Timeline of Chicago history
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States.
Early America
- 1673: French-Canadian explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet, on their way to Québec, pass through the area that will become Chicago.
- 1677, Father Calude Allouez arrived to try to convert the natives to Christianity
- 1682: French explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, passes through Chicago en route to the mouth of the Mississippi River.
- 1696: Jesuit missionary Francois Pinet founds the Mission of the Guardian Angel. It is abandoned four years later.
- 1705: Conflicts develop between French traders and the Fox tribe of Native Americans.
- 1780s: Jean Baptiste Point du Sable establishes Chicago's first permanent settlement near the mouth of the Chicago River.
- 1795: Six square miles (16 km²) of land at the mouth of the Chicago River are reserved by the Treaty of Greenville for use by the United States.
- 1796: Kittahawa, du Sable's Potawatomi Indian wife, delivers Eulalia Point du Sable, Chicago's first recorded birth.
 |
19th century
1800s-1840s
- 1803: The U.S. Army constructs Ft. Dearborn near the mouth of the Chicago River.
- 1812
- June 17, Jean La Lime is killed by John Kinzie, making him the first recorded murder victim in Chicago.
- August 15, the Battle of Fort Dearborn.
- 1816: The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri. Ft. Dearborn is rebuilt.
- 1818: December 3, Illinois joins the union.
- 1837
- C. D. Peacock jewelers was founded. It is the oldest Chicago business still operating today.
- Chicago receives its first charter.[1]
- Rush Medical College is founded two days before the city was chartered. It is the first medical school in the state of Illinois which is still operating.
- 1840
- July 10, Chicago's first legally executed criminal, John Stone was hanged for the rape and murder of Lucretia Thompson, a farmer's wife.
- August 4, Chicago is surveyed and platted for the first time by James Thompson.
- 1847: June 10, The first issue of the Chicago Tribune is published.
- 1848
- Chicago Board of Trade opens on April 3 by 82 local businessmen.
- Illinois and Michigan Canal opens and traffic begins moving through the city at a much higher rate.
- Galena and Chicago Union Railroad enters operation becoming the first railroad in Chicago
1850s-1890s
- 1851: Chicago's first institution of higher education, Northwestern University, is founded.
- 1852: Mercy Hospital becomes the first hospital in Illinois.
- 1853: October: State Convention of the Colored Citizens held in city.[2]
- 1854: A cholera epidemic took the lives of 5.5% of the population of Chicago.[3]
- 1855: April 21, Lager Beer Riot.
- 1856: Chicago Historical Society founded.
- 1857
- Iwan Ries & Co. Chicago's oldest family-owned business opens. Still in operation today, it is the oldest family-owned tobacco shop in the country.
- Mathias A. Klein & Sons(Klein Tools Inc.), Still family owned and run today by fifth and sixth generation Klein's.
- 1860
- September 8, the Lady Elgin Disaster.
- Population: 112,172.[4]
- 1866: Chicago Academy of Design founded.
- 1867: Construction began on the Water Tower designed by architect W. W. Boyington.
- 1868: Rand McNally is formed as a railway guide company.
- 1870: Population: 298,977.[4]
- 1871: October 8–October 10, the Great Chicago Fire.[5]
- 1872: Montgomery Ward in business.
- 1878
- Chicago Academy of Fine Arts established.
- Conservator newspaper begins publication.[6][7]
- 1880: Polish National Alliance headquartered in city.
- 1885: Home Insurance Building is world's first skyscraper.[8][9]
- 1886: May 4, the Haymarket Riot.[10]
- 1887: Newberry Library established.
- 1889 - Hull House founded.[11]
- 1890: The University of Chicago is founded by John D. Rockefeller.
- 1892
- June 6, The Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad, Chicago's first 'L' line, went into operation.
- Masonic Temple is, for two years, the tallest building in the world, using highest occupied floor criteria.
- 1893
- May 1–October 30, The World's Columbian Exposition (World's Fair); World's Parliament of Religions held.[12]
- October 28, Mayor Carter Harrison, Sr. was assassinated by Patrick Eugene Prendergast.[13]
- Sears, Roebuck and Company in business.
- First Ferris wheel built by George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr..
- Art Institute of Chicago building opens.
- Universal Peace Congress held.[14]
- Chicago Civic Federation founded.[13]
- 1894
- May 11–August 2, the Pullman Strike.[10]
- Ženské Listy women's magazine begins publication.[15][16]
- 1896
- 1896 Democratic National Convention held; Bryan delivers Cross of Gold speech.[17]
- Abeny beauty shop[18] and Tonnesen Sisters photo studio[19] in business.
- 1897: The Union Loop Elevated is completed.
- 1899
- Municipal Art League founded.[20]
- Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building constructed.
20th century
1900s-1940s
See also: Chicago in the 1930s
- 1900
- Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal opens;[21] the Chicago River is completely reversed.
- Municipal Reference Library active (approximate date).[22]
- Population: 1,698,575.[20]
- 1903
- December 30, Iroquois Theater Fire
- City Club of Chicago formed.
- 1905
- The Industrial Workers of the World was founded in June[23]
- Chicago Defender newspaper begins publication.[24]
- 1906
- The Chicago White Sox defeated the Chicago Cubs in the only all-Chicago World Series
- Sinclair's fictional The Jungle published.[10]
- 1907: Adolph Kroch opens a bookstore which will evolve into Kroch’s and Brentano’s
- 1908
- The Chicago Cubs win the World Series for the second year in a row
- Binga Bank in business.[25]
- 1909: Burnham's Plan of Chicago presented.[10]
- 1910: Population: 2,185,283.[20]
- 1913
- Great Lakes Storm of 1913
- Wabash Avenue YMCA opens.[26]
- 1914: Alpha Suffrage Club active.[27]
- 1915: July 24, the SS Eastland Disaster.
- 1918: Micheaux Film and Book Company in business.[28]
- 1919
- July 27, the Chicago race riot of 1919.
- Real estate broker Archibald Teller opened the first Fannie May candy store.
- 1922: Chicago Council on Global Affairs established.[29]
- 1925
- Goodman Theatre established.
- The Tribune Tower was completed on Michigan Avenue. The building's large Gothic entrance contains pieces of stone from other famous buildings: Westminster Abbey, Cologne Cathedral, the Alamo, the Taj Mahal, the Great Pyramid, and the Arc de Triomphe.
- 1927: Originally called the Chicago Municipal Airport, Chicago Midway International Airport opened. It was renamed in 1949 to honor the Battle of Midway in World War II. Midway was the world's busiest airport until 1959.
- 1929
- February 14, the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.[17][30]
- Oscar De Priest becomes U.S. representative for Illinois's 1st congressional district.[31][32]
- 1930
- May 30, Shedd Aquarium opens.
- The Merchandise Mart was built for Marshall Field & Co. The $32 million, 4.2 million square foot (390,000 m²) building was the world's largest commercial building. It was sold it to Joseph P. Kennedy in 1945.
- Adler Planetarium opened, through a gift from local merchant Max Adler. It was the first planetarium in the Western Hemisphere.[33]
- 1933: March 6, Mayor Anton Cermak was killed while riding in a car with President-elect Roosevelt. The assassin was thought to have been aiming for Roosevelt.
- 1933-34: Century of Progress World's Fair.
- 1934: July 22, John Dillinger was shot by the FBI in the alley next to the Biograph Theater.[17]
- 1935
- January 19, Coopers Inc. sells the world's first briefs.
- Jay Berwanger of the University of Chicago is awarded the very first Heisman Trophy
- 1938: Community Factbook begins publication.[34]
- 1944: Premiere of Williams' play The Glass Menagerie.
- 1945: Ebony magazine begins publication.[35]
- 1948: Chicago Daily Sun and Times newspaper begins publication.[6]
1950s-1990s
- 1950: Chess Records in business.[36]
- 1954: Johnson Products Company in business.
- 1955: The first McDonald's franchise restaurant, owned by Ray Kroc, opened in the suburb of Des Plaines.
- 1958
- December 1, Our Lady of the Angels School Fire.
- The last streetcar ran in the city. At one time, Chicago had the largest streetcar system in the world.
- 1959: Second City comedy troupe active.
- 1960
- September 26: Nixon-Kennedy televised presidential debate held.[17]
- The first of the Playboy Clubs, featuring bunnies, opened in Chicago.
- 1963 - Donald Rumsfeld becomes U.S. representative for Illinois's 13th congressional district.[37]
- 1967: January 26–January 27, Major snowstorm deposits 23 inches of snow, closing the city for several days.
- 1968: August 26–August 29, 1968 Democratic National Convention.
- 1969
- October: Weathermen's antiwar demonstration.[38]
- December 4: Black Panther Fred Hampton assassinated.
- The Chicago 8 trial opens.
- The 100-floor John Hancock Center was built.
- 1970
- Soul Train television program begins broadcasting.
- Casa Aztlán (organization) founded.[39]
- 1971: Segundo Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center founded.[40]
- 1972: Vietnam Veterans Against the War headquartered in Chicago.
- 1973: Sears Tower, the tallest building in the world for next 30 years, was completed.
- 1974: Steppenwolf Theatre Company founded.
- 1977: Chicago Marathon begins.[36]
- 1978
- Heavy snowstorm and city's perceived slow response lead to upset of incumbent mayor.
- First BBS goes online on February 16.
- 1979
- May 25, the American Airlines Flight 191 crashes.
- Chicago's first female mayor, Jane M. Byrne, takes office.
- Woodstock Institute headquartered in city.[41]
- 1983
- Harold Washington became the first African-American mayor.[42]
- Ordinance banning handguns takes effect.[30][43]
- 1984
- The Chicago Cubs reach the postseason for the first time since 1945
- Heartland Institute headquartered in city.[44]
- 1986
- Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions, Inc. in business.
- The Chicago Bears win Super Bowl XX
- 1988
- Lights are installed in Wrigley Field
- Christian Peacemaker Teams headquartered in city.[44]
- 1990: Population: 2,783,726.[4]
- 1992: April 13, the Chicago Flood.
- 1995
- The Chicago Heat Wave of 1995.
- Your Radio Playhouse begins broadcasting.
- Kroch’s and Brentano’s, once the largest privately owned bookstore chain in the US, closes.
- 1996 - City website online (approximate date).[45][46]
- 1998: The Chicago Bulls won their sixth NBA championship in eight years
21st century
- 2001: Chicago International Speedway is opened.
- 2002: Lakeview Polar Bear Club founded.
- 2003
- Meigs Field closed.
- Chicago Film Archives founded.
- 2004: Millennium Park opens.[47]
- 2005: The Chicago White Sox win their first World Series in 88 years
- 2006
- May 1, the 2006 U.S. immigration reform protests draw over 400,000
- Cloud Gate artwork installed in Millennium Park.
- 2008: November 4, US President-elect Barack Obama makes his victory speech in Grant Park.
- 2010
- June 28: US supreme court case McDonald v. City of Chicago decided; overturns city handgun ban.[43]
- Chicago Blackhawks win the Stanley Cup.
- City of Chicago Data Portal launched.
- Population: 2,695,598.[48]
- 2011
- Rahm Emanuel becomes mayor.
- Population: 2,707,120; metro 9,504,753.[49]
- 2012: 38th G8 summit and 2012 Chicago Summit are to take place in Chicago.
- 2013
- Chicago Blackhawks win the Stanley Cup scoring 2 goals in 17 seconds to defeat the Boston Bruins
- Robin Kelly becomes U.S. representative for Illinois's 2nd congressional district.
- 2014: November 2: Wallenda performs high-wire stunt.[50]
- 2015: Chicago Blackhawks win the Stanley Cup yet again for the third time in six years, establishing a "puck dynasty" nationwide and arguably becoming the best team in the NHL.
- 2016: Protesters successfully disrupt a rally for presidential candidate Donald Trump.
See also
- History of Chicago
- List of mayors of Chicago
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Chicago
- Timeline of Illinois[51]
References
- ↑ Federal Writers’ Project (1939). "Chicago". Illinois: A Descriptive and Historical Guide. American Guide Series. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co.
- ↑ "Conventions Organized by Year". Colored Conventions. University of Delaware. Retrieved April 2014.
- ↑ "Chicago at a Glance (chronology)". Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year Book for 1916. 1915.
- 1 2 3 Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
- ↑ Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Chicago", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- 1 2 "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
- ↑ "Timeline". The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords. USA: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved January 2015.
- ↑ "United States and Canada, 1800–1900 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved December 2014.
- ↑ "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian (UK), 2015
- 1 2 3 4 Paul S. Boyer, ed. (2001). "Chicago". Oxford Companion to United States History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508209-8.
- ↑ Thomas Dublin, Kathryn Kish Sklar (ed.), "Chronology", Women and Social Movements in the United States (Alexander Street Press) (subscription required)
- ↑ Melinda Corey and George Ochoa, ed. (1999). Fitzroy Dearborn Chronology of Ideas. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-135-94710-1.
- 1 2 Catherine Cocks; et al. (2009). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6293-7.
- ↑ Official report of the fifth Universal Peace Congress held at Chicago, United States of America, August 14 to 20, 1893, 1893
- ↑ Bibliography of Foreign Language Newspapers and Periodicals Published in Chicago, Chicago: Works Progress Administration, 1942, OCLC 2704154
- ↑ Emily Greene Balch (1910). Our Slavic Fellow Citizens. New York: Charities Publication Committee.
- 1 2 3 4 "On This Day", New York Times, retrieved November 2014
- ↑ Julie A. Willett (2000). Permanent Waves: The Making of the American Beauty Shop. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9358-9.
- ↑ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- 1 2 3 "Chicago", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica Co., 1910, OCLC 14782424
- ↑ "Timeline". Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century. USA: National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved January 2016.
- ↑ 1901 Annual Appropriation Ordinance, City of Chicago – via Chicago Public Library, Ask a Librarian service, 2015
- ↑ James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1.
- ↑ "Timeline". The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords. USA: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
- ↑ Lerone Bennett, Jr. (February 1974), "Money, Merchants, Markets: the Quest for Economic Security", Ebony, Making of Black America: Part 11
- ↑ Nina Mjagkij (1994). Light in the Darkness: African Americans and the YMCA, 1852-1946. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2801-3.
- ↑ Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Donald Yacovone (2013). African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross. Hay House. ISBN 978-1-4019-3514-6.
- ↑ David J. Wishart (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. University of Nebraska. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
- ↑ "Think Tank Directory". Philadelphia, USA: Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
- 1 2 Gregg Lee Carter, ed. (2012). "Chronology". Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-38671-8.
- ↑ "Illinois". Official Congressional Directory. 1929.
- ↑ Robin D. G. Kelley and Earl Lewis, ed. (2005). "Chronology". To Make Our World Anew: a History of African Americans. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-983893-6.
- ↑ Bernard Trawicky (2000). Anniversaries and Holidays (5th ed.). American Library Association. ISBN 978-0-8389-1004-7.
- ↑ "Chicago Government Information". LibGuides. Northwestern University Library. Retrieved May 2015.
- ↑ "Celebrating the Life and Legacy of John H. Johnson", Ebony 60, October 2005
- 1 2 "Chicago Timeline". Chicago Public Library. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
- ↑ "Illinois". Official Congressional Directory. 1963.
- ↑ John Bassett McCleary (2004). "Anti-War Events". The Hippie Dictionary: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s. Ten Speed Press. pp. 602+. ISBN 978-1-58008-547-2.
- ↑ International Center for the Arts of the Americas. "Documents of 20th-century Latin American and Latino Art". Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Retrieved February 2015.
- ↑ Cordelia Candelaria, ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33210-4.
- ↑ Mike Tigas and Sisi Wei (ed.). "Chicago, Illinois". Nonprofit Explorer. New York: ProPublica. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
- ↑ Ross Gregory (2003). "Chronology". Cold War America, 1946 To 1990. Facts on File. pp. 48–68. ISBN 978-1-4381-0798-1.
- 1 2 "Court rules for gun rights, strikes down Chicago handgun ban". CNN. June 28, 2010.
- 1 2 "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
- ↑ "Chicago Mosaic". Archived from the original on October 1996 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Patricia A. Langelier (1996). "Local Government Home Pages". Popular Government (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) 6 (3): 38+. ISSN 0032-4515.
Special Series: Local Government on the Internet
- ↑ Alan Greenblatt (2006), "Downtown Renaissance", CQ Researcher 16 (24)(subscription required)
- ↑ "Chicago (city), Illinois". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
- ↑ "30 Cities: An Introductory Snapshot". American Cities Project. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts. 2013. Retrieved February 2014.
- ↑ Daredevil Nik Wallenda walks between Chicago skyscrapers, Reuters, November 2, 2014
- ↑ Federal Writers’ Project (1939). "Chronology". Illinois: A Descriptive and Historical Guide. American Guide Series. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co. – via Open Library.
Further reading
Main article: Bibliography of Chicago history
- General Directory and Business Advertiser of the city of Chicago for the Year 1844, Chicago: Ellis & Fergus, printers, 1902, OCLC 1898526
- Chicago City Directory. 1863.
- Edward's Annual Director to the ... City of Chicago. 1869.
- Joseph Sabin, ed. (1871). "Chicago". Bibliotheca Americana 4. New York. OCLC 13972268.
External links
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- WGBH-TV (2003). "Chicago, City of the Century: Timeline". American Experience. USA: Public Broadcasting Service.
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