Timeline of Frankfurt
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 19th century
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- 843 CE - City becomes capital of East Francia.
- 1180 - Staufenmauer built.
- 1241 - Judenschlacht.
- 1333 - City expands.
- 1349 - Judenschlacht.
- 1360 - Schützenverein Frankfurt-Höchst (militia) formed.[1]
- 1370 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[2]
- 1372
- Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of Holy Roman Empire.
- City buys forest from Charles IV.
- 1405 - Römer converted into city hall.
- 1428 - Eschenheimer Turm built.
- 1462 - Frankfurter Judengasse established.
- 1493 - Passion play begins.[3]
- 1531 - Printing press in operation.[4]
- 1581 - Rumpolt's cookbook published.[5]
- 1585 - Bourse established.
- 1648 - Peace of Westphalia confirms Frankfurt as an Imperial Free City.
- 1681 - St. Catherine's Church built.
- 1719 - Fire.
- 1739 - Palais Thurn und Taxis built.
- 1748 - Gebrüder Bethmann formed.
- 1750 - Mainzer Landstraße built.
- 1759 - January: City occupied by French.[6]
- 1774 - Botanical garden laid out.
- 1790 - 9 October: Coronation of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
- 1792 - City occupied by French.
19th century
- 1806
- City occupied by French.
- City becomes Principality of Frankfurt, under Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg.
- 1808 - Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester (orchestra) established.[7]
- 1810 - City becomes part of Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.
- 1812 - City refortified.
- 1815 - Städel founded.
- 1816 - Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of German Confederation.
- 1829 - Frankfurter Kunstverein founded.
- 1833
- 1839 - Taunus Railway begins operating.
- 1843 - Alte Börse (Frankfurt am Main) (stock exchange) built.
- 1846 - International Penitentiary Congress held in Frankfurt.[9]
- 1848
- September: "Uprising."[8]
- Frankfurt Assembly formed.
- 1849 - Constitution of the German Empire proclaimed by Frankfurt Parliament.
- 1856 - Frankfurter Zeitung begins publication.
- 1858 - Frankfurt Zoological Garden founded.[10]
- 1859 - Frankfurt City Link Line begins operating.
- 1861 - Population: 71,462.[11]
- 1863 - Federation of German Workers Associations founded in Frankfurt.[12]
- 1866 - City becomes part of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia.[8]
- 1867 - Frankfurt Cathedral rebuilt.
- 1868 - Eiserner Steg (bridge) built.[13]
- 1871
- Treaty of Frankfurt signed.[8]
- Palmengarten opens.
- 1872 - Trams begin operating.
- 1875 - Population: 103,136.
- 1878 - Dr. Hoch’s Konservatorium - Musikakademie founded.
- 1879 - Kleinmarkthalle Frankfurt (market) opens.[14]
- 1880 - Alte Oper inaugurated.
- 1881 - Metallgesellschaft founded.
- 1886 - Frankfurter Friedensverein (peace group) organized.[15]
- 1895
- Bockenheim becomes part of city.
- Stempel Type Foundry established.
- Population: 229,279.
- 1897 - Frankfurt Motor Show begins.
20th century
1900s-1940s
- 1904 - Museum der Weltkulturen founded.
- 1905 - Population: 334,978.
- 1909
- Städtische Galerie Liebieghaus established.
- Festhalle built.
- 1914 - University of Frankfurt established.
- 1919 - Population: 433,002.[16]
- 1923 - Institute for Social Research founded.
- 1925 - Husarendenkmal (Frankfurt am Main) (monument) installed.
- 1926 - Alte Brücke (Frankfurt am Main) (bridge) rebuilt.
- 1928
- Höchst becomes part of city.[17]
- Großmarkthalle built.
- Population: 551,200.
- 1929
- Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra formed.[18]
- Holy Cross Church built.
- 1930 - IG Farben Building constructed.
- 1931 - Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion opens.
- 1934 - Adlerwerke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer established.
- 1936
- Frankfurt Airport opens.
- Grüneburgpark opens.
- 1938 - Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts founded.
- 1944 - Bombing begins.
- 1945
- July: American zone of Allied-occupied Germany headquartered in Frankfurt.
- Frankfurter Rundschau begins publication.
- 1946 - Eschwege displaced persons camp set up.
- 1948
- Hessischer Rundfunk begins broadcasting.
- Bank deutscher Länder headquartered in Frankfurt.[19]
- 1949
- Frankfurt Book Fair resumes.
- Deutsches Institut für Filmkunde founded.
- Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
1950s-1990s
- 1951 - Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt built.
- 1953 - Population: 600,579.
- 1954 - Goethe House opens.
- 1955 - Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport opens.
- 1957 - Deutsche Bundesbank headquartered in Frankfurt.[19]
- 1958
- Noor Mosque built.[20]
- Museum für Kommunikation Frankfurt and Cinema Kino[21] open.
- 1959 - Justizvollzugsanstalt Frankfurt am Main IV (prison) begins operating.
- 1960
- 1963 - Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials begin.
- 1966 - City twinned with Birmingham, United Kingdom.[22]
- 1967 - City twinned with Deuil-La Barre, France.[22]
- 1968 - Frankfurt U-Bahn begins operating.
- 1970
- Peace Research Institute Frankfurt[23] and Frankfurter Autoren Theater founded.
- City twinned with Milan, Italy.[22]
- 1974 - City-Haus built.
- 1978
- Rhine-Main S-Bahn begins operating.
- Historic Railway museum founded.
- 1979
- Europaturm built.
- Titanic magazine begins publication.
- City twinned with Cairo, Egypt.[22]
- 1980 - City twinned with Tel Aviv, Israel.[22]
- 1981
- Frankfurt Marathon begins.
- Museum für Moderne Kunst founded.
- 1984 - German Architecture Museum opens.[24]
- 1987 - Neues Theater Höchst founded.
- 1988 - City twinned with Guangzhou, China.[22]
- 1989
- City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).[25]
- City twinned with Toronto, Canada.[22]
- 1990 - City twinned with Budapest, Hungary, and Prague, Czech Republic.[22]
- 1991
- 1992 - Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main) (Institute for City History) established.
- 1993
- Westendstrasse 1 built.
- Deutsche Börse headquartered in Frankfurt.
- 1994 - European Monetary Institute headquartered in Frankfurt.[19]
- 1995
- Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange founded.
- Petra Roth becomes mayor.
- 1996 - City website online (approximate date).[27]
- 1998 - European Central Bank headquartered in Frankfurt.
- 1999 - Main Tower built.
21st century
- 2000
- Museum Giersch opens.
- Population: 646,550.
- 2001 - Cinestar Metropolis (movie theatre) in business.[21]
- 2002 - Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
- 2003
- Bikeshare program launched.[28]
- Adorno-Denkmal (monument) installed.
- 2005
- 2009 - Zeil renovated.
- 2011 - City twinned with Yokohama, Japan.[26]
- 2012
- Peter Feldmann becomes mayor.[29]
- 2013 - City twinned with Eskişehir, Turkey.[26]
- 2014 - Population: 714,241.
- 2015
- Economic unrest.
- City twinned with Philadelphia, United States.[26]
See also
References
- ↑ Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
- ↑ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
- ↑ William Grange (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of German Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6489-4.
- ↑ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel. The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ↑ Alan Davidson (2014). Oxford Companion to Food (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-104072-6.
- ↑ Franz A.J. Szabo (2013). "Chronology of Major Events". The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756-1763. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88697-6.
- ↑ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- 1 2 3 4 Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914". A Short History of Germany. New York: Macmillan – via HathiTrust.
- ↑ Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
- ↑ Führer durch den zoologischen Garten in Frankfurt-am-Main (in German), Frankfurt a.M, 1870
- ↑ Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Deutschland: Frankfurt am Main". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
- ↑ Masao Nishikawa (2010). Socialists and International Actions for Peace 1914-1923. Frank & Timme. ISBN 978-3-86596-296-6.
- ↑ Tiefbauwesen 1903.
- ↑ Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
- ↑ Alfred Hermann Fried (1905). Handbuch der Friedensbewegung [Handbook of the Peace Movement] (in German). Vienna: Velag der Oesterreichischen Friedensgesellschaft.
- ↑ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
- ↑ "Die Entwicklung zur modernen Großstadt 1866-1945", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German) (Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte), retrieved September 2015
- ↑ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- 1 2 3 Glyn Davies; Roy Davies (2002). "Comparative Chronology of Money" – via University of Exeter.
- ↑ Jocelyne Cesari, ed. (2014). Oxford Handbook of European Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960797-6.
- 1 2 "Movie Theaters in Frankfurt, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved September 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Die Zeitgeschichte 1945-2000", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German) (Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte), retrieved September 2015
- ↑ "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved October 2014.
- ↑ Deutsches Architekturmuseum. "About Us". Retrieved July 22, 2012.
- ↑ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Frankfurts Partnerstädte (in German), Stadt Frankfurt am Main, retrieved September 2015
- ↑ "Stadt Frankfurt Online" (in German). Archived from the original on December 1996 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Exploring Bike-Shares In Other Cities". New York Bike Share Project. Storefront for Art and Architecture. Retrieved November 2014.
- ↑ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- Published in the 18th-19th century
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Frankfort", The Grand Tour, 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt
- Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Frankfort on the Maine", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh
- Published in the 20th century
- Frankfurt am Main. City Engineers Dept. (1907). Guide to Some of the Public Works of Frankfort-am-Main.
- Frankfurter Verkehrsverein (1908). Official guide for Frankfort-on-Main and vicinity. Frankfort-on-Main: R. Th. Hauser & Co.
- "Frankfort-on-Main", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- "Frankfort", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483 + 1882 ed.
- Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Frankfort-am-Main", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
- Martin Herbert Dodge (1920), The government of the city of Frankfort-on-the Main, [New York?], OCLC 2056934
- Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Frankfurt". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
- Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich (1999). "Chronicle of Frankfurt as a financial centre (chronology)". Frankfurt as a Financial Centre: From Medieval Trade Fair to European Banking Centre. C.H.Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-45671-8. (chronology)
in German
- "Franckfurt". Topographia Hassiae et Regionum Vicinarum. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. p. 27+. circa 1646/1655
- "Frankfurt a.M.". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
- Stadtgemeinde Frankfurt a.M. (1903). Das städtische Tiefbauwesen in Frankfurt a.M. (in German). Schirmer & Mahkau.
- Frankfurt a.M. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). 1912.
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Frankfurt a.M.". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
External links
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- Tourismus+Congress GmbH. Frankfurt City History
Coordinates: 50°06′43″N 8°41′09″E / 50.111806°N 8.685944°E
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