Süper Lig

This article is about the league in Turkey. For the league in Northern Cyprus, see Süper Lig (Northern Cyprus).

Spor Toto Süper Lig

Country	Turkey
Confederation	UEFA
Founded	1959^[1]
First season	1959 Milli Lig
Number of teams	18
Level on pyramid	1
Relegation to	TFF First League
Domestic cup(s)	Turkish Cup Turkish Super Cup
International cup(s)	UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League
Current champions	Galatasaray (20th title) (2014–15)
Most championships	Galatasaray (20 titles)
Most capped player	Oğuz Çetin (503 matches)^[2]
Top goalscorer	Hakan Şükür (249 goals)^[3]
TV partners	Lig TV TRT (Highlights only) MP & Silva (Global highlights)
Website	Süper Lig
2015–16 Süper Lig

The Süper Lig (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈsypæɾ liɟ], Super League) is a Turkish professional league for association football clubs. It is the top-flight of the Turkish football league system. It is one of the top leagues in the UEFA confederation, and the winner of the competition automatically qualifies for the UEFA Champions League group stage. Eighteen clubs compete annually, where a champion is decided and three clubs are promoted and relegated from, and to, the 1. Lig. The season runs from August to May, with each club playing 34 matches. Matches are played Friday through Monday. It is sponsored by Spor Toto and therefore officially known as the Spor Toto Süper Lig.^[4]

The competition formed as the Milli Lig in 1958. It was the first national league competition held in Turkey. Previously, league competitions took place in a few cities, including Adana, Ankara, Eskişehir, Istanbul, Izmir, Kayseri, and Trabzon. It is currently ranked 11th in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the last five years. A total of 67 clubs have competed in the Süper Lig, but just 5 have won the title: Galatasaray (20), Fenerbahçe (19), Beşiktaş (13, normally 11), Trabzonspor (6) and Bursaspor (1).

History

Football in Turkey stems back to the late 19th century, when Englishmen brought the game with them while living in Thessaloníki. The first league competition was the Istanbul Football League, which took place in 1904–05. The first champions were Imogene FC. The league went through several variations until the creation of the Milli Lig in 1959. Between the creation of the Istanbul Football League and Milli Lig, several other city leagues took place: Adana (1923), Ankara (1923), Eskişehir (1920), Izmir (1923), Kayseri (1936), and Trabzon (1923). The Milli Küme was the first step towards a national league competition.

Fenerbahçe-Galatasaray match photo of the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium

Started in 1937, the Milli Küme was an inter-city competition between clubs in Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir. The competition lasted until 1950. The Federation Cup was created in 1956 and used as a cup competition to decide a champion. This champion would go on to participate in the European Cup. The cup competition was held for two years until it was replaced by the Milli Lig. Beşiktaş won both times, and represented twice Turkey in the European Cup during the two-year span.^[5]^[6]^[7]

The top clubs from Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir competed in the 1959 Milli Lig. The first season took place in the calendar year of 1959, instead of 1958-59, because the qualifying stages took place in 1958. The 16 clubs who competed in the first season were: Adalet (İstanbul), Altay (İzmir), Ankaragücü, Ankara Demirspor, Beşiktaş (İstanbul), Beykoz (İstanbul), Fatih Karagümrük (İstanbul), Fenerbahçe (İstanbul), Galatasaray (İstanbul), Gençlerbirliği (Ankara), Göztepe (İzmir), Hacettepe (Ankara), İstanbulspor, İzmirspor, Karşıyaka (İzmir Province) and Vefa (Istanbul). Just four of those clubs are still competing in the Süper Lig: Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray and Gençlerbirliği. The first champions were Fenerbahçe and the first Gol Kralı (Goal King) was Metin Oktay. No clubs were promoted or relegated at the end of the first season.^[8]

The 2.Lig (Second League) was created at the start of the 1963–64 season and the Milli Lig or Turkish National League became known as the 1.Lig (First League). Before the creation of a second league, the bottom three clubs competed with regional league winners in a competition called the Baraj Games. The top three teams of the seven team group were promoted to the Milli Lig. After the creation of a new second division in 2001, known as the 1.Lig, the formerly titled 1.Lig became the Süper Lig.^[9] The Fenerbahçe vs Galatasaray is probably the most watched football game in Turkey.

Competition format

Current design of the Süper Lig Trophy, in use since 2015.

There are 18 clubs in the Süper Lig. During the course of the season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 34 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then head-to-head record, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion. If points are equal, the head-to head record and then goal difference determine the winner. The three lowest placed teams are relegated to the 1.Lig and the top two teams from the 1.Lig, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed 1.Lig clubs, are promoted in their place.^[10]

Qualification for European competitions

Qualification for European competitions is as follows: champions qualify for the group stage of the Champions League, runners-up qualify for the third qualifying round of the Champions League, third place qualifies for the third qualifying round of the Europa League, and fourth place qualifies for the second qualifying round of the same competition. A fifth spot is given to the winner of the Turkish Cup, who qualify for the play-off round of the Europa League. If the Turkish Cup winner has already qualified for European competition through their league finish, the next highest placed club in the league takes their place.

Teams

Main article: 2015–16 Süper Lig

İstanbul

Gençlerbirliği
Osmanlıspor

Location of teams in 2015–16 Süper Lig

Kayserispor, Osmanlıspor and Antalyaspor were promoted from the 2014–15 TFF First League. Balıkesirspor, Karabükspor and Kayseri Erciyesspor were relegated to the 2015–16 TFF First League.

The following 18 clubs compete in the 2015-16 Süper Lig.

Club	City	Position in 2014–15	First season in top division	Number of seasons in top division	First season of current spell	Top division titles	Last title
Akhisar Belediyespor^b	Akhisar	12th	2012-13	4	2012-13	—
Antalyaspor	Antalya	First League: 5th	1982–83	20	2015–16	—
Beşiktaş JK^a ^b	Istanbul	3rd	1959	58	1959	13	2008–09
Bursaspor	Bursa	6th	1967–68	47	2006–07	1	2009–10
Çaykur Rizespor	Rize	14th	1979-80	16	2013–14	—
Eskişehirspor	Eskişehir	11th	1966–67	30	2008–09	—
Fenerbahçe^a ^b	Istanbul	2nd	1959	58	1959	19	2013-14
Galatasaray^a ^b	Istanbul	1st	1959	58	1959	20	2014-15
Gaziantepspor	Gaziantep	10th	1979–80	30	1990–91	—
Gençlerbirliği^a	Ankara	9th	1959	44	1989–90	—
İstanbul Başakşehir	Istanbul	4th	2007-08	8	2014–15	—
Kasımpaşa S.K.	İstanbul	13th	1959-60	12	2012-13	—
Kayserispor	Kayseri	First League: 1st	2004-05	11	2015–16	—
Mersin İdmanyurdu	Mersin	7th	1967-68	15	2014–15	—
Konyaspor	Konya	8th	1988-89	15	2013–14	—
Osmanlıspor	Ankara	First League: 2nd	2004-2005	6	2015–16	—
Sivasspor^b	Sivas	15th	2005–06	11	2005–06	—
Trabzonspor^b	Trabzon	5th	1974–75	42	1974–75	6	1983-1984

^a Founding member of the Süper Lig
^b Never been relegated from the Süper Lig

Champions

Main article: List of Turkish football champions

Only 5 clubs have been champions since the beginning of the Super League in 1959: Galatasaray 20 times, Fenerbahçe 19 times, Beşiktaş 13 times, Trabzonspor 6 and Bursaspor 1 time.

Team	Winners	Runners-up	Years won
Galatasaray	20	10	1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1979, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
Fenerbahçe	19	20	1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2014
Beşiktaş	13	14	1957, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1974, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2009
Trabzonspor	6	8	1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1995, 1996, 2004, 2005, 2011
Bursaspor	1	-	2010
Eskişehirspor	-	3	1969, 1970, 1972
Adanaspor	-	1	1981
Sivasspor	-	1	2009

*NOTE: Beşiktaş formally requested that championships won in the 1956/57 and 1957/58 versions of the Turkish Federation Cup be counted as Turkish Professional First Division championships to the Turkish Football Federation. The ruling on this matter was announced in a press release on March 25, 2002 which indicated that the championships won by Beşiktaş in the Turkish Federation Cup will be considered as national championships but the Turkish Federation Cup can not be considered as the precursor to the Turkish Professional First Division (later named Süper Lig) and as such these titles can not be categorized as a Turkish Professional First Division (or Süper Lig) titles. Based on this ruling, the Turkish Federation Cup wins by Beşiktaş count towards the star rating system, giving Beşiktaş two more championships for the purposes of the star rating system than the number of Süper Lig titles won by the club.

Star rating system

Clubs are permitted to place a golden star above their crest on their uniforms for every five national championships won. For the 2015/16 season Galatasaray are permitted four golden stars, Fenerbahçe are permitted three golden stars, Beşiktaş are permitted two golden stars, and Trabzonspor are permitted one golden star to be placed above their crest on their jerseys.^[11]

Participation in the league (2015-16 season is included)

58 seasons: Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray
49 seasons: MKE Ankaragücü
47 seasons: Bursaspor
44 seasons: Gençlerbirliği
42 seasons: Trabzonspor
41 seasons: Altay
30 seasons: Samsunspor, Eskişehirspor, Gaziantepspor
25 seasons: Göztepe
23 seasons: İstanbulspor
21 seasons: Adanaspor
20 seasons: Boluspor, Kocaelispor, Antalyaspor
19 seasons: Denizlispor
17 seasons: Adana Demirspor
16 seasons: Karşıyaka S.K., Çaykur Rizespor
15 seasons: Konyaspor, Mersin İdmanyurdu

14 seasons: Vefa SK, Zonguldakspor^[12]
13 seasons: Ankara Demirspor, Kayseri Erciyesspor,^[13] Sarıyer
12 seasons: Türk Telekomspor, Kasımpaşa
11 seasons: Diyarbakırspor,^[14] Malatyaspor, Orduspor, Sakaryaspor, Kayserispor,^[15] Sivasspor
10 seasons: Altınordu, Şekerspor (Now Turanspor), İzmirspor
09 seasons: Feriköy
08 seasons: Beykozspor, Kardemir Karabükspor, Keçiörengücü (Hacettepe)
07 seasons: Başakşehir^[16]
06 seasons: Osmanlıspor, Karagümrük, Giresunspor, Manisaspor
05 seasons: Vanspor (Became Van İl Özel İdarespor in 2004 and closed in 2014), Zeytinburnuspor
04 seasons: Elazığspor, Akhisar Belediyespor
03 seasons: Aydınspor, Bakırköyspor, Çanakkale Dardanelspor, Erzurumspor^[17]
02 seasons: Akçaabat Sebatspor, Adalet, Balıkesirspor, Beyoğluspor, Hacettepe, Yeşildirek, Yimpaş Yozgatspor
01 season: Bucaspor, Kahramanmaraşspor, Kırıkkalespor, Petrolofisi, Siirtspor^[18]

Teams in bold play in 2015-16 Süper Lig. Dissolved teams in italic.

All-time top scorers

For more details on this topic, see Süper Lig Top Scorers.

Rank	Player	Goals^[19]	Apps	Rate
1	Hakan Şükür	249	487	0.51
2	Tanju Çolak	240	281	0.85
3	Hami Mandirali	218	477	0.46
4	Metin Oktay	217	258	0.84
5	Aykut Kocaman	212	348	0.61
6	Feyyaz Uçar	198	409	0.48
7	Serkan Aykut	147	559	0.26
8	Fevzi Zemzem	144	356	0.40
9	Necati Ateş	140	362	0.39
10	Cenk İşler	137	349	0.39

As of 26 January 2015 (Bold denotes players still playing in the league).

All-time most appearances

For more details on this topic, see Football records in Turkey.

Rank	Player	Apps^[19]	Years
1	Oğuz Çetin	503	1981–2000
2	Rıza Çalımbay	494	1980–1996
3	Hakan Şükür	488	1987–2000, 2003–2008
4	Hami Mandıralı	476	1984–1998, 1999–2003
5	Kemal Yıldırım	475	1976–1995
6	Mehmet Nas	453	1997–2014
7	Recep Çetin	437	1984–2002
8	Bülent Korkmaz	430	1988–2005
9	Müjdat Yetkiner	429	1979–1995
10	Ömer Çatkıç	427	1995–2012

As of 18 May 2015 (Bold denotes players still playing in the league).

References

↑ "History TFF". tff.org.tr. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
↑ "Mackolik.com - iddaa, canlı sonuçlar, iddaa sonuçları, puan durumu, iddaa programı". Mackolik.com. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
↑ "Hakan Şükür". Mackolik.com. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
↑ "New Sponsor". SuperLigNews.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç Before the Turkish leagues turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç Federation Cup 56/57 turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç Federation Cup 57/58 turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç 1959 Milli Lig turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç 1963-1964 1. Lig turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010
↑ Official TFF competition rules
↑ Kárpáti, Tamás (21 May 2010). "List of champions". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
↑ (Dissolved in 2011) Zonguldakspor
↑ (before 2004-05 season played as Kayserispor)
↑ (Dissolved in 2013)
↑ (before 2004-05 season played as Kayseri Erciyesspor)
↑ (before 2014-15 season played as İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor). İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor
↑ (Dissolved in 2011)
↑ (Dissolved in 2014) Siirtspor
1 2 "Türkiye Spor Toto Süper Lig". Mackolik.com. Retrieved 11 November 2015.

External links

Spor Toto Süper Lig official website (Turkish)
Turkish Football Federation website (Turkish)
Turkey Süper Lig - Hailoosport.com

2015–16 Süper Lig

Teams	Akhisar Belediyespor Antalyaspor Beşiktaş Bursaspor Çaykur Rizespor Eskişehirspor Fenerbahçe Galatasaray Gaziantepspor Gençlerbirliği İstanbul Başakşehir Kayserispor Kasımpaşa Konyaspor Mersin İ.Y. Osmanlıspor Sivasspor Trabzonspor

Süper Lig

Milli Lig	1959 1959–60 1960–61 1961–62 1962–63

1. Lig	1963–64 1964–65 1965–66 1966–67 1967–68 1968–69 1969–70 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1973–74 1974–75 1975–76 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01

Süper Lig	2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

Champions	Galatasaray (20) Fenerbahçe (19) Beşiktaş (13) Trabzonspor (6) Bursaspor (1)

Current teams	Akhisar Belediyespor Antalyaspor Beşiktaş Bursaspor Çaykur Rizespor Eskişehirspor Fenerbahçe Galatasaray Gaziantepspor Gençlerbirliği İstanbul Başakşehir Kayserispor Kasımpaşa Konyaspor Mersin İ.Y. Osmanlıspor Sivasspor Trabzonspor

Former teams	Adaletspor Adana Demirspor Adanaspor Akçaabat Sebatspor Altay Altınordu Ankara Demirspor Aydınspor Bakırköyspor Balıkesirspor Belediye Vanspor Beykozspor Beyoğluspor Boluspor Bucaspor Çanakkale Dardanelspor Denizlispor Diyarbakırspor Erzurumspor Etimesgut Şekerspor Feriköy Giresunspor Göztepe Hacettepe İstanbulspor İzmirspor Kahramanmaraşspor Karabükspor Karagümrük Karşıyaka Kayseri Erciyesspor Keçiörengücü MKE Ankaragücü MKE Kırıkkalespor Kocaelispor Malatyaspor Manisaspor Mersin İdman Yurdu Orduspor Petrol Ofisi Spor PTT Sakaryaspor Samsunspor Sarıyer Siirtspor Vefa Yeşildirek Yimpaş Yozgatspor Zeytinburnuspor Zonguldakspor

Süper Lig champions

20 titles * * * *	Galatasaray 1961–62 1962–63 1968–69 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1986–87 1987–88 1992–93 1993–94 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2001–02 2005–06 2007–08 2011–12 2012–13 2014–15

19 titles * * *	Fenerbahçe 1959 1960–61 1963–64 1964–65 1967–68 1969–70 1973–74 1974–75 1977–78 1982–83 1984–85 1988–89 1995–96 2000–01 2003–04 2004–05 2006–07 2010–11 2013–14

13 titles * *	Beşiktaş 1956–57 1957–58 1959–60 1965–66 1966–67 1981–82 1985–86 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1994–95 2002–03 2008–09

6 titles *	Trabzonspor 1975–76 1976–77 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1983–84

1 title	Bursaspor 2009–10

Süper Lig top scorers

1959: M. Oktay (11)
1960: M. Oktay (33)
1961: M. Oktay (36)
1962: F. Elma (21)
1963: M. Oktay (38)
1964: G. Önüt (19)
1965: M. Oktay (17)
1966: E. Adatepe (20)
1967: E. Adatepe (18)
1968: F. Zemzem (19)
1969: M. Oktay (17)
1970: F. Heper (13)
1971: O. Altıparmak (16)
1972: F. Heper (20)
1973: O. Arpacıoğlu (16)
1974: C. Turan (14)
1975: Ö. Kaner (14)
1976: A. O. Renklibay / C. Turan (17)
1977: N. Perekli (18)
1978: C. Turan (17)
1979: Ö. Umdu (15)
1980: B. Yorulmaz / M. Denizli (12)
1981: B. Öztürk (15)
1982: S. Yula (16)
1983: S. Yula (19)
1984: Hodžić (16)
1985: A. Yiğit (20)
1986: T. Çolak (33)
1987: T. Çolak (25)
1988: T. Çolak (39)
1989: A. Kocaman (29)
1990: F. Uçar (28)
1991: T. Çolak (31)
1992: A. Kocaman (25)
1993: T. Çolak (27)
1994: B. Uygun (22)
1995: A. Kocaman (27)
1996: Arveladze (25)
1997: H. Şükür (38)
1998: H. Şükür (33)
1999: H. Şükür (18)
2000: S. Aykut (30)
2001: O. Yılmaz (23)
2002: A. Erdem / İ. Mansız (21)
2003: O. Yılmaz (24)
2004: Z. Biryol (25)
2005: F. Tekke (31)
2006: G. Ünal (25)
2007: Alex (19)
2008: S. Şentürk (17)
2009: Baroš (20)
2010: Makukula (21)
2011: Alex (28)
2012: B. Yılmaz (33)
2013: B. Yılmaz (24)
2014: Chahechouhe (17)
2015: Fernandão (22)

Football in Turkey

Turkish Football Federation

National teams

Men	Men's results footballers managers B U-21 Youth Futsal

Women	Women's U-21 U-19 U-17

Domestic leagues

Men	Süper Lig TFF First League TFF Second League TFF Third League Turkish Regional Amateur League Amatör Futbol Ligleri A2 Ligi

Women	First League Second League

Domestic cups

Defunct leagues

Defunct cups

Lists

Men	List of champions List of clubs (by foundation date) List of venues (by capacity) Foreign players All time table All time league positions

Women	List of clubs

Top-level football leagues in Europe (UEFA)

Active	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark England Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Georgia Germany Gibraltar Greece Hungary Iceland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Ireland Romania Russia San Marino Scotland Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Wales

Non-recognized	Crimea Isle of Man Kosovo Northern Cyprus

Defunct	Czechoslovakia East Germany Serbia and Montenegro Soviet Union Yugoslavia

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