Timeline of Kraków

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kraków, Poland.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 20th century

• 1000 - Catholic diocese of Kraków established.^[1]
• 1044 - Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec established in Tyniec near Kraków.^[2]
• 1142 - Cathedral built (approximate date).^[2]
• 1241 - Kraków sacked by Tatars.^[3]
• 1257 - The town granted Magdeburg rights, signing of Lokacja Krakowa.^[3]
• 1306 - Kraków taken by Władysław Łokietek.^[3]
• 1313 - Kraków Town Hall built (approximate date).^[4]
• 1320 - Kraków becomes Polish capital.^[5]
• 1364
  • Cracow Academy founded.^[6]
  • Wawel Cathedral^[7] and Collegium Maius built.
• 1390 - Public clock installed (approximate date).^[8]
• 1395 - Kraków Cloth Hall built.^[7]
• 1397 - St. Mary's Basilica built.
• 1407 - Synagogue built in Kazimierz.^[9]
• 1420 - Bellmakers guild established.^[2]
• 1491 - Printing press in operation.^[10]
• 1521 - Sigismund Bell installed in tower of Wawel Cathedral.
• 1566 - Kraków arsenal built (near St. Florian's Gate).
• 1609 - Polish capital relocated from Kraków to Warsaw by Sigismund III Vasa (approximate date).^[3]
• 1610 - Bagel first mentioned.
• 1618 - Church of St. Adalbert rebuilt.
• 1619 - Saints Peter and Paul Church built.^[7]
• 1643 - Obergymnasium of St. Anna (school) built on St. Anna Street, Kraków.^[7]
• 1655 - Siege of Kraków (1655) by Swedish forces.^[3]
• 1702 - City taken by forces of Charles XII of Sweden.^[5]
• 1703 - Church of St. Anne, Kraków rebuilt.^[2]
• 1768 - City taken by Russian forces.^[5]
• 1781 - Theatre opens.
• 1783 - Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University founded.^[11]
• 1794
  • 24 March: Kościuszko's proclamation against Russian rule occurs in Main Square.^[3]
  • June: Prussians in power.^[5]
• 1795 - City becomes part of Austria.^[5]
• 1809 - City becomes part of the Duchy of Warsaw.^[3]
• 1810 - Population: 23,612.
• 1815 - Republic of Krakow established per Congress of Vienna.^[12]
• 1820 - Most of Kraków Town Hall demolished (except tower).
• 1831 - City occupied by Russian forces.^[5]
• 1846
  • February: Kraków Uprising against Austrian forces; Polish National Government (Kraków Uprising) established.
  • November: City becomes part of Austria again; Grand Duchy of Cracow established.^[12]
• 1847 - Kraków Główny railway station built.
• 1848 - Czas newspaper begins publication.^[13]
• 1850 - 18 July: Kraków fire of 1850.^[5]
• 1851 - Population: 41,086.^[14]
• 1869 - July: Imprisonment of nun Barbara Ubryk discovered; unrest ensues.^[5]
• 1873 - School of Fine Arts and Academy of Learning^[15] active.
• 1879 - National Museum, Kraków established.
• 1885 - Park Krakowski established.^[16]
• 1890 - Population: 76,025.^[17]
• 1893 - Municipal Theatre opens.
• 1898 - Mickiewicz monument installed in Main Square.^[7]

20th century

• 1905 - Zielony Balonik literary cabaret begins in Jama Michalika on Floriańska Street.
• 1909 - Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra founded.
• 1910 - Population: 151,781.^[18]
• 1916 - Kino Sztuka (cinema) opens.
• 1917 - Formiści (art group) formed.^[19]
• 1918 - City becomes part of Poland.^[3]
• 1920 - Population: 176,463.^[20]
• 1929 - Kraków Zoo opens.^[21]
• 1930 - Wawel Castle museum established.
• 1931
  • Kraków Philharmonic hall opens.
  • Population: 219,300.
• 1933 - Grupa Krakowska (art group) formed.^[22]
• 1939
  • 6 September: German forces enter city.
  • 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
• 1941 - March: Kraków Ghetto of Jews established by occupying Germans.
• 1945
  • January: Russians take city; German occupation ends.^[3]
  • Historical Museum of Kraków established.
• 1946 - Krakow Polytechnic established.
• 1949
  • Gazeta Krakowska newspaper begins publication.
  • Development of Nowa Huta area begins.
• 1950
  • Bunkier Sztuki Contemporary Art Gallery founded.^[23]
  • Population: 347,500.^[12]
• 1951 - Polish Academy of Sciences' Division of Medicinal Plants established.^[11]
• 1954
  • Lenin Steelworks begins operating.
  • Opera Krakowska founded.
• 1955
  • Cricot 2 theatre group formed.^[22]
  • Population: 428,231.
• 1959 - Krzysztofory Gallery^[22] and Kino Mikro (cinema). open.
• 1961 - Kraków Film Festival begins.
• 1964
  • Balice Airport begins operating.
  • Karol Wojtyła becomes Catholic archbishop.^[24]
• 1965 – Population: 520,145.
• 1967 - Kino Kijów (cinema) opens.
• 1973 - Tyniec becomes part of Kraków.
• 1975 - Population: 684,600.
• 1978 - Kraków Old Town designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[25]
• 1988 - Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków begins.^[26]
• 1990 - Czas Krakowski newspaper begins publication.^[13]
• 1993 - Institute for Strategic Studies established.
• 1997 - Cracow Klezmer Band formed.
• 1998 - Andrzej Maria Gołaś becomes mayor.
• 1999 - City becomes part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.

21st century

• 2000 - City designated an European Capital of Culture.^[25]
• 2002 - Jacek Majchrowski becomes mayor.
• 2006 - Galeria Krakowska shopping mall in business.
• 2008
  • Kraków Fast Tram begins operating.
  • International Festival of Independent Cinema Off Plus Camera begins.
• 2009
  • Kino Agrafka (cinema) opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.^[27]
• 2010
  • Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków,^[28] Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory museum,^[28] and Bernatek Footbridge^[28] open.
  • Paderewski monument erected in Strzelecki Park, Kraków.
• 2012 - Population: 758,300.^[29]
• 2014 - May: Kraków referendum, 2014 held; Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics withdrawn.

See also

• History of Kraków
• Other names of Kraków, e.g. Krakau
• List of mayors of Kraków
• List of churches of Kraków
• Synagogues of Kraków
• List of events in Kraków (currently ongoing)
• List of Polish monarchs, some crowned in Kraków

References

1. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved April 2015.
2. Hourihane 2012.
3. Lerski 1996.
4. Kamil Janicki (2012), Co się stało z krakowskim ratuszem? Ciekawostki turystyczne.
5. Haydn 1910.
6. Britannica 1910.
7. Baedeker 1911.
8. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
9. "Kraków". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on March 2015.
10. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Austria-Hungary: Krakau". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company – via HathiTrust.
11. "Garden Search: Poland". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved April 2015.
12. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Cracow", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 460, OL 6112221M
13. "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
14. Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Die europäischen Großmächte: Oesterreich". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung. Größere Städte ... in Galizien
15. Maria Kocojowa (1994). "Poland". In Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald G. Davis, Jr. Encyclopedia of Library History.
16. Józef Rostafiński (1891). Przewodnik po Krakowie i okolicy [Guide to Kraków] (in Polish). Kraków.
17. "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899.
18. "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913.
19. Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
20. "Poland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via Hathi Trust.
21. Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
22. "Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved April 2015.
23. "Poland". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved April 2015.
24. Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Kraków". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
25. Howard Hughes; et al. (2003). "Significance of European 'Capital of Culture' for Tourism and Culture: The Case of Kraków 2000". International Journal of Arts Management 5. JSTOR 41064794.
26. Steven Saxonberg and Magdalena Waligórska (2006). "Klezmer in Kraków: Kitsch, or Catharsis for Poles?". Ethnomusicology 50. JSTOR 20174469.
27. "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved December 2015.
28. "36 Hours in Krakow", New York Times, 29 September 2011
29. "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland. Review Tables: Cities

This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 18th-19th century

• William Coxe (1784), "Cracow", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, London: T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
• Abraham Rees (1819), "Cracow", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
• John Russell (1828), "Cracow", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC 614379840
• David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Cracow". Edinburgh Encyclopædia 7. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker.
• Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Cracow". Geography. English Cyclopaedia 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co.
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Cracow". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
• George Henry Townsend (1877), "Cracow", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
• David Kay (1880), "Principal Towns: Cracow", Austria-Hungary, Foreign Countries and British Colonies, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington
• Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Cracow", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555

Published in the 20th century

• "Cracow", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
• "Cracow". Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria (15th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1903 – via Google Books.
• "Cracow". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York. 1908.
• "Cracow", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cracow", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
• "Cracow". Austria-Hungary (11th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1911.
• Leonard Lepszy (1912), Cracow, the royal capital of ancient Poland, London: T.F. Unwin
• K.Z. Sowa (1984). "The development of Kraków in the nineteenth century against the background of the historic role of the city." (in) B. Hamm and B. Jaowiecki (eds.), Urbanism and human values. Bonn: BFLR, pp. 101–128.
• George Lerski (1996). "Cracow". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.

Published in the 21st century

• Laurențiu Rădvan (2010), "Towns in the Kingdom of Poland: Wroclaw and Krakow", At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities, Translated by Valentin Cîrdei, Leiden: Brill, p. 47+, ISBN 9789004180109
• Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Krakow". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.

External links