Timeline of Santiago, Cape Verde

The following is a timeline of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde.

Prehistoric era

• Around 73,000 BC - The eastern portion of the island of Fogo collapsed into the ocean and brought a 170 meter high megatsunami that flooded the western part of the island^[1]
• Around 3,000 to 1,000 BC - Ilhéu de Santa Maria separated from the island of Santiago, it used to be a hill and was a surrounded by a southeastern and a southern hill that had now disappeared

Colonial era

Drake at Santiago, Cape Verde, 1589 hand-colored engraving, by Baptista Boazio, 1589

Santiago Island, a 1647 painting by Caspar Schmalkalden

A depiction of Praia during the Battle of Porto Praya

• 1460 - The island was discovered by António da Noli
• 1462 - The city of Cidade Velha was founded and the colony of Portuguese Cape Verde was established
• 1578 - The first English corsairs and pirates attacked Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha)
• 1520 - Island and Cape Verde's first pillory constructed
• 1580 - Philippine Dynasty in power
• 1585
  • Capture of Santiago (1585), Cidade Velha damaged during raid by English corsair Sir Francis Drake, São Domingos was also looted^[2][3] and on November 28 Porto Praya (now Praia) razed, only the town hospital was spared, the fleet left after November, this was part of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585)
  • November 17 - Plans for Fort Real de São Filipe started
• 1589 - Engraving about the raid on Ribeira Grande (common name was Cape Verde City or Cidade de Cabo Verde, now Cidade Velha) finished by Giovanni Battista Boazio, the first engraving and its hand colored made about Cape Verde or any of its island
• 1593 - Forte Real de São Filipe was built, the first fort in Cape Verde
• 1615 - Praia de Santa Maria appeared on the previous settlement on the plateau
• 1640 - Philippine Dynasty ends
• 1712
  • Cidade Velha along with its fort were destroyed by French corsairs commanded by Jacques Cassard in the Cassard expedition
  • Because of the raid, Ribeira Grande no longer served as island capital, the name became Cidade Velha
• 1770 - Island capital officially transferred from Ribeira Grande to Praia (then Porto Praya)
• 1781 - April 16: - Though Portugal was neutral throughout the conflict (Anglo-French War, American Revolutionary War), the Battle of Porto Praya took place off modern day Praia and the island between Great Britain and France
• Around 1794 - Cotton first produced in the island of Santiago and Cape Verde, created by the colonial governor José da Silva Maldonado de Eça^[4]
• 1822 - May 8: João da Mata Chapuzet was governor of Cape Verde up to around September 1826. He was engineer and military architect and underwent large modernization of the city of Praia, capital of the archipelago, one of the buildings he designed was Quartel Jaime Mota.^[5]
• 1826 - Quartel Jaime Mota barracks built
• 1830 - Population: around 24,000
• 1832 - Scientist Charles Darwin along with the Beagle's visit to the island of Santiago and its then colonial capital Praia (then as Porto Praya),^[6] he also visited Ilhéu de Santa Maria^[7]
• 1834 - February 14: Portuguese colonial governor Manuel António Martins decided to transfer the colonial seat from Praia to Picos, this had never happened^[8]
• 1849 - January: Sloop USS Yorktown along with William Harwar Parker visited Porto Praya (now Praia), several officers rotated off the ship and Parker became Acting Master, one of the first American ships and one of the first American sloop to visit Porto Praya and Santiago Island.
• 1850 - June: USS Yorktown returned to Porto Praya (now Praia), the ship later left for Funchal and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and returned to Cape Verde, originally intended to visit Santiago, it visited Mayo (now Maio) Island on September and struck a reef on September 6, the first American ship sunk in the waters of Cape Verde.
• 1855 - Much of the island suffered a famine, the governor temporarily moved the residence from Praia (then Porto Praya) to Picos, Praia remained colonial capital^[9]
• 1861 - Liceu Nacional first opened, it was first built in 1860 under the colonial governor Januário Correia de Almeida.^[10]
• 1881 - Farol de D. Maria Pia (commonly today as Farol de Pta. Temerosa) near Praia built

1884 Map of Porto Praya (now Praia) featuring Ilhéu de Santa Maria, written as Quail Island and written with its geographic location on top right below the map title

• 1889 - Farol da Ponta Preta northwest of Tarrafal built
• 1900 - Population: around 35,000 and 40,000
• 1917 - Municipality of Tarrafal created out the the Municipality of Santa Catarina
• 1920 - Population: around 40,000 and 45,000
• 1929 - December 2: Sporting Clube da Praia footbal (soccer) club founded, the first established on the island
• 1930 - October 15: Clube Desportivo Travadores founded
• 1931 - May 1: Vitória Futebol Clube founded
• 1939 - July 5: Boavista Futebol Clube founded
• 1940 - Population: 63,896^[11]
• 1948 - May 5: Os Garridos
• 1950 - Population: 49,829^[11]
• 1953 - Both the Cape Verdean Colonial Championships and the Santiago Championships started its first edition
• 1960 - Population: 74,219^[11]
• 1962 - December 15: Académica da Praia founded
• 1970 - Population: 107,624^[11]
• 1971 - Municipality of Santa Cruz established
• 1972 - July 1: Celtic Futebol Clube founded
• 1974:
  • April: the Carnation Revolution took place in Portugal, the Estado Novo regime collapsed, Cape Verde became an autonomous province
  • Mid-year: the final Cape Verdean colonial championships took place

After independence in 1975-1999

• 1975
  • July 5: Cape Verde declared independence from Portugal and became and independent nation, Praia became the national capital
  • AD Bairro, also known as ADESBA, a football (soccer) club founded^[12]
• 1976
  • Approximate population: around 60,000 to 70,000
  • the first Cape Verdean football Championships took place
• 1979 - Desportivo da Praia football (soccer) club established
• 1980 - Population: 145,947^[11]
• 1985 - December 7: SC Beira-Mar do Tarrafal founded
• 1986 - Jardim Botânico Nacional Grandvaux Barbosa, Cape Verde's only botanical garden created
• 1988 - São Domingos municipality established, carved out of the northern part of the municipality of Praia
• 1990
  • Population: 189,478^[11]
  • September 16: Desportivo de Assomada founded
• 1991 - São Miguel municipality established carved out of the southeastern part of the municipality of Tarrafal
• 1992
  • Festival de Gamboa held its first edition at Praia da Gamboa south of the city center
  • ISE (Instituto Superior de Educação) established
• 1994 - September 24: Varandinha of Tarrafal football (soccer) club established
• 1997 - October 5: Museu Etnográfico (Ethnographic Museum) first opened
• 1999 - National Library of Cape Verde first opened

21st century

• 2000 - Population: 229,900^[13]

Aerial view of Praia taken from a plane in 2001

Satellite view of Santiago except for the northern part in August 2002

• 2001
  • Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde established
  • Grémio Desportivo Nhagar football (soccer) club established
• 2003
  • Monte Graciosa became a protected area
  • February 24: Serra da Malagueta Natural Park established, the first national park created on the island
  • August: Santiago Island League split in two, the North and the South Zones.
• 2005
  • Two new municipalities created including Ribeira Grande de Santiago and São Salvador do Mundo were created
  • Praia's airport became the second airport to serve international or out of country flights, until that time, Sal was the only international airport in Cape Verde..
• 2006
  • Estádio da Várzea finished, refurbished and completed
  • University of Cape Verde established
  • The island dam named Poilão west of Pedra Badejo completed, the first dam or reservoir in Cape Verde

Estádio da Várzea after renovations in 2007

• 2009
  • Cidade Velha including its fortress became a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • University of Santiago opened in Assomada, it would become Cape Verde's second and recent university
• 2010 - Population: 272,312^[13]
• Around 2010 or 2011 - Salineiro and Saquinho Dams started construction
• Around 2011 - the Praia Perimeter Road opened
• 2012 - Complexo Desportivo Adega completed^[14] It is 100 meters long and 64 meters wide.
• 2013 - Three reservoirs were completed in the island:
  • June 30: Barragem de Salineiro (Salineiro Dam) opened, it location is 2 km north of Cidade Velha.^[15]
  • July 19: Barragem de Faveta (Faveta Dam) opened, its location is in Faveta, located approximately northeast to Picos^[16]
  • October 30: Barragem de Saquinho (Saquinho Dam) opened, it is located northwest of Assomada^[17]
• 2015
  • On Ilhéu de Santa Maria off the shores of Praia, Cape Verdean government and Legend Development Company made a legal contract and proposes to construct hotel resort and casino, its cost is around 30 billion Cape Verdean escudos (250 million euros).^[18] The Government conceded the islet probably for 75 years.
  • August and September: Hurricane Fred struck the island, , its rains filled Barragem de Faveta (Faveta Reservoir) to maximum capacity and prompted residents from adjacent areas to evacuate.^[19]

See also

• History of Santiago, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Boa Vista, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Fogo, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Sal, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Santo Antão, Cape Verde
• Timeline of São Vicente, Cape Verde

References

1. Island Boulders Reveal Ancient Megatsunami, Nature, Retrieved 2015-10-06
2. Keeler, Mary Frear (1999). Sir Francis Drake's West Indian Voyage, 1585-86 (Second Series). Hakluyt Society. ISBN 978-0904180015.
3. Sudgen, John (2004). Sir Francis Drake. Penguin Books. pp. 185–86. ISBN 978-1844137626.
4. Great Portuguese and Brazilian Encyclopedia, Enciclopédia Publishers, vol. IX, p. 384
5. "Como estragar uma bela Praça". A Semana (in Portuguese). 30 April 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
6. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world - Chapter 1 at Wikisource, top part
7. "Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands During the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle" (PDF). 1844.
8. "Discurso PM, Dr. José Maria Pereira Neves, na Cerimónia de Inauguração da Universidade de Santiago (Opening Ceremony of the University of Santiago), Assomada, February 16, 2009
9. Michel Cahen (dir.), "Vilas" et "cidades"  : bourgs et villes en Afrique lusophone (preface by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch), L'Harmattan, Paris, 1989, p. 30 ISBN 2-7384-0431-6
10. "Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil", Direcção de Afonso Eduardo Martins Zúquete, Editorial Enciclopédia, 2.ª Edição, Lisboa, 1989, Volume Terceiro, p. 320
11. Source: Statoids
12. "History of AD Bairro". Club website. 13 January 2014.
13. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estatísticas.
14. Inauguração Complexo Desportivo de Achada Grande Trás > C M Praia
15. "Barragem de Salineiro é inaugurada hoje" [Salineiro Dam to Open Today]. A Semana (in Portuguese). 29 June 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
16. "Barragem de Faveta, a menina dos olhos de São Salvador do Mundo" [Barragem de Faveta, a Tiny Dam for All of São Salvador do Mundo]. A Semana (in Portuguese). 20 July 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
17. "JMN inaugura Barragem de Saquinho" [Saquinho Dam Opened by JMN]. A Semana (in Portuguese). 30 October 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
18. "Hotel-Casino no Ilhéu de Santa Maria: Governo concessiona Djeu por 75 anos" [Hotel-Casino in Ilhéu de Santa Maria: Government Concession of the Islet (Djeu) for 75 Years]. Expresso das Ilhas (in Portuguese). 2015.
19. "Chuvas fazem transbordar barragens de Faveta e de Canto de Cagarra". A Semana (in Portuguese). 2 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.