Trap music

This article is about the genre of music. For other uses, see Trap.

Trap music is a music genre that originated in the early 1990s in the Southern United States.[1][2] It is typified by its aggressive lyrical content and sound, where the instrumentals are propelled by 808 kick drums or heavy extended sub-bass lines, double-time, triple-time and other faster time division hi-hats,[3] layered synthesizers, and "cinematic" strings.[4][5]

Characteristics

An instrumental sample of Young Jeezy's song "U Know What It Is" off his 2006 album The Inspiration showcases an example of Shawty Redd's signature trap sound that was prominent during the mid-to-late 2000's.

Trap music is defined by its ominous, bleak, gritty and belligerent lyrical content which varies widely according to artist. Typical lyrical themes portrayed include observations of hardship in the "trap", street life, poverty, violence and harsh experiences in urban surroundings.[6]


Trap music incorporates an extensive use of multi-layered hard-lined and melodic synthesizers; crisp, grimy and rhythmic snares; deep 808 sub-bass kick drums or heavy sub-bass lines; double-time, triple-time and similarly divided hi-hats; and a cinematic and symphonic utilization of string, brass and keyboard instruments creating an overall dark, harsh, grim and bleak atmosphere for the listener.[4][5][7][6] These primary characteristics would go on to be the signature sound of trap music originating from producer Shawty Redd. The tempo of a typical trap beat is around 140 BPM.[8]

History

The term "trap" is used to refer to the place where drug deals are made and how it is difficult to escape the lifestyle. The term originated in Atlanta, Georgia where rappers Cool Breeze, Dungeon Family, Outkast, Goodie Mob, and Ghetto Mafia were some of the first to use the term in their music. Fans and critics started to refer to rappers whose primary lyrical topic was drug dealing, as "trap rappers."[4] David Drake of Complex wrote that "the trap in the early 2000's wasn't a genre, it was a real place", and the term was later adopted to describe the "music made about that place."[9] In the early 1990s, rappers UGK, 8Ball & MJG, Three 6 Mafia, Cool Breeze, Master P, and Ghetto Mafia were among the first rappers to introduce the "trap" lifestyle into their music. In 1992, UGK's "Pocket Full of Stones" was one of the earliest trap records to be released from their major-label debut album Too Hard to Swallow. It was also featured in the 1993 film Menace II Society. In 1996, Master P released his single "Mr. Ice Cream Man" off his fifth studio album Ice Cream Man.

During the early-to-mid 2000s, trap music began to emerge as a recognized genre after the mainstream success of a number of albums and singles with lyrics that covered topics about life in "the trap", drug dealing and the struggle for success.[5] Several Southern rappers with drug dealer personas such as T.I., Young Jeezy, Gucci Mane, Yo Gotti and Rick Ross produced crossover hits and helped expand the popularity of the genre, with trap records beginning to appear more heavily on mixtapes and radio stations outside of the South.[2] Though trap artists were somewhat diverse in their production styles, the signature and quintessential trap sound (typically based around synth, orchestra and string swells with tight, bass-heavy 808 kick drums) that would come to be associated with the genre developed in Atlanta during trap's mid-2000s breakthrough. Some of the notable trap producers during the mid to late 2000s include DJ Toomp, Fatboi, Drumma Boy, Shawty Redd, D. Rich and Zaytoven. The first wave of the trap sound developed was influenced by earlier Southern producers such as Lil Jon, Mannie Fresh and DJ Paul.

With the exception of Outkast, let me think, Goodie Mob... with the exception of that, before I came in the game, it was Lil Jon, Outkast, Goodie Mob, okay so you had Crunk music and you had Organized Noise. There was no such thing as trap music, I created that, I created that. I coined the term, it was my second album, Trap Muzik it dropped in 2003. After that, there was an entire new genre of music created. An open lane for each of you to do what you do, and live your lives, on T.V., and be accepted by the masses. The masses have accepted you 'cause I opened the door and you walked through it. Don't forget who opened that door cuz.

“
”

— Atlanta-based rapper T.I., in a December 2012 interview.[10]

By the end of the decade, a second wave of trap artists continued to gain momentum and frequently top the Billboard hip hop charts.[2] Trap producer Lex Luger broke out of relative obscurity, gained huge popularity, and went on to produce more than 200 songs between 2010 and 2011, including a number of singles for popular mainstream rap artists such as Rick Ross' "B.M.F. (Blowin' Money Fast)", Kanye West and Jay-Z's "H•A•M", and Waka Flocka Flame's "Hard in da Paint".[2][4][11][12] Since Luger's rise, his signature trap sound has been the heavy use of 808s, crisp snares, fast hihats, synth keys, and orchestration of brass, strings, woodwind, and keyboards.[6] Many of his sounds have since been adopted and incorporated by other hip hop producers, trying to replicate his success, as Luger is often credited with popularizing the modern trap sound.[13] Since the 2010s, an array of modern trap producers have gained popularity, most notably 808 Mafia, Southside, Sonny Digital, Young Chop, Lil Lody, Drumma Drama, DJ Spinz, and Metro Boomin.[14] Some producers expanded their range to other genres, such as R&B (Mike WiLL Made It) and electronic music (AraabMuzik).[3]

Throughout 2011 and 2012, trap songs maintained a strong presence on the mainstream Billboard music charts with a number of records released by rappers such as Young Jeezy, Chief Keef and Future.[2] Jeezy's single "Ballin" reached #57 on the Billboard charts and was considered one of Jeezy's best tracks in some time.[14] Future's single, "Turn On The Lights", was certified gold and entered at #50 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and Keef's "I Don't Like" and "Love Sosa" generated over 30 million views on YouTube, spawning a new subgenre within trap called drill. Music critics called drill production style the "sonic cousin to skittish footwork, southern-fried hip-hop and the 808 trigger-finger of trap." Young Chop is frequently identified by critics as the genre's most characteristic producer.[15][16][17] The sound of trap producer Lex Luger's music is a major influence on drill,[16][18] and Young Chop identified Shawty Redd, Drumma Boy and Zaytoven as important precursors to the drill movement.[17] "I Don't Like" inspired fellow Chicago native, notable hip hop producer and rapper Kanye West to create a remix of the song, which was included on his label GOOD Music's compilation album Cruel Summer. Stelios Phili of "GQ" called trap music "the sound of hip hop in 2012."[19]

Since maintaining a strong presence on the mainstream music charts, trap music has been utilized by non-hip hop artists. R&B singer Beyoncé's songs "Drunk in Love", "Flawless" and "7/11", all from her 2013 album Beyoncé, also contained trap influences. American dance-pop singer Lady Gaga recorded a trap-inspired song titled "Jewels 'n Drugs" for her 2013 album Artpop, featuring rappers T.I., Too Short and Twista. The combination of pop and trap music was met with mixed responses from critics.[20][21] In September 2013, American pop singer Katy Perry released a song titled "Dark Horse" featuring rapper Juicy J, from her 2013 album Prism, that incorporated trap flavors.[22][23] The song reached the pinnacle of the Billboard Hot 100 by the end of January 2014.[24]

In May 2015, trap music once again surfaced the top of mainstream music charts as New Jersey rapper Fetty Wap's hit single "Trap Queen" peaked at number 2 on the United States Billboard Hot 100.[25] Wap's subsequent singles, "My Way" and "679," also reached the top 20 of the US Billboard Hot 100, making him the first male rapper to have three songs in the top 20 since Eminem in 2013.[26]

Stylistic developments

An example of EDM with trap inspired elements.

In 2012, electronic dance music (EDM) which incorporated elements of trap music, such as "trap house", "trap-ah-ton", and "trapstep" began gaining popularity.[27] Most of these subgenres combined snare and high-hats typical to hip-hop music and sub-bass and slow tempos of dubstep,[4] creating "dirty, aggressive beats [and] dark melodies."[27] Electronic music producers, such as Diplo, TNGHT, Baauer, Keys N Krates, Bro Safari, Luminox, Flosstradamus, RL Grime, and Yellow Claw expanded the popularity, and brought wider attention to the derivative forms of trap.[28] This so called “EDM Trap” genre saw the use of techno, dub, and dutch house sounds combined with the Roland TR-808 drum samples and vocal samples typical of trap.[28]

In the later half of 2012, these various offshoots of trap became increasingly popular and made a noticeable impact on the American electronic dance music scene.[28] The music was initially dubbed simply as "trap" by producers and fans, which led to the term "trap" being used to address the music of both rappers and electronic producers, to much confusion among followers of both. Instead of referring to a single genre, the term "trap" has been used to describe two separate genres of hip hop and dance music.[9] The new wave of the genre has been labeled by some as EDM trap to distinguish it from the rap genre.[27][28][29] The evolving EDM trap has seen incorporation and stylistic influences from dubstep, in which trap has been hailed as the superseding phase of dubstep during the mid 2010s. The new phase typically plays at 140 BPM with strong bass drops, which has been growing in popularity since 2013.[30]

In 2013, a fan-made video of electronic trap producer Baauer's track "Harlem Shake" became an internet meme, propelling the track to become the first trap song to hit #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.[31] Five popular EDM trap producers performed at the 2013 Ultra Music Festival in the United States – Carnage, ƱZ, DJ Craze, Baauer and Flosstradamus.[27] The 2013 Tomorrowland festival featured a "Trap Stage".

On February 10, 2013, All Trap Music released their debut compilation album which featured 19 tracks from artists such as RL Grime, Flosstradamus, Baauer, Bro Safari, Buku, 12th Planet, Hucci and UZ. Described by the music press as the first album of its kind[32][33] it reached number two in the iTunes dance chart with Vibe Magazine stating it was "the world’s biggest selling EDM trap album ever."[30] In 2013, DJ Snake and Lil Jon released the single "Turn Down For What", became both a commercial hit charting in several countries and a critical hit. Rolling Stone voted "Turn Down For What" as the 2nd best song of the year 2014, saying that, "The year's nutsiest party jam was also the perfect protest banger for a generation fed up with everything. DJ Snake brings the synapse-rattling EDM and Southern trap music; Lil Jon brings the dragon-fire holler for a hilarious, glorious, glowstick-punk fuck you."[34] Trap music has also found fame internationally, especially in South Korea. In November 2014, the K-pop duo G-Dragon and Taeyang of the South Korean boy band BIGBANG, released their single "Good Boy", where it incorporated strong elements of trap and electronic flavors. The single garnered 2 million views in less than 24 hours and was met with positive reviews from music critics.[35]

References

  1. ↑ Phili, Stelios. "Fighting Weight: From the Trap to the Treadmill". GQ. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "The trap phenomenon explained". DJ Mag. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  3. 1 2 Quit Screwing with Trap Music: An Interview with Houston-Born Producer Lōtic Vice > Motherboard
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Raymer, Miles. "Who owns trap?". Chicago Reader. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 Joseph Patterson (January 19, 2013). "Trap Music: The Definitive Guide". Topman. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 Alex Pappademas (November 4, 2011). "Lex Luger Can Write a Hit Rap Song in the Time It Takes to Read This". NY Times. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  7. ↑ It's a Trap! An 11-Part History of Trap Music, From DJ Screw to Gucci Mane to Flosstradamus Miami New Times
  8. ↑ "DJ Johnny Terror Spins BASE @ Space". Theylife. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  9. 1 2 Drake, David. "The Commodification of Southern Rap's Drug-Fueled Subgenre". Complex. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  10. ↑ Rose Lilah (18 December 2012). "T.I. Speaks On Trap Music Genre, Says He Created It". HotNewHipHop.
  11. ↑ Rob Markman (August 3, 2011). "‘Watch The Throne’ Shines Light On And Up And Coming Producers". Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  12. ↑ Patrick Lyons (February 12, 2014). "Behind The Boards Producer Profile: Lex Luger". Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  13. ↑ Johnson, James (22 March 2016). "Lex Luger ‘Lex Luger Experience: The Tour Vol. 1’". Mass Appeal. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  14. 1 2 MATTHEW SCHNIPPER (Aug 26, 2011). "Beat Construction: Lil Lody". Fader. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  15. ↑ "Hip-Hop in 2013... for Dummies (Part 2: The Producers)". Fact. April 19, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  16. 1 2 Battan, Carrie (December 28, 2012). "One Nation Under Drill". Pitchfork. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  17. 1 2 Cho, Jaeki (February 7, 2013). "Young Chop Talks Lex Luger, Chief Keef, and Studio Habits". XXL. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  18. ↑ Delerme, Felipe (August 21, 2012). "Chief Keef: Lost Boys". The Fader. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  19. ↑ Phili, Stelios. "Fighting Weight: From the Trap to the Treadmill". GQ. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  20. ↑ "Lady Gaga Artpop". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
  21. ↑ "Lady Gaga 'ARTPOP' review: What's the verdict?". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
  22. ↑ Lipshutz, Jason (September 6, 2013). "Katy Perry's 'Prism' Album Preview: 10 Things You Need To Know". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
  23. ↑ "Listen: Katy Perry goes trap with Juicy J on "Dark Horse"". Consequence of Sound. September 17, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
  24. ↑ Trust, Gary. "Katy Perry's 'Dark Horse' Gallops to No. 1 on Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  25. ↑ "The Break Presents: Fetty Wap", XXL, November 18, 2014, retrieved February 25, 2015
  26. ↑ "Cheerleader" spends third week at No. 1 on Hot 100". Billboard.com.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Bein, Kat. "Top Five Trap Stars at Ultra Music Festival 2013". Miami New Times. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  28. 1 2 3 4 "What is Trap Music? Trap Music Explained". Run The Trap. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  29. ↑ Isenberg, Daniel. "The Top 10 EDM Trap Tunes So Far". Complex. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  30. 1 2 "'What the hell is Trap music (And why is Dubstep involved)'". LA Weekly. 2012-04-10. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
  31. ↑ Wagner, David (February 13, 2013). "The Harlem Shake Meme Is Dead". The Atlantic Wire. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on February 19, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
  32. ↑ Herr, Lindsay (2014-08-14). "All Trap Music Mini Mix". Earmilk. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  33. ↑ "V Premiere: "All Trap Music" Minimix from AEI". Vibe. 2013-01-28. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  34. ↑ "Turn Down For What". Rolling Stone.
  35. ↑ Benjamin, Jeff (20 November 2014). "G-Dragon & Taeyang Combine Powers for Big, Booming Banger 'Good Boy". Billboard. Billboard.com. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
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