Tuapse

Tuapse (English)
Туапсе (Russian)
Тӏуапсэ (Adyghe)
-  Town[1]  -

Black Sea coast near Tuapse in November

Location of Krasnodar Krai in Russia
Tuapse
Location of Tuapse in Krasnodar Krai
Coordinates: 44°06′16″N 39°04′38″E / 44.10444°N 39.07722°E / 44.10444; 39.07722Coordinates: 44°06′16″N 39°04′38″E / 44.10444°N 39.07722°E / 44.10444; 39.07722
Coat of arms
Flag
Town Day First Sunday of July[2]
Administrative status (as of May 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject Krasnodar Krai[1]
Administratively subordinated to Town of Tuapse[1]
Administrative center of Town of Tuapse,[1] Tuapsinsky District[1]
Municipal status (as of June 2009)
Municipal district Tuapsinsky Municipal District[3]
Urban settlement Tuapsinskoye Urban Settlement[3]
Administrative center of Tuapsinsky Municipal District,[3] Tuapsinskoye Urban Settlement[3]
Head[4] Alexander Chekhov[5]
Representative body Council[6]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 63,292 inhabitants[7]
- Rank in 2010 250th
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[8]
Founded 1864[9]
Town status since ca. 1896[9]
Postal code(s)[10] 352800–352803, 352808, 352859
Dialing code(s) +7 86167[11]
Official website
Tuapse on Wikimedia Commons

Tuapse (Russian: Туапсе́; Adyghe: Тӏуапсэ [tʷʼapsə]) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi. Population: 63,292 (2010 Census);[7] 64,238 (2002 Census);[12] 63,081 (1989 Census).[13]

Tuapse is a sea port and the northern center of a resort zone which extends south to Sochi.

History

Early history

Map of the kingdom of Georgia at the peak of its power (1184-1223). Nicopsia (Tuapse) was the kingdom's most Northerly outpost.

Tuapse was originally known by the name of Nicopsis since its founding as a colony by the Greeks. It was integrated into the kingdom of Abkhazia and then into the kingdom of Georgia, from the eleventh century. With the chaos of the sixteenth century, Georgia lost Nicopsia to the Circassians. Tuapse is a large center (native land) for the Shapsugs tribe[14] with other areas in Circassia, with about 10,000 speakers of the language living in Tuapse. The name of the town is itself Adyghe (literally meaning "two waters")[15] since Tuapse was part of historical Circassia and it became a part of Russia during the rule of Tsar Alexander I in 1801-1825. In early Greek sources the town was also attested as Topsida.

Modern history

The modern settlement dates back to 1838, when the Russian fort of Velyaminovsky was established in the area after this region became a part of Russia in 1829 by Treaty of Adrianople.[9] During the Crimean War, the Ottomans seized the fort and held it for two years (1857–1859). The village of Velyaminovskoye (Вельяминовское) was established here in 1864; it is the village that later became Tuapse.[9] Town status was granted to Tuapse in 1896.[9]

The Soviets developed Tuapse as an oil terminal and depot. An oil pipeline from Grozny and Maykop was in operation by 1928, designed by Vladimir Shukhov. An oil refinery dates from the same period. No later than 1941, Tuapse's status was changed to that of a town of the krai subordination.[9]

During World War II, the German military attempted to seize the town during the Battle of the Caucasus, which caused major damage to Tuapse.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tuapse serves as the administrative center of Tuapsinsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Tuapse—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Tuapse is incorporated within Tuapsinsky Municipal District as Tuapsinskoye Urban Settlement.[3]

Climate

Tuapse has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa).[16]

Average Sea Temperature (1977-2006).[18]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average temperature 8.9 °C 8.0 °C 8.7 °C 11.0 °C 15.2 °C 19.5 °C 23.7 °C 25.0 °C 22.4 °C 18.8 °C 14.2 °C 10.7. °C

Transport

Express train Moscow—Adler leaving platform 1 of Tuapse station

Tuapse is one of the key transport hubs of the Black Sea coast of the Russian Federation. The city's location determines its key importance to ensure a ground connection with the Spa capital of the country — the city of Sochi, and also makes an important item in the export commodities of the country (oil, fertilizer, coal, etc.).

There is a railway station in Tuapse.

Miscellaneous

The sea coast between Dzhubga and Tuapse.

The Russian Children Center Orlyonok (former All-Russian SFSR Young Pioneer camp) is located there. The world chess champion Vladimir Kramnik and 2005 Miss Universe winner, Natalie Glebova, were born in Tuapse.

Twin towns and sister cities

Tuapse is twinned with:

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03
  2. ↑ Charter of Tuapse, Article 1.2
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Law #745-KZ
  4. ↑ Charter of Tuapse, Article 22
  5. ↑ Official website of Tuapse [Head of the Town] (Russian)
  6. ↑ Charter of Tuapse, Article 23
  7. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  8. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Азаренкова, А. С.; И. Ю. Бондарь, Н. С. Вертышева (1986) [1986]. Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985 гг.) (in Russian). Краснодарское книжное издательство. p. 269. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
  10. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  11. ↑ http://www.rt.ru/help-info/mg/index.php?SELECTED_CHAR=%D2
  12. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  13. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  14. ↑ http://www.aheku.org/page-id-3074.html
  15. ↑ http://www.adm.tuapse.ru/o-tuapse/istoriya.html Official Website of Tuapse (Russian)
  16. ↑ "Guwahati vs Tuapse Climate & Distance Between". http://www.guwahati.climatemps.com. External link in |journal= (help)
  17. ↑ "Tuapse Climate Data". Climatebase. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
  18. ↑ Tuapse Water temperature 1977-2006 (in Russian), Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  19. ↑ "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Retrieved 2013-12-26.

Sources

External links

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