Uelkal
Uelkal (English) УÑлькаль (Russian) валъкалык (Yupik) | |
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- Rural locality[1] - Selo[1] | |
![]() Location of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in Russia | |
![]() ![]() Uelkal | |
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Administrative status (as of June 2009) | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug[1] |
Administrative district | Iultinsky District[2] |
Municipal status (as of June 2009) | |
Municipal district | Iultinsky Municipal District[3] |
Rural settlement | Uelkal Rural Settlement[3] |
Administrative center of | Uelkal Rural Settlement[3] |
Statistics | |
Population (2010 Census) | 243 inhabitants[4][5] |
Population (January 2014 est.) | 210 inhabitants[6] |
Time zone | PETT (UTC+12:00)[7] |
Postal code(s)[8] | 689215 |
Dialing code(s) | +7 42734[9] |
Uelkal (Russian: УÑлькаль; Yupik: валъкалык, lit. Whale Jaw) is a village (selo) in Iultinsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Population: 243 (2010 Census);[4] [5] a slight reduction on a 2003 estimate of 258, of whom 208 were indigenous people,[10] which itself showed a slight increase, up from 202 the previous year.[10] The village is located approximately 100 kilometers (60 mi) away from the administrative centre of Egvekinot,[10] at the western side of the mouth of Kresta Bay. Municipally, Uelkal is subordinated to Iultinsky Administrative District and incorporated as Uelkal Rural Settlement.[3]
Geography
Uelkal is situated on the south side of Cape Annyualkal spit at the entrance to Kresta Bay, by the Bering Sea, 174 km from the District centre Egvekinot. The village is the most western settlement in Russia in the western hemisphere and the most western Eskimo settlements in the world.
History
The village was founded in 1920 by settlers from Cape Chaplino. During World War II, this was the eastern stage on the ALSIB Uelkal-Krasnoyarsk route for US-made lend-lease warplanes to Russia.[11] During the mid-1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency suspected that a major bomber staging base was being built at Uelkal capable of reaching United States,[12] however the Soviets instead built the facility at Anadyr Ugolny Airport 102 miles (164 km) to the south and the Uelkal airfield fell into decline. Until the early 2000s near the village acted as tropospheric intermediate relay station number 20/103, part of the "North" link (call sign - "Kazan").[13] As of 2002, it had 258 inhabitants, of whom 202 were indigenous people,[10] though this has reduced significantly in the last decade, with 2014 estimates indicating a population of only 210.[6]
Economy
The village has a secondary school, a medical assistant-midwife centre, a pharmacy, a communications centre, and a store.[10] The main sources of livelihood for the residents of this town are hunting seals, walrus, and whales, which is done as part of the municipal agricultural enterprise "Nanuk" (Russian: Ðанук).[14] In the village there is a high school, a kindergarten, a local hospital, pharmacy, home culture, communication center and shop as well as a rural folk club, the Chukchi-Eskimo group "Imlya", youth groups "Kiyagnyk" (lit. "Life") and "Avsinahak" (lit. "pups").[15]
Transport
Uelkal is not connected to any other part of the world by road however, there is a small network of roads within the village including:[16]
- улица Вальгиргина (Ulitsa Val′girgina)
- улица ÐÐ°Ð±ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð°Ñ (Ulitsa Naberezhnaya, lit. Quay Street)
- улица Ð¢ÑƒÐ½Ð´Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ (Ulitsa Tundrovnaya, lit. Tundra Street)
- улица Ð¦ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ (Ulitsa Tsentralnaya, lit. Central Street)
Climate
Uelkal has a Continental Subarctic or Boreal (taiga) climate (Dfc).[17]
Climate data for Uelkal | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 2 (36) |
7 (45) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10 (50) |
17.5 (63.5) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25 (77) |
20.6 (69.1) |
8.9 (48) |
7.2 (45) |
6.3 (43.3) |
26.2 (79.2) |
Average high °C (°F) | −16 (3) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−12 (10) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
12.6 (54.7) |
7.2 (45) |
−1 (30) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−2 (28) |
Average low °C (°F) | −22.8 (−9) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
−20 (−4) |
−13.9 (7) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
2.7 (36.9) |
7.3 (45.1) |
6.9 (44.4) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−6 (21) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −46.1 (−51) |
−46.7 (−52.1) |
−40.6 (−41.1) |
−32.4 (−26.3) |
−23.5 (−10.3) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−1 (30) |
−3 (27) |
−10 (14) |
−20.1 (−4.2) |
−30.7 (−23.3) |
−36.6 (−33.9) |
−46.1 (−51) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 32.7 (1.287) |
29.6 (1.165) |
34.5 (1.358) |
23 (0.91) |
32.9 (1.295) |
44.8 (1.764) |
71 (2.8) |
83.7 (3.295) |
52.7 (2.075) |
52 (2.05) |
48.5 (1.909) |
23.3 (0.917) |
528.7 (20.815) |
Average snowy days | 13 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 114 |
Source: [18] |
See also
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 Law #33, Article 12.2
- ↑ Law #33, Article 16.2
- 1 2 3 4 Law #149, Article 8
- 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- 1 2 The results of the 2010 Census are given for Uelkal Rural Settlement, a municipal formation of Iultinsky Municipal District. According to Law #148-OZ, Uelkal is the only inhabited locality on the territory of Uelkal Rural Settlement.
- 1 2 Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. ЧиÑленноÑÑ‚ÑŒ поÑтоÑнного наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð§ÑƒÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ñкого автономного округа по муниципальным образованиÑм на 1 ÑÐ½Ð²Ð°Ñ€Ñ 2014 года (Russian)
- ↑ ПравительÑтво РоÑÑийÑкой Федерации. Федеральный закон â„–107-ФЗ от 3 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2011 г. «Об иÑчиÑлении времени», в ред. Федерального закона â„–248-ФЗ от 21 Ð¸ÑŽÐ»Ñ 2014 г. «О внеÑении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об иÑчиÑлении времени"». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу по иÑтечении шеÑтидеÑÑти дней поÑле Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ (6 авгуÑта 2011 г.). Опубликован: "РоÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð·ÐµÑ‚Ð°", â„–120, 6 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Почта РоÑÑии. Информационно-вычиÑлительный центр ОÐСУ РПО. (Russian Post). ПоиÑк объектов почтовой ÑвÑзи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- ↑ Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation Iultinsky District (Russian)
- 1 2 3 4 5 Red Cross of Chukotka. Iultinsky District (Archived)
- ↑ Strogoff, p.129
- ↑ Soviet Gross Capabilities for Attacks on the U.S. and Key Overseas Installations, National Intelligence Estimate 11-7-55, Central Intelligence Agency, 1955.
- ↑ Село УÑлькаль (Uelkal Village) trrlserver.org
- ↑ ОтраÑлевой бизнеÑ-Ñправочник предприÑтий РоÑÑии Directory of Russian Industrial Companies, actinfo.ru
- ↑ Екатерина Зиберт — Крайний Север, 11 Ð´ÐµÐºÐ°Ð±Ñ€Ñ 2012 года Yekatarina Eibert, Karayny Sever, 11 December 2012
- ↑ Pochtovik Mail Delivery Service Iultinsky District (Russian)
- ↑ McKnight and Hess, pp.232-5
- ↑ "Weather Averages for Uelkal from meoweather.com". meoweather.com. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
Sources
- Дума ЧукотÑкого автономного округа. Закон â„–33-ОЗ от 30 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 1998 г. «Об админиÑтративно-территориальном уÑтройÑтве ЧукотÑкого автономного округа», в ред. Закона â„–55-ОЗ от 9 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2012 г. «О внеÑении изменений в Закон ЧукотÑкого автономного округа "Об админиÑтративно-территориальном уÑтройÑтве ЧукотÑкого автономного округа"». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу по иÑтечении деÑÑти дней Ñо Ð´Ð½Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ официального опубликованиÑ. Опубликован: "ВедомоÑти", â„–7 (28), 14 Ð¼Ð°Ñ 1999 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #33-OZ of June 30, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #55-OZ of June 9, 2012 On Amending the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.). (Russian)
- Дума ЧукотÑкого автономного округа. Закон â„–149-ОЗ от 24 ноÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 2008 г. «О ÑтатуÑе, границах и админиÑтративных центрах муниципальных образований на территории ИультинÑкого муниципального района ЧукотÑкого автономного округа», в ред. Закона â„–85-ОЗ от 20 октÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 2010 г «Об упразднении ÑельÑкого поÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐутÑпÑльмен ИультинÑкого муниципального района ЧукотÑкого автономного округа и о внеÑении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты ЧукотÑкого автономного округа». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу через деÑÑÑ‚ÑŒ дней Ñо Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ опубликованиÑ. Опубликован: "ВедомоÑти", â„–46/1 (373/1), 28 ноÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 2008 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #149-OZ of November 24, 2008 On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Iultinsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #85-OZ of October 20, 2010 On the Abolition of Nutepelmen Rural Settlement of Iultinsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and on Amending Several Legislative Acts of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication date.). (Russian)
- McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-020263-0.
- M Strogoff, P-C Brochet, and D. Auzias Petit Futé: Chukotka (2006). "Avant-Garde" Publishing House.
External links
- Uelkal photo gallery (Russian)
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