Timeline of Fogo, Cape Verde

The following is a timeline of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde.

Prehistoric era

• Around 24 to 22 million years ago - The seamount now known as Fogo formed
• Around 4 million years ago - The volcanic eruption brought the seamount to above sea level forming the island of what is now called Fogo.
• Around 73,000 BC - The eastern portion of the island collapsed into the ocean and approximately totalled a hundred km3 and brought a 170 meter high megatsunami that flooded the western part of Santiago.^[1][2] The island size before the Eruption was approximately 800-900 km2.
• Around 40,000 BC - As the sea levels was around 100–130 meters lower, the island area was approximately 500 km2.
• Around 3,000 BC - the sea level rose nearly to its current level and the size was roughly 450 km2, nearly to its current level.

Colonial era

• 1456 - The island was first sighted in 1456 by Vicente Dias along with Alvise Cadamosto and Antoniotto Usodimare, at the time, it was likely the only island in Cape Verde sighted at the time
• 1460 - The island was fully discovered and charted by António da Noli on behalf of Henry the Navigator, the island was originally São Filipe.
• 1500 - São Filipe, the first settlement established
• 1655 - São Filipe destroyed by Flemish pirates^[3]
• 1675 - The last eruption on the main cone that would later create a larger eruption
• 1680 - A major eruption took place in Pico do Fogo and devastated much of the island, many inhabitants fled the island, several would settle in nearby Brava, the eruption continued for a few years, it would receive the island name Fogo (Portuguese for fire).
• 1769 - Pico do Fogo erupted, the last time it erupted from the top
• 1785
  • Pico do Fogo erupted, the following eruptions would occur in the lower parts
  • Start of emigration on the island which would continue for decades and even in the 20th century.
  • The first ships from the United States visited any of the islands in Cape Verde, it arrived on Fogo primarily for whaling but took some residents to be the first Cape Verdeans to immigrate into the United States.
• 1799 - The area around Pico do Fogo erupted
• 1832
  • Population: around 10,000^[4]
  • Famine struck the island
• 1847 - An eruption struck the area of Pico do Fogo, earthquakes killed several people
• 1852 - The lower part of Pico do Fogo erupted
• 1857 - The lower part of Pico do Fogo erupted again
• 1861 - A custom house in the port of São Filipe built by the colonial governor Januário Correia de Almeida.^[5]
• 1870 - Foundation of the village of Chã das Caldeiras by the Count of Montrond, introduced vines to flourish the wine production, the only in Cape Verde
• 1910 - A civil revolution in Portugal drew aristocracy and large land-owners back to Portugal and left civilians behind
• 1922 - São Filipe elevated to a town.^[6]
• 1951 - A small eruption affected the island in the area of Pico do Fogo, the next eruption in 94 years
• 1953 - Vulcânicos, the island's first football (soccer) club established
• 1962 - Associação Académica do Fogo, a football (soccer) club established
• mid-1960s - Fogo Island League created
• 1968 - Botafogo, a football (soccer) club established
• 1974:
  • April: the Carnation Revolution took place in Portugal, the Estado Novo regime collapsed, Cape Verde became an autonomous province

After independence in 1975-1999

• 1975 - July 5: Cape Verde declared independence from Portugal and became and independent nation
• 1983 - October 8: Cutelinho a football (soccer) club established
• 1995 - April: Earthquake shook the island followed by an eruption that affected the island in the area of Pico do Fogo and devastated parts of Chã das Caldeiras.^[7]
• 1996 - July 22: Desportivo de Cova Figueira established

21st century

Perspective view of Fogo from the north in 2001

2014 eruption of Fogo with ash cloudes headed roughly south

• 2003 - Spartak d'Aguadinha, a football (soccer) club established
• 2005 - Municipality of Santa Catarina do Fogo established
• 2008 - December 13: São Filipe Municipal Museum opened on the old town hall of São Filipe
• 2009 - Valência football (soccer) club established
• 2010 - Cova Figueira elevated to a city.
• 2014 - November: Earthquakes rocked the island and later caused a volcanic eruption on November 23 that would continue up to February 8 the following year, it caused the cancellation of the Regional Footballl (Soccer) Competition for nearly four weeks. The volcano erupted for 77 days.
• 2016 - Electricity to be introduced in the hamlets of Bangaeira and Portela in Chã das Caldeiras, one of the last parts of the island not receiving electricity.^[8]

See also

• Timeline of Boa Vista, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Sal, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Santiago, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Santo Antão, Cape Verde
• Timeline of São Vicente, Cape Verde

References

1. Island Boulders Reveal Ancient Megatsunami, Nature, Retrieved 2015-10-06
2. Ramalho, Ricardo S.; Winckler, Gisela; Madeira, José; Helffrich, George R.; Hipólito, Ana; Quartau, Rui; Adena, Katherine; Schaefer, Joerg M. (2 October 2015). "Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence". Science Advances, vol. 1, no. 9.
3. Ingrid und Peter Kirschey: Kapverden, p. 156. Köln 2009
4. Roberts, Edmund (1837). "Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat". Harper & Brothers. pp. 17–18.
5. "Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil", Direcção de Afonso Eduardo Martins Zúquete, Editorial Enciclopédia, 2.ª Edição, Lisboa, 1989, Volume Terceiro, p. 320
6. Pitt Reitmeier: Cabo Verde - Kapverdische Inseln, p. 386. Bielefeld 2009.
7. "Fogo Caldera". MTU Volcanoes Page. Michigan Technological University. Retrieved 2007-10-17.
8. "Primeiro-ministro promete energia para Chã das Caldeiras" [Prime Minister to Promote Energy in Chã das Caldeiras]. RTC (in Portuguese). 13 June 2011.