English- He marched from Den Helder to Den Briel)

Film shot in Den Helder

References

  1. ↑ "Samenstelling college" [Members of the board] (in Dutch). Gemeente Den Helder. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  2. ↑ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  3. ↑ "Postcodetool for 1784MC". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  4. ↑ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  5. ↑ Tony Jaques, Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z, p.1009
  6. ↑ http://www.knmi.nl

External links

Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Den Helder.
 Texel
Marsdiep
North Sea Balgzand (Wadden Sea)
   Den Helder  
Schagen Hollands Kroon
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