The Nashville Network

The Nashville Network
Launched March 7, 1983 (1983-03-07) (cable broadcast)
November 1, 2012 (2012-11-01) (digital broadcast)
Closed August 11, 2003 (2003-08-11) (cable broadcast)
Owned by WSM, Inc. (1983)
Gaylord Entertainment Company (1983–1997)
Group W Satellite Communications (1983–1995)
CBS Satellite Communications (1995–1997)
Westinghouse-CBS (1997–2000)
Viacom (2000)
Jim Owens Entertainment
(through The Nashville Network, LLC)
(2000-Present)
Headquarters Nashville, Tennessee, United States (original)
Concord, North Carolina, United States (original; TNN Motor Sports division)
Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States (revival)
Replaced by The National Network (Original)
Spike TV (Original)
Heartland (Revival)

The Nashville Network, usually referred to as TNN, was an American country music-oriented cable television network. Programming included music videos, taped concerts, movies, game shows, syndicated programs, and numerous talk shows. On September 25, 2000, after an attempt to attract younger viewers failed, TNN's country music format was changed and the network was renamed The National Network, eventually becoming Spike TV in 2003.

In 2012, the network was revived as a digital broadcast television network on November 1, 2012. The revival of The Nashville Network took on the name Heartland on October 9, 2013.

History

Beginnings

The Nashville Network was originally launched as a basic cable and satellite television network on March 7, 1983, operating from the now-defunct Opryland USA theme park near Nashville, Tennessee. Country Music Television (CMT), founded by Glenn D. Daniels, beat TNN's launch by two days, robbing TNN of the claim of being the "first country music cable television network".

TNN was originally owned by WSM, Inc., a subsidiary of National Life and Accident Insurance Company, and initially focused on country music-related original programming. TNN's flagship shows included Nashville Now and Grand Ole Opry Live, both of which were broadcast live from Opryland USA.[1][2] During TNN's first year of broadcasting, American General Corporation, parent company of NL&AIC, put the network up for sale in an effort to focus on its core businesses.

Gaylord ownership (1983–1997)

The Gaylord Entertainment Company purchased TNN and the Opryland properties in the latter half of 1983. Much of TNN's programming during the Gaylord era was originally produced by Opryland Productions, also owned by Gaylord Entertainment.[3] Programming included variety shows, talk shows, game shows (such as Fandango and Top Card), outdoors shows, and lifestyle shows, all centered in some way around country music.[4] Some of TNN's popular on-air talent included Miss America 1983 Debra Maffett (TNN Country News), and local Nashville media personalities Ralph Emery,[5] Dan Miller, Charlie Chase, Lorianne Crook and Gary Beaty, as well as established stars such as country music singer Bill Anderson and actresses Florence Henderson and Dinah Shore. TNN even created stars, such as wily fisherman Bill Dance.[6] Grand Ole Opry singer Bobby Lord, known for his skills as a sportsman, hosted the program Country Sportsman, featuring hunting and fishing excursions with various country stars. Inspired by ABC's The American Sportsman, the TNN show was later renamed Celebrity Sportsman after ABC objected to the similarity to their program. One of the most popular shows that aired on the network during this time was a variety show hosted by the country music quartet The Statler Brothers.

In 1991, Gaylord Entertainment purchased TNN's chief competitor, CMT, and operated it in tandem with TNN. CMT continued to show country music videos exclusively throughout Gaylord's ownership. Following the acquisition, TNN quickly phased out its music video blocks, while directing viewers to CMT for such fare.

In 1993, Ralph Emery began a short-lived retirement from broadcasting, and left Nashville Now in the process. Upon Emery's exit, the show was merged with fellow TNN program Crook & Chase and renamed Music City Tonight (hosted by Lorianne Crook and Charlie Chase).[7] In 1996, Crook and Chase left the show to relaunch their eponymous program in daytime syndication; it would return exclusively to TNN in 1997.[8] Meanwhile, Music City Tonight was again overhauled to more closely resemble its original Nashville Now format, but was rebranded as Prime Time Country. This version was originally hosted by actor Tom Wopat. He was later replaced with singer/songwriter Gary Chapman, who enjoyed relative success with the show until its cancellation in 1999 as part of the network's change of focus.

TNN had two subdivisions focused on specialty programming: TNN Outdoors and TNN Motor Sports.[9] TNN Outdoors was responsible for the programming of hunting and fishing shows, while TNN Motor Sports was responsible for production of all of the network's auto racing and motorsports coverage. Regarding the latter, NASCAR races (including those of the then-Winston Cup Series, Busch Grand National Series, and Craftsman Truck Series) were the most prominently featured. However, races of other series such as the International Motor Sports Association sports car series, ASA stock car series, World of Outlaws sprint car series, and the NHRA Winston Drag Racing series were also showcased, as were motorcycle and monster truck racing. TNN Outdoors and TNN Motor Sports also were marketed as separate entities, selling a variety of merchandise and being branded onto video games such as TNN Bass Tournament of Champions and TNN Outdoors Bass Tournament '96.

In 1995, the network's motorsports operations were moved into the industrial park located at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina, where TNN had purchased controlling interest in World Sports Enterprises, a motorsports production company. Notable TNN racing personalities included Mike Joy, Steve Evans, Eli Gold, Buddy Baker, Neil Bonnett, Randy Pemberton, Ralph Sheheen, Dick Berggren, Matt Yocum, Brock Yates, Paul Page, Don Garlits, Gary Gerould, Army Armstrong, and Rick Benjamin.

The outdoors and motorsports programs were so successful that, by the early 1990s, only those shows were seen on Sundays, with no musical programming.

Westinghouse-CBS/Viacom ownership (1997–2000)

TNN logo from 1997 to 2000.

Westinghouse Electric, who at the time owned the CBS network and had an existing relationship with TNN through its Group W division, purchased TNN and its sister network CMT outright in 1997 to form CBS Cable, along with a short-lived startup network entitled Eye On People.

Most of the original entertainment-oriented programming ceased production during this period, and the network began to rely more on TNN Outdoors and TNN Motor Sports for programming. The network's ties to CBS allowed it to pick up country-themed CBS dramas from the 1980s such as The Dukes of Hazzard and Dallas, and also allowed it to carry CBS Sports' overruns, which happened during a NASCAR Busch Series race at Texas Motor Speedway and also a PGA Tour event at Firestone Country Club.[1]

The late 1990s also saw the network's first attempts to distance itself from its country music/country lifestyle image and court a younger demographic. In 1998, the network dropped its "The Nashville Network" moniker and shortened its official name to TNN, and ownership shifted to Viacom in 2000 after that company's acquisition of Westinghouse's successor, CBS Corporation.[10] TNN subsequently moved from its original Nashville headquarters to New York City and was folded into Viacom's MTV Networks division; sister network CMT, however, remained in Nashville and began to venture away from 24/7 music videos, in favor of lifestyle programming. 1998 witnessed the premiere of RollerJam, which brought roller derby back to television for the first time in almost a decade. The next year, TNN began its relationship with professional wrestling, signing a three-year deal with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). ECW on TNN was the highest-rated show on TNN through 2000, despite limited advertising. ECW on TNN and RollerJam formed the core of the network's "Friday Night Thrill Zone" program block, which was responsible for an increase in the network's young male viewership on Friday nights.

Format change and relaunch as Spike (2000–present)

Main article: Spike (TV network)

In 2000, Viacom sensed redundancy among its TNN and CMT properties and, catalyzed by its acquisition of the rights to World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) programming, decided to refocus TNN. The network was renamed The National Network (later The New TNN) and reformatted to compete with TNT, TBS, and USA Network by attracting viewers in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic.[11] Prior to 2000, over half of TNN's viewers were 55 years old and over. Only one third of them were between the ages of 18 and 49, according to Nielsen Media Research.[11]

Some of TNN's programming included off-network sitcoms such as Diff'rent Strokes, WKRP in Cincinnati, The Wonder Years, and Taxi and the failed relaunch of The Ren & Stimpy Show and Ren & Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon". Eventually, male-oriented shows, such as Baywatch, Miami Vice, Monster Jam, Bull Riding, Robot Wars and Star Trek: The Next Generation were added to the network's lineup as the demographic was changed to target "young adult males". This change in the target demographic led The New TNN to be relaunched as Spike TV in August 2003, and then renamed to simply Spike in 2006.

Today, Spike is available in 96.1 million American homes, and the average age of its viewers is 42.[12] The network features re-runs of popular shows such as CSI, CSI: NY, Unsolved Mysteries, Married... with Children, UFC events, and various original programs and movies. It was also the home of the professional wrestling organization Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's flagship show Impact Wrestling until January 2015, when the show moved to Destination America.

Revival

On April 16, 2012, it was announced that Luken Communications and Jim Owens Entertainment would relaunch The Nashville Network as a digital broadcast television network on November 1, 2012.[13][14][15] Jim Owens Entertainment, producers of the Crook & Chase television program and the Crook & Chase Top 40 Countdown radio show (among other programs), acquired The Nashville Network trademark, logo, and some archived programming.[14]

On October 9, 2013, Jim Owens Entertainment's association with the network abruptly ended as Luken Communications filed for bankruptcy, and The Nashville Network name was changed to Heartland. The rebranded network carried the same format, but without much of the original TNN's archived programming.[16] As part of the split, Jim Owens Entertainment retained TNN's intellectual property.

Programming

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Good bye Nashville Network, Country Standard Time, November 2000
  2. ↑ Stengel, Richard (1983-03-21). "Country Comes to Cable". TIME.
  3. ↑ The Nashville Network Begins With Optimism, New York Times, March 11, 1983
  4. ↑ Banks, Jack (1996). Monopoly Television: MTV's Quest to Control the Music. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-8133-1821-1.
  5. ↑ 41st Annual CMA Awards | 2007 Hall of Fame Inductees
  6. ↑ Line from Bill
  7. ↑ "Music City Tonight" (1993)
  8. ↑ Crook & Chase - Lorianne and Charlie
  9. ↑ TNN Tribute
  10. ↑ Goodbye Nashville Network, Country Standard Time, November 2000
  11. 1 2 New TNN embraces populist culture, hopes to dethrone cable rating kings
  12. ↑ 'Unsolved Mysteries' Gets a New Look on Spike TV, Spike TV Press Release, April 7, 2008
  13. ↑ "Crook and Chase Stars Join Luken Communications at NAB to Announce the Return of The Nashville Network". Yahoo News. April 16, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  14. 1 2 Reynolds, Mike (April 16, 2012). "NAB: The Nashville Network Eyes New Verses as Digital Broadcast Network". Multichannel News. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  15. ↑ "The Nashville Network Returns". The Chattanoogan. April 16, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  16. ↑ Nashville Network Now The Heartland Network, TVNewsCheck, October 18, 2013.
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