Three Sisters Wilderness

Three Sisters Wilderness
IUCN category Ib (wilderness area)

Aerial view of the wilderness, showing Middle Sister (left) and South Sister
Location Lane / Deschutes counties, Oregon, USA
Nearest city Sisters, OR (20 miles NE)
Bend, OR (20 miles E)
Coordinates 44°05′00″N 121°57′00″W / 44.08333°N 121.95000°W / 44.08333; -121.95000Coordinates: 44°05′00″N 121°57′00″W / 44.08333°N 121.95000°W / 44.08333; -121.95000
Area 286,708 acres (1,160 km²)
Established September 3, 1964 (date of official designation under the Wilderness Act)[1]
Governing body U.S. Forest Service

The Three Sisters Wilderness is a wilderness area in the Cascade Range, within the Willamette and Deschutes National Forests in Oregon. It comprises 286,708 acres (1,160.27 km2), making it the second largest wilderness area in Oregon, after the Eagle Cap Wilderness. It was established by the United States Congress in 1964 and is named for the Three Sisters, three volcanoes. The wilderness boundary encloses the Three Sisters as well as Broken Top, which is southeast of South Sister.[2]

Oregon Route 242 separates the Three Sisters Wilderness from the Mount Washington Wilderness to the north, while the Waldo Lake Wilderness shares the southern boundary.[2]

Geology

Many types of landforms make up the wilderness area, but the most common are volcanic features, the most notable being the Cascades which are stratovolcanoes having formed around 1.6 million years ago.[3] Numerous cinder cones have formed on their flanks as well as many lava flows that contain hundreds of lava tubes.[4]

Proxy Falls in the wilderness

Topography

The Three Sisters Wilderness ranges in elevation from 2,000 to 10,358 feet (610 to 3,157 m). The Three Sisters—North Sister at 10,085 feet (3,074 m), Middle Sister at 10,047 feet (3,062 m), and South Sister at 10,358 feet (3,157 m)—are found in the eastern portion of the Wilderness. Including Broken Top—just to the south at 9,175 feet (2,797 m)—there are 14 glaciers offering one of the best examples of the effects of glaciation in the Pacific Northwest. Collier Glacier, between North and Middle Sister, is the largest glacier in Oregon.[2] The headwaters of the Wild and Scenic Whychus Creek (formerly Squaw Creek[5]) emerge in the Wilderness.[2]

Vegetation

Forest cover in the Three Sisters Wilderness includes Douglas fir, Pacific silver fir, subalpine fir, mountain hemlock, western hemlock, lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine. A large area of the Wilderness above timberline contains alpine meadows.[6]

Recreation

Popular recreational activities in the Three Sisters Wilderness include camping, hiking, climbing, and fishing. South Sister and Middle Sister are not technically difficult climbs, but summiting North Sister requires technical expertise and equipment. More than 260 miles (420 km) of trails cross the wilderness, including 40 miles (64 km) of the Pacific Crest Trail.[6] The 9.8-mile (15.8 km) French Pete Trail and its surrounding old-growth forest, a nationwide political issue in the 1970s, are located on the western edge of the wilderness near Cougar Reservoir.[7]

Hikers in the wilderness south of South Sister

See also

References

  1. ↑ Hendee, John C.; Canon, Jr., William R.; Marlow, Larry D.; Brockman, C. Frank (1968). "Wilderness Users in the Pacific Northwest - Their Characteristics, Values, and Management Preferences" (PDF). U.S.D.A. Forest Service Research Paper PNW-61. U.S. Forest Service. p. 6. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Three Sisters Wilderness - Wilderness.net
  3. ↑ "Geologic Provinces of the United States: Pacific". USGS. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  4. ↑ Matt Skeels. "The Caves of Central Oregon". Oregon High Desert Grotto. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  5. ↑ "Forest Service Proposes Central Oregon Name Changes". United States Forest Service. August 19, 2005. Archived from the original on August 13, 2007.
  6. 1 2 Three Sisters Wilderness - Willamette National Forest
  7. ↑ Sullivan, William L. 100 Hikes in the Central Oregon Cascades (2004 ed.). Eugene, Oregon: Navillus Press. pp. 158–159. ISBN 0-9618152-6-4.

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