Titanium aluminium nitride

Aluminium titanium nitride (AlTiN) coated endmills using cathodic arc deposition technique

Titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) or aluminium titanium nitride (AlTiN; for aluminium contents higher 50 at.%) stands for a group of metastable hard coatings consisting of the metallic elements aluminium and titanium, and nitrogen. Four important compositions (metal content 100 at.%) are deposited in industrial scale by physical vapor deposition methods:

The fundamental reasons why TiAlN coatings outperform pure TiN coatings are considered to be:

The age hardening phenomena has been shown to originate in a mismatch in the quantum mechanical electronic structure of TiN and AlN.[4]

The coatings are mostly deposited by cathodic arc deposition or magnetron sputtering. Even though most TiAlN and AlTiN coatings are industrially synthesized using alloy targets with specific percentages of aluminium and titanium it is possible to produce TiAlN coatings with pure Al and Ti targets using a cathodic arc deposition technique. TiAlN and AlTiN coatings from pure Al and pure Ti targets by Cathodic arc deposition have been produced industrially by NanoShield PVD Thailand since 1999. By using separate target technology it is possible to offer more flexibility regarding the structure and composition of the coating.

Selected properties of Al66Ti34N are:

One commercial coating type used to improved the wear resistance of tungsten carbide tools is the AlTiN-Saturn from Sulzer Metaplas.[5]

The coatings are sometimes doped with at least one of the elements carbon, silicon, boron, oxygen or yttrium in order to improve selected properties for specific applications. These coatings are also used to create multilayer systems. For example they can be used in combination with TiSiXN like those used in the Mpower coating family of Sulzer Metaplas. The coating types mentioned above are applied to protect tools including special tools for medical applications. They are also used as decorative finishes.

One derivative of TiAlN coating technology is the nanocomposite TiAlSiN (titanium aluminium silicon nitride) which was developed by SHM in the Czech Republic and now marketed by Platit of Switzerland. The nanocomposite TiAlSiN coating exhibits superhard hardness and outstanding high temperature workability.

References

  1. Leyendecker, T; Lemmer, O; Esser, S; Ebberink, J (1991). "The development of the PVD coating TiAlN as a commercial coating for cutting tools". Surface and Coatings Technology 48: 175. doi:10.1016/0257-8972(91)90142-J.
  2. Vetter, J (1995). "Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application". Surface and Coatings Technology. 76-77: 719. doi:10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9.
  3. Mayrhofer, Paul H.; Hörling, Anders; Karlsson, Lennart; Sjölén, Jacob; Larsson, Tommy; Mitterer, Christian; Hultman, Lars (2003). "Self-organized nanostructures in the Ti–Al–N system". Applied Physics Letters 83: 2049. doi:10.1063/1.1608464.
  4. Alling, B.; Ruban, A.; Karimi, A.; Peil, O.; Simak, S.; Hultman, L.; Abrikosov, I. (2007). "Mixing and decomposition thermodynamics of c-Ti1−xAlxN from first-principles calculations". Physical Review B 75. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.045123.
  5. PVD High-Performance Coating

External links

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