Thomas Burgh, 1st Baron Burgh

Sir Thomas Burgh
Baron Burgh of Gainsborough Baron Strabolgi Baron Cobham of Sterborough
Spouse(s)	Agnes Tyrwhitt Alice London
Issue Sir Edward Burgh Sir Thomas Burgh William Burgh, 2nd Baron Burgh Anne Burgh Margaret Burgh Agnes Burgh Henry Burgh Eleanor Burgh Dorothy Burgh Elizabeth Burgh John Burgh Richard Burgh
Father	Edward Burgh, 2nd Baron Burgh
Mother	Anne Cobham
Born	c. 1488 Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England
Died	28 February 1550
Buried	Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England

Arms of Sir Thomas Burgh, at the time of his installation as a knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter

Thomas Burgh, 1st Baron Burgh also spelt Borough, KG (c. 1488 – 28 February 1550), 1st Baron Borough of Gainsborough, also de jure 5th Baron Strabolgi and 7th Baron Cobham of Sterborough, was an English peer. In 1513 he was knighted on Flodden Field, where he was one of the King's Spears, a bodyguard of King Henry VIII. He was a Member of Parliament in 1529 and later became Lord Chamberlain to Anne Boleyn. He was also one of the twenty-six Peers summoned to the trial of Anne Boleyn in May 1536.^[1]

Life

Thomas Burgh, also spelt "Borough", was born about 1488 at Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, the eldest son of Edward Burgh, 2nd Baron Burgh (c.1463-1528) and Anne Cobham, suo jure 6th Baroness Cobham, daughter of Sir Thomas Cobham, de jure 5th Baron Cobham of Sterborough and Lady Anne Stafford, a daughter of the 1st Duke of Buckingham.^[2]

His father, Edward, succeeded as 2nd Baron of Gainsborough on 18 March 1495/96, but was never summoned to Parliament and the barony created for his grandfather in 1487 is considered to have become extinct on his death in 1496. However, after his father was found a lunatic in December 1529, Sir Thomas Burgh, was summoned to the House of Lords as Lord Burgh, of Gainsborough in the County of Lincoln. He had already succeeded his father as de jure fifth Baron Strabolgi and seventh Baron Cobham, an honour he inherited from his mother, although he was never summoned to Parliament in this title or confirmed in it.^[3] He was knighted in 1513 and served as High Sheriff of Lincolnshire in 1518 and 1524.

Sir Thomas's country seat was at Gainsborough Old Hall. He was an over-bearing father, given to violent rages, who ruled with an iron hand, requiring absolute obedience. Some time after 1529, he had his daughter-in-law, Elizabeth Owen, thrown out of the household and her children with his younger son Thomas Burgh were declared bastards. Sir Thomas's own children lived in fear of their father.^[4]

Sir Thomas was opinionated on matters of religion and was a passionate supporter of the new reformed religion which was being introduced to England. Burgh had an ambitious reform-minded chaplain with whom he discussed his opinions in the matter of religion. When his chaplain went to London to find a new patron in Thomas Cromwell, Burgh wrote asking that he be returned immediately.^[5][6]

In May 1533, at the celebrations for the coronation of Anne Boleyn, Borough was severely rebuked for "ripping Queen Catherine of Aragon's [coat of] arms off her barge and for seizing the barge". Having been appointed as Boleyn's lord chamberlain, Borough maintained a high profile and rode in her barge as she was received at the Tower on her coronation day. Appearing in the procession he wore a surcoat and mantle of white cloth of tissue and ermine as he held the middle of Anne Boleyn's coronation train.^[5][7]

It was thought until recently that Thomas's father Edward Burgh, 2nd Baron Burgh, had married Catherine Parr in 1529, but the 2nd Baron died in August 1528.^[3][8] Through the recent research of contemporaneous documents, including the will of Catherine's mother, by the biographers Susan James, Linda Porter, David Starkey, and Alison Weir, it has been established that she married the 2nd Baron's grandson, who shared his grandfather's first name.^{[1][8][9][10]} Sir Edward Borough was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Borough. In the will of Maud Parr dated May 1529, she mentioned Sir Thomas, father of Edward, saying I am indebted to Sir Thomas Borough, knight, for the marriage of my daughter. At the time of his son's marriage, Thomas was thirty-five, which would have made Edward around Catherine's age.^[8] Sir Edward was in his twenties and may have been in poor health. He served as a feoffee for Thomas Kiddell and as a justice of the peace. According to Susan James and Linda Porter, Sir Edward Borough died in the spring of 1533, never holding the title of Lord Borough.^[5][8] Other sources state before April 1533.^[1]

Marriage and issue

Burgh married three times; firstly in 1496, Agnes Tyrwhitt, a daughter of Sir William Tyrwhitt,^[3] with whom he had at least twelve children. He married secondly Alice London, and lastly Margaret de Ros, but had no further issue by either.

Burgh died in February 1550 and was succeeded in the barony by his third son, William. His second wife, Alice, died in 1559.

Issue by Agnes Tyrwhitt:

• Sir Edward Burgh (c. 1508-before April 1533), eldest son and heir to Lord Borough, married Catherine Parr, without issue.^{[1][5][8][9][11]}
• Sir Thomas Burgh (d. 1542), who married Elizabeth Owen, and had issue. Elizabeth was thrown out by her father-in-law and their children were declared bastards by his father, Lord Borough. The barony was thus inherited by his younger brother, Sir William Burgh.^[1][5]
• William Burgh, 2nd Baron Burgh, de jure 6th Baron Strabolgi,^[3] (c. 1521-10 September 1584), married Lady Katherine Clinton, daughter of Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln and Elizabeth Blount, a former mistress of King Henry VIII. They were the parents of Thomas Burgh, 3rd Baron Burgh.^[1][12][13]
• Henry Burgh (c. 1522-22 April 1557), from which the Burghs of Stow are descended.^[1]
• Anne Burgh (c.1500-1582), married John Bussy of Hougham, Esq. who died in 1541. She married secondly, before 1550, Sir Anthony Neville.^[1]
• Margaret Burgh (d. 1552), married Robert Topcliffe of Somerby, Esq. (d. 1544).^[1]
• Agnes Burgh, married John Bassett of Fledborough, Esq.^[1]
• Eleanor Burgh, married firstly Sir William Musgrave, and secondly, as his second wife, Edmund Croftes (d. 14 February 1558) of Westow Hall in Little Saxham, Suffolk, son and heir of Sir John Croftes (d. 28 January 1558), by whom she had a son, John, and two daughters, Margaret and Alice.^[1][14]
• Dorothy Burgh, became a nun.^[1]
• Elizabeth Burgh, became a nun.^[1]
• John Burgh (living in 1550).^[1]
• Richard Burgh (living in 1550).^[1]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Thomas Burgh, 1st Baron Burgh

16. Sir Hugh Burgh[15]               8. Sir Thomas Burgh of Gainsborough                       17. Elizabeth Bruce[16]               4. Thomas Burgh of Gainsborough                             18. Sir Thomas Percy of Northumberland               9. Elizabeth Percy[15]                       19. Elizabeth of Atholl Strathbogie               2. Edward Burgh, 2nd Baron Burgh                                   20. William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros               10. Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros                       21. Margaret Fitzalan               5. Margaret Ros                             22. Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick               11. Lady Eleanor Beauchamp                       23. Elizabeth de Berkeley, Countess of Warwick               1. Sir Thomas Burgh, 1st Baron Burgh                                         24. Reginald Cobham, 2nd Baron Cobham[17]               12. Reginald de Cobham, 3rd Baron Cobham                       25. Eleanor Maltravers, 2nd Baroness Maltravers[17]               6. Thomas Cobham, 5th Baron Cobham[2]                             26. Sir Thomas Culpepper of Bayhall[18]               13. Eleanor Culpepper                       27. Alianore Greene[18]               3. Anne Cobham                                   28. Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford               14. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham                       29. Anne of Gloucester               7. Lady Anne Stafford[2]                             30. Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland               15. Lady Anne Neville                       31. Lady Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland

Notes

1. Cole, Robert Eden George, History of the manor and township of Doddington, otherwise Doddington-Pigot, in the county of Lincoln and its successive owners, with pedigrees, (James Williamson, Printer, 1897), pp 41-50
2. Sir Bernard Burke. A genealogical history of the dormant, abeyant, forfeited, and extinct peerages of the British empire (Google eBook)
3. Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 1, page 587.
4. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII.
5. James, Susan E., Kateryn Parr: The Making of a Queen (Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 1999), pp 60-63
6. Willen (1989) 148-152
7. Eric Ives, The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn (Wiley-Blackwell, 2004) p. 212
8. Linda Porter, Katherine, the Queen (Macmillan, 2010)
9. David Starkey. Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII. HarperCollins, 2004. pg 697.
10. Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 154
11. Douglas Richardson, Kimball G. Everingham, Magna Carta ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families (Genealogical Publishing Company, 2005), p. 838
12. Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 1, page 587.
13. George Edward Cokayne, Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, Volume 2 (G. Bell & sons, 1889), pp 76 and 77
14. Rokewood 1838, pp. 135–6
15. Sir Bernard Burke. Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage, 1938 ed., pg 1523.
16. George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, Vol. VIII, p. 262-3.
17. Col. F.W.T. Attree R.E./F.S.A. & Rev. J.H.L. Booker M.A., The Sussex Colepepers, Part I, Sussex Archaeological Collections, XLVII, 47-81, (1904)
18. Sussex Archeological Collections, Sussex, England: Sussex Archaeological Society. Janet H. Stevenson, Alexander Nesbitt, a Sussex antiquary, and the Oldlands estate, 1999, Volume 137, pages 163-164.

References

• Rokewode, Joseph Gage (1838). The History and Antiquities of Suffolk; Thingoe Hundred. London: Samuel Bentley. pp. 134–6. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
• Welch, Charles, rev. Ian W. Archer (2004). "Kitson, Sir Thomas (1485–1540)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15833. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Cokayne, George Edward, ed. (1913). Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant (Canonteign to Cutts) 3. London: The St. Catherine Press, ltd. p. 355.
• Cole, Robert Eden George (1897). History of the manor and township of Doddington, otherwise Doddington-Pigot, in the county of Lincoln and its successive owners, with pedigrees. James Williamson, Printer. pp. 41–50.
• Kidd, Charles; Williamson, David, eds. (1990). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. New York: St Martin's Press.
• Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages