The Sanctuary Sparrow

The Sanctuary Sparrow

First edition
Author	Ellis Peters
Series	Brother Cadfael
Genre	Mystery novel
Publisher	Macmillan
Publication date	1983
Media type	Print (Hardcover, Paperback) & audio book
Pages	192
ISBN	0-333-34239-9
OCLC	233809069
Preceded by	The Virgin in the Ice
Followed by	The Devil's Novice

The Sanctuary Sparrow is a medieval mystery novel by Ellis Peters, set in spring 1140. Published in 1983, it is the seventh novel in The Cadfael Chronicles.

The story opens during the midnight service at the Abbey, when a young man seeks sanctuary, just seconds ahead of a mob of locals fresh from a wedding feast, charging him with theft and murder.

The novel was the second of the series to be adapted for television in 1994 by Central for ITV.

Plot summary

The story takes place over 7 days in May 1140.

At the midnight services of Matins on a lovely May night, a boy speeds into the Abbey church just ahead of mob after him for theft and murder. Abbot Radulfus stops the mob, grants the victim's request for sanctuary and successfully orders the mob to return in quiet the next morning to discuss their charges. Liliwin is a wandering jongleur^[1] and entertainer, evicted from the goldsmith's wedding reception earlier for breaking a wine jug during his routine.

A sergeant under Sheriff Prestcote informs Liliwin that he is accused of assault and robbery. The boy's term of sanctuary will expire in forty days; if he leaves the grounds he will be taken – if lucky by the Sheriff's men, if not by the townspeople. Abbot Radulfus firmly asserts the rights of sanctuary for Lilliwin, who protests his innocence. Daniel Aurifaber, grandson of the house, then requests Brother Cadfael to treat his grandmother at their home.

Cadfael treats Dame Juliana, and interviews several in the household. He retrieves the juggling balls that Liliwin left behind. The greed of Dame Juliana permeates the household. Cadfael sees signs of Liliwin's innocence, expressing as much to Deputy Sheriff Hugh Beringar. Liliwin's only tears fall for the loss of his rebec, which Cadfael finds on a walk back to the Abbey.

When Liliwin hears that the young maid Rannilt has sympathy for him, he is pleased. Brother Anselm teaches him to read and write music and works to restore the rebec to condition. A weekend in the Abbey sees Liliwin begin to recover from his wounds in a true sanctuary. On Monday Rannilt visits Liliwin with food from Susanna, and discarded men's clothing from Margery. The two fall deeply in love, then make love and fall asleep behind the chapel altar during Vespers. Liliwin's absence is noted. Liliwin and Rannilt wake at Compline having slept too long. Liliwin escorts Rannilt home, the pair walking past the guards on duty to watch for him. He risks his sanctuary for her safety. Liliwin sees Daniel leave the Aurifaber home that evening, which he reports to Brother Cadfael.

At the river's edge, Cadfael comes upon the body of Baldwin Peche the locksmith, the same person sought by Madog of the Dead-boat. Madog and Cadfael find clues of where his body was put in the river the day before. The townspeople accuse Liliwin of this crime immediately. Liliwin lies to Hugh Beringar, who saves him from the crowd. Later Liliwin confesses his real guilt to Cadfael.

Margery lies to shield her new husband when Beringar questions her. Margery establishes her power and stops Daniel's wanderings, while removing the suspicion of murder from his head. Together Daniel and Margery confess the truth of Daniel's whereabouts the night of the murder to Hugh Beringar. Secure with her husband, Margery vies with her sister-in-law Susanna for the role of housekeeper. Susanna was not allowed a dowry by her father; she is the housekeeper for her father, brother and grandmother over 15 years. Margery wins. Dame Juliana decides this while Cadfael is present, to be effective the next morning. Susanna puts her housekeeping accounts in order. Her grandmother hears her late in the evening at this task and comes out to talk with her, giving a compliment on her management of the stores of oatmeal, which Rannilt overhears. Dame Juliana suffers her fatal stroke. Her dying words to Cadfael are that she wishes she could have held her great-grandchild.

The next day, Madog and Cadfael find the place of Baldwin Peche's murder, where the Aurifaber property meets the Severn. Three plants grow there, found on his body. Further clues of rocks and a coin there point to the murderer, and the thief. Cadfael, Beringar and Liliwin realise that while Susanna could not have attacked her father during the party, an accomplice could have done so. Then Susanna retrieved the treasure from the well bucket and hid it in that oatmeal bin when the men chased after the jongleur. When Peche's servant boy found a coin in the well bucket, Peche attempted to blackmail Susanna, a distinct mistake. Liliwin sees danger for his Rannilt.

Susanna killed Peche by hitting him with a rock and drowning him when he was unconscious, when he approached her in the midst of laundry day. She hid the body near the river where the laundry was dried, then gave Rannilt her holiday so no one would see the body where it fell, and her accomplice moved it by night. Cadfael realises that Susanna is pregnant and her accomplice is her lover. This is what Dame Juliana meant in her last words. Her lover is the Welsh journeyman Iestyn, and they will leave this night.

Liliwin secures his freedom from Hugh Beringar. Walter leads the pursuit of his own daughter. Beringar, Cadfael, Liliwin and the sheriff's men pursue Susanna, Iestyn and Rannilt, taken as a witness. They corner the fugitives in the Aurifaber horse barn near the road to Wales and a tense hostage situation develops. Iestyn negotiates with Beringar for safe passage for Susanna, in exchange for the release of Rannilt. Walter objects to any bargain that risks his money. Beringar is patient. Liliwin the acrobat climbs to the air vent, quietly peels away the lattice wood and enters the hay loft in search of Rannilt. As dawn breaks, Rannilt slips toward the exit as Iestyn goes for Liliwin with a knife. At the same moment, Susanna runs to Iestyn and takes the arrow meant for him. Hugh Beringar climbs to the loft to take Iestyn from his dead lover. Walter runs about gathering his coins, spread across the ground by the sorrowing Iestyn.

In the epilogue, Liliwin and Rannilt marry at the Abbey, and are compensated by the townsfolk for their mistaken judgment of the jongleur. Brother Anselm gave Liliwin his rebec, fully repaired. After the ceremony, Liliwin asks the fate of Iestyn. Beringar will argue in his favour, as Iestyn did no murder, what he stole is returned, and he acted at his lover's behest. Beringar sees a future for him. Liliwin and Rannilt set out on their new life.

Characters

• Brother Cadfael: Herbalist monk at Shrewbury Abbey. He is 60 years old in this story. A few months earlier, he became godfather to Giles Beringar, son of his friend Hugh.

• Abbot Radulfus: Head of the Benedictine Abbey of St Peter and St Paul. Described as tall with silver hair. He is somewhat authoritarian in his manner. Cadfael considers him a "hard man to read", "a hard man but fair" who is "as hard on himself as others" and a man who will "chastise where he sees fault but who'll stand by his own against any power when they are threatened blameless". They work together well in the two years since Radulfus became Abbot. He is fictional but based on the real abbot of this era (Ranulf in some records).^[2]
• Prior Robert Pennant: Prior Robert Pennant is portrayed as an aristocrat, concerned with status. He is offended by the presence of one who makes his living by entertaining people, bearing his presence only as a proper use of the right of sanctuary by the Abbot. He is fictional but based on a real man, who was Abbot after Radulfus.^[2]
• Brother Anselm: Precentor for the Abbey. In charge of the choirs and all music at the Abbey, he is talented in playing, directing, singing, and composing music, as well as repairing instruments.
• Brother Jerome: Confessor to the novices and clerk to Prior Robert. He is a rather petty man, jealous of his authority. He is not a tall man like Prior Robert, rather he is similar in size and shape, but not agility, to Liliwin, and twice his age.
• Brother Oswin: He is a young monk who is gaining in his skill as assistant to Brother Cadfael in the herbarium. He is about 19 or 20 years old, and was introduced in The Leper of Saint Giles.
• Liliwin: Young man of apparent Saxon heritage with fair hair and blue eyes. He is a jongleur^[1][3] with musical skills, working on his own. He is unsure of his parentage or age, perhaps 20, as he was raised by a troupe of jongleurs from his earliest memory. He is in Shrewsbury in hopes of work, which he finds at the wedding feast of Daniel Aurifaber.
• Dame Juliana Aurifaber: Mother to Walter, grandmother to Susanna and Daniel. She is 80 years old and in failing health, but still the force that energises the household of her son. She is greedy of money, and of her power over her family, harsh in punishment, miserly with the household goods in her day as housekeeper, and loathe to fully cede her power to supervise the household to the last minute of her life.
• Walter Aurifaber: Successful craftsman of Shrewsbury, the local goldsmith. He is widowed, father of Susanna and Daniel. He is perhaps late fifties in age, and both greedy and tightfisted with his money, like his mother, but weaker in character.
• Daniel Aurifaber: Son of Walter, younger brother of Susanna, newlywed husband of Margery. Trained as a goldsmith, Daniel stands to inherit his father's business and property, and is the spoiled favourite of both his father and grandmother. He is trained as a goldsmith, who works when his father keeps him at it. He is in his mid twenties.
• Susanna Aurifaber: Daughter of Walter, granddaughter of Juliana. She is the housekeeper for the last 15 years because her father will not grant her a dowry for her own marriage in her own social class. She is efficient, calm, hardworking, a match to her grandmother in force of character yet suffering from the main forces of the household. She is about 30 years old.
• Margery Aurifaber: Newlywed to Daniel as the novel opens. She is the only child of Edred Bele, a local cloth merchant. This was not a marriage of love, but a match of two with good expectations.
• Iestyn: Journeyman in Aurifaber goldsmith shop. He is Welsh, lives on their property, and is about 27 or 28.
• Rannilt: Young maid working under Susanna in the Aurifaber household. She is likely the child of unmarried parents in Wales, in her late teens, with dark hair and eyes.
• Baldwin Peche: Craftsman and local locksmith. He resides in a portion of the structure of the Aurifaber property, leased to him. He is an easy-going man, likes to fish the Severn and to keep up on the news of his neighbours. He is widowed, childless, in his fifties.
• John Boneth: Journeyman locksmith in the shop of Peche. He lives with his mother in the town, and will take over the shop as Peche has no son.
• Griffin: Boy in Peche household, age 13, helps in all household duties. He is considered slow by many but able to perform many tasks, and loyal to his master, who values him. He found the coin left in the water bucket the morning after the marriage feast, then gave it to his master.
• Cecily Corde: Young and attractive second wife of wool merchant Ailwin Corde, about 60. She is also the sometime paramour of Daniel Aurifaber. She is 23 years old.
• Madog of the Dead-Boat: Welsh man, expert on the Severn. He specialises in knowing the river's currents and where items lost in the river will wash-up on the shoreline.
• Deputy Sheriff Hugh Beringar: Second to Sheriff Prestcote, both firmly in King Stephen's service. A young man about 25 years old but a close companion to Brother Cadfael in the search for truth. He owns manors and is trained in the arts of war, and enforcing the King's peace in Shropshire. Introduced in One Corpse Too Many; married to Aline and father of the infant Giles, who was himself introduced in The Virgin in the Ice.
• Aline Beringar: Wife of Hugh and mother of young Giles. She takes Rannilt for a few days to ready her for her wedding, after all the excitement. She was introduced in One Corpse Too Many.

Allusions/References to Fact and Current Theory

The novel is set in the real town of Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England.

Shrewsbury Abbey is a real abbey.^[4] Abbot Radulfus and Prior Robert Pennant are both real historical figures. Robert Pennant eventually succeeded Radulfus in 1148.^[5]

The body of the murder victim is found in the Severn river. Three plants growing in proximity are crucial clues for ascertaining where the murder took place: water crowfoot, alder, and the less common fox-stone (orchis masculata).^[6]

The story takes place during The Anarchy, a term referring to the 19-year civil war between King Stephen and his cousin the Empress Maud. This story is set at a moment of relative peace in Shrewsbury from the never-ending contention, with a focus on local events.

The plot relies in part on the Middle Ages practice in England of sanctuary from the civil authorities if a fugitive stays in a sacred place like a church. In this story, the time of sanctuary allowed the real culprits to be identified, saving a man of a lower class, the jongleur entertaining at the home of a goldsmith, from undeserved punishment.

Where the jongleur is here portrayed as the lower class but more diverse performer compared to the troubadour becoming common in this era (compare to the character Rémy of Pertuis in The Holy Thief), the character introduces much description of music, musicians, their skills and their instruments in the twelfth century in the story. The jongleur is an acrobat, a juggler, a singer and player of musical instruments. The jongleur Liliwin relies on a rebec to make music. He is a singer with his voice in the high range, as noted by the Precentor Brother Anselm. The Precentor^[7] is completely absorbed in music in his life as a monk, guiding the singing for daily services in the monastery, composing music for special Masses, and educated in both reading and writing the notes, a skill he teaches the jongleur Liliwin. The Precentor is also skilled in making and maintaining musical instruments. He repairs the broken rebec, and shares use of the portative organ with Liliwen, who quickly learns how to play it.

Themes in The Sanctuary Sparrow

Greed and love are intertwined themes in this story. Even in a society where everyone seems to have a place, greed as a main force in a household can pervert the strongest love.^[8][9]

Critical reception

The website of the Little, Brown Book Group quotes two favourable reviews.

• "Medieval England comes marvelously alive." – Washington Post^[10]
  

• "Murderous through they be, the Ellis Peters books set in 12th Century Britain have the freshness of a new world at dawn… Peters weaves a complex, colourful and at times quite beautiful tapestry. Medieval of course.' – Houston Post^[10]

"Goodtoread.org", an independent, Christian-orientated organisation, which reviews books on behalf of parents, calls Peter's writing style "consistently agreeable" and the novel's deathbed scene and comments on piety "edifying", but considers the book "marred by extra-marital lovemaking" and "less wholesome than one expects".^[11]

Kirkus Reviews finds this story of greed to be a bit sentimental:

More puzzles to be solved and innocents to be saved—as wise Brother Cadfael again works herbal wonders in his 12th-century Benedictine monastery. Cadfael's primary concern this time: Liliwin, a young, half-starved, itinerant juggler who is accused of murdering and robbing goldsmith Walter Aurifaber. Convinced of the lad's innocence, Cadfael helps him to take church-sanctuary from a vengeful mob. And the monk then turns sleuth, of course, looking into both the attack on Aurifaber and the subsequent drowning of Aurifaber's tenant, locksmith Baldwin Peche. Some of the suspects within the miserly Aurifaber household: newly married son Daniel; his bride Margery, jealous of sister-in-law Susanna (a competent, 30-ish spinster who runs the household); maid-of-all-work Rannilt, who has fallen in love with Liliwin; and even Waiter's sick, ill-tempered, still-powerful mother, who eventually backs Margery in the feud with Susanna—a dramatic turn of events that leads to the exposure of the killer and the transformation of Liliwin into a hero. Much the same mixture as before, with a little more sentiment and a little less action—but a welcome treat for Brother Cadfael fans.

Pub Date: Nov. 18th, 1983

Publisher: Morrow^[12]

Publishers Weekly reviewed an audio edition in 1992 for the plot structure:

This seventh installment in the Brother Cadfael series could be faulted for revealing the murderer's identity a bit too soon, but the riveting climax more than compensates for the early disclosure. Sister M. Anna Falbo CSSF Villa Maria Coll. Lib. Buffalo NY August 1, 1992^[13]

Adaptations

The Sanctuary Sparrow was the second Cadfael story to be adapted for television. It was produced in Britain by Central for ITV in 1994, as a 75 minutes episode. It was mostly filmed on location in Hungary, starred Sir Derek Jacobi as Cadfael and featured Sean Pertwee as Sheriff Hugh Beringar, Steven Mackintosh as Liliwin and Sara Stephens as Rannilt. Prior Robert was portrayed by Michael Culver.^[14]

The episode was one of four released in an audio format with linking narration by Acorn Media.

Publication history

• 1982, United Kingdom, Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-333-34239-8, 13 January 1982, Hardback^[15]
• 1983, USA, William Morrow & Co, ISBN 978-0-688-02252-5, October 1983, Hardback^[15]
• 1984, United Kingdom, Sphere, ISBN 978-0-7515-1107-9, 8 November 1984, Paperback^[15]
• 1984, USA, Fawcett Books, ISBN 978-0-449-20613-3, December 1984, Paperback^[15]
• 1985, United Kingdom, Ulverscroft Large Print, ISBN 978-0-7089-1288-1, April 1985, Hardback^[15]
• 1991, United Kingdom, Futura, ISBN 978-0-7088-2584-6, 1 November 1991, Paperback^[15]
• 1994, United Kingdom, Futura, ISBN 978-0-7088-1107-8,1994, Paperback^[15]
• 1995, USA, Mysterious Press, ISBN 978-0-446-40429-7, August 1995, Paperback^[15]
• 1999, USA, Thorndike Press, ISBN 978-0-7862-1599-7, January 1999, Paperback^[15]
• 1999, United Kingdom, Chivers Press, ISBN 978-0-7540-1191-0, January 1999, Hardback^[15]
• 2012, United Kingdom, Sphere, ISBN 9780751547085, April 2012, paperback^[15]

The book is available as an audio book from a variety of publishers and with various voice talents, with thirteen editions released from 1992 by Chivers to the most recent in August 2012 by Blackstone Audiobooks(ISBN 1441751661 / 9781441751669).^[15]

References

1. "The Jongleur". Mills Music Library UWM. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013.
2. "History". Shrewsbury Abbey.
3. "jongleur". Wiktionary. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
4. "Shrewsbury Abbey".
5. Talbot, Rob; Robin Whiteman (1990). Cadfael Country. Little, Brown and Company. p. 74. ISBN 0-316-90562-3.
6. James Britten, Robert Holland (1886). A Dictionary of English Plant-Names Part 2. London: Richard Clay & Sons. pp. 192, 596. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
7. H. Henry (1911). "Precentor". The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: NewAdvent.org. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
8. "Review".
9. "Review". Dwell in Possibility.
10. Ellis Peters (2007). "The Sanctuary Sparrow". Little Brown & Company. Retrieved 14 December 2011.[Dead link 27 July 2012]
11. "The Sanctuary Sparrow". A parent's guide to children's books. goodtoread.org. 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
12. Ellis Peters. "The Sanctuary Sparrow". KirkusReviews.com. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
13. Publishers Weekly via EBSCO accessed 30 September 2012
14. The Sanctuary Sparrow at the Internet Movie Database
15. "The Sanctuary Sparrow (Cadfael book 7)". fantasticfiction.co.uk. 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2013.

External links

• "The Sanctuary Sparrow" at the Internet Movie Database