UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase

UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
Rendering based on PDB 2Q3E​.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2Q3E​, 2QG4​, 3ITK​, 3KHU​, 3PRJ​, 3PTZ​, 3TDK​, 3TF5​, 4EDF​, 4QEJ​, 4RJT​
Identifiers
Symbols	UGDH ; GDH; UDP-GlcDH; UDPGDH; UGD
External IDs	OMIM: 603370 MGI: 1306785 HomoloGene: 2520 GeneCards: UGDH Gene
EC number	1.1.1.22
Gene ontology Molecular function • UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase activity • electron carrier activity • NAD binding Cellular component • nucleoplasm • cytosol • extracellular exosome Biological process • carbohydrate metabolic process • UDP-glucose metabolic process • glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process • UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process • xenobiotic metabolic process • small molecule metabolic process • cellular glucuronidation • oxidation-reduction process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7358	22235
Ensembl	ENSG00000109814	ENSMUSG00000029201
UniProt	O60701	O70475
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001184700	NM_009466
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001171629	NP_033492
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 39.5 – 39.53 Mb	Chr 5: 65.41 – 65.44 Mb
PubMed search

UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase is a cytosolic enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGDH gene.^[1][2][3]

The protein encoded by this gene converts UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronate and thereby participates in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate. These glycosylated compounds are common components of the extracellular matrix and likely play roles in signal transduction, cell migration, and cancer growth and metastasis. The expression of this gene is up-regulated by transforming growth factor beta and down-regulated by hypoxia.^[3]

This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic pathways: pentose and glucuronate interconversions, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and nucleotide sugars metabolism.

Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:NAD⁺ 6-oxidoreductase.

Other names in common use include:

• UDP-glucose dehydrogenase,
• uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase,
• UDPG dehydrogenase,
• UDPG:NAD oxidoreductase,
• UDP-alpha-D-glucose:NAD oxidoreductase,
• UDP-glucose:NAD⁺ oxidoreductase,
• uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase,
• UDP-D-glucose dehydrogenase, and
• uridine diphosphate D-glucose dehydrogenase.

Biochemistry

UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
Identifiers
EC number	1.1.1.22
CAS number	9028-26-6
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

In enzymology, a UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-glucose + 2 NAD⁺ + H₂O $\rightleftharpoons$ UDP-glucuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H⁺

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose, NAD⁺, and H₂O, whereas its 3 products are UDP-glucuronate, NADH, and H⁺

References:^[4][5][6][7]

References

1. Spicer AP, Kaback LA, Smith TJ, Seldin MF (Sep 1998). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human and mouse UDP-glucose dehydrogenase genes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (39): 25117–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.39.25117. PMID 9737970.
2. Marcu O, Stathakis DG, Marsh JL (Jan 2000). "Assignment of the UGDH locus encoding UDP-glucose dehydrogenase to human chromosome band 4p15.1 by radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 86 (3-4): 244–5. doi:10.1159/000015350. PMID 10575217.
3. "Entrez Gene: UGDH UDP-glucose dehydrogenase".
4. Druzhinina TN, Kusov YY, Shibaev VN, Kochetkov NK, Bielý P, Kucár S, Bauer S (Feb 1975). "Uridine diphosphate 2-deoxyglucose. Chemical synthesis, enzymic oxidation and epimerization". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 381 (2): 301–7. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(75)90236-6. PMID 1091296.
5. Kalckar HM, Maxwell ES, Strominger JL (Nov 1956). "Some properties of uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 65 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(56)90171-0. PMID 13373402.
6. Strominger JL, Mapson LW (Aug 1957). "Uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase of pea seedlings". The Biochemical Journal 66 (4): 567–72. doi:10.1042/bj0660567. PMC 1200063. PMID 13459898.
7. Axelrod J, Kalckar HM, Maxwell ES, Strominger JL (Jan 1957). "Enzymatic formation of uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 224 (1): 79–90. PMID 13398389.

Further reading

• Peng HL, Lou MD, Chang ML, Chang HY (Oct 1998). "cDNA cloning and expression analysis of the human UDPglucose dehydrogenase". Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China. Part B, Life Sciences 22 (4): 166–72. PMID 9850599.
• Bontemps Y, Maquart FX, Wegrowski Y (Sep 2000). "Human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene: complete cloning and transcription start mapping". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 275 (3): 981–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3389. PMID 10973831.
• Bontemps Y, Vuillermoz B, Antonicelli F, Perreau C, Danan JL, Maquart FX, Wegrowski Y (Jun 2003). "Specific protein-1 is a universal regulator of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase expression: its positive involvement in transforming growth factor-beta signaling and inhibition in hypoxia". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (24): 21566–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209366200. PMID 12682078.
• Sommer BJ, Barycki JJ, Simpson MA (May 2004). "Characterization of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. CYS-276 is required for the second of two successive oxidations". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (22): 23590–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401928200. PMID 15044486.
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW (Jun 2004). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nature Biotechnology 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197.
• Huh JW, Yoon HY, Lee HJ, Choi WB, Yang SJ, Cho SW (Sep 2004). "Importance of Gly-13 for the coenzyme binding of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (36): 37491–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404234200. PMID 15247292.
• Huh JW, Lee HJ, Choi MM, Yang SJ, Yoon SY, Kim DW, Kim SY, Choi SY, Cho SW (2005). "Identification of a UDP-glucose-binding site of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase by photoaffinity labeling and cassette mutagenesis". Bioconjugate Chemistry 16 (3): 710–6. doi:10.1021/bc0500387. PMID 15898741.
• Vatsyayan J, Peng HL, Chang HY (Jun 2005). "Analysis of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene promoter: identification of an Sp1 binding site crucial for the expression of the large transcript". Journal of Biochemistry 137 (6): 703–9. doi:10.1093/jb/mvi082. PMID 16002992.
• Wang L, Zhu YF, Guo XJ, Huo R, Ma X, Lin M, Zhou ZM, Sha JH (Oct 2005). "A two-dimensional electrophoresis reference map of human ovary". Journal of Molecular Medicine 83 (10): 812–21. doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0676-y. PMID 16021519.
• Vatsyayan J, Lin CT, Peng HL, Chang HY (Feb 2006). "Identification of a cis-acting element responsible for negative regulation of the human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene expression". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 70 (2): 401–10. doi:10.1271/bbb.70.401. PMID 16495656.
• Huh JW, Robinson RC, Lee HS, Lee JI, Heo YS, Kim HT, Lee HJ, Cho SW, Choe H (2006). "Expression, purification, crystallization, and preliminary X-Ray analysis of the human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase". Protein and Peptide Letters 13 (8): 859–62. doi:10.2174/092986606777841253. PMID 17073734.
• Easley KE, Sommer BJ, Boanca G, Barycki JJ, Simpson MA (Jan 2007). "Characterization of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase reveals critical catalytic roles for lysine 220 and aspartate 280". Biochemistry 46 (2): 369–78. doi:10.1021/bi061537d. PMID 17209547.