Ulrich Mühe

Ulrich Mühe

Mühe in Cologne on 5 December 2005 at a ZDF photography session for the TV series Der letzte Zeuge (The Last Witness).
Born Friedrich Hans Ulrich Mühe
(1953-06-20)20 June 1953
Grimma, Saxony, German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
Died 22 July 2007(2007-07-22) (aged 54)
Walbeck, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Occupation Actor and director
Years active 1979–2007
Spouse(s) Annegret Hahn
Jenny Gröllmann (m. 1984–90)
Susanne Lothar (m. 1997–2007) (his death)
Children Andreas Mühe
Konrad Mühe
Anna Maria Mühe (b. 1985)
Sophie Marie Mühe
Jakob Mühe
Awards

Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, Gold, Deutscher Filmpreis (German Film Awards) (2006)
Best Actor, Bayerischer Filmpreis (Bavarian Film Awards) (2006)
Golden Swan for Best Actor, Copenhagen International Film Festival (2006)
Best Actor, European Film Awards (2006)

Best Actor, German Film Critics Association Awards (2007)

Friedrich Hans Ulrich Mühe (German: [ˈʊlʁɪç ˈmyːə]; 20 June 1953 – 22 July 2007) was a German film, television and theatre actor. He played the role of Hauptmann (Captain) Gerd Wiesler in the Oscar-winning film Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others, 2006), for which he received the gold award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, at the Deutscher Filmpreis (German Film Awards); and the Best Actor Award at the 2006 European Film Awards.

After leaving school, Mühe was employed as a construction worker and a border guard at the Berlin Wall. He then turned to acting, and from the late 1970s into the 1980s appeared in numerous plays, becoming a star of the Deutsches Theater in East Berlin. He was active in politics and denounced Communist rule in East Germany in a memorable address at the Alexanderplatz demonstration on 4 November 1989 shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall. After German reunification he continued to appear in a large number of films, television programmes and theatre productions. In Germany he was particularly known for playing the lead role of Dr. Robert Kolmaar in the long-running forensic crime series Der letzte Zeuge (The Last Witness, 1998–2007).

Early life and education

The Volksbühne in Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz in the borough of Mitte, Berlin, photographed in July 1999.

The son of a furrier,[1] Mühe was born on 20 June 1953 in Grimma,[2] Saxony, in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). After leaving school he trained as a construction worker, then did compulsory military service in the Nationale Volksarmee (National People's Army) as a border guard at the Berlin Wall.[3] He was relieved of duty after contracting stomach ulcers;[4] a number of commentators have said that this was due to stress, and also suggested that it marked the beginnings of the stomach cancer that would eventually lead to his death.[5][6]

He then turned to acting, and studied at the Hans Otto Theaterhochschule in Leipzig from 1975 to 1979.[7] He appeared in his first professional stage role in 1979, as Lyngstrand in Ibsen's Fruen fra havet (The Lady from the Sea) at the Städtisches Theater in Karl-Marx-Stadt (now Chemnitz). He followed this by appearing in a production of Macbeth by playwright and director Heiner Müller at the Volksbühne in East Berlin.[3]

Career

The premiere of Henrik Ibsen's Ghosts on 18 November 1983 in the Kammerspiele (Chamber Play Theatre) of the Deutsches Theater with, from left, Inge Keller as Mrs. Alving, Mühe as her son Osvald, and Simone von Zglinicki as the maid Regine Engstrand

In 1983 at Müller's invitation he joined the ensemble of East Berlin's Deutsches Theater, and became its star due to his versatility in comic and serious roles, appearing in productions such as Goethe's Egmont (1986), Ibsen's Peer Gynt and Lessing's Nathan der Weise (Nathan the Wise, 1988).[4] He took the lead role of Hamlet in both Shakespeare's play and Heiner Müller's Die Hamletmaschine (Hamletmachine, 1989).[7] Mühe later said: "Theatre was the only place in the GDR where people weren't lied to. For us actors it was an island. We could dare to criticise."[8] On screen, he co-starred with his second wife Jenny Gröllmann in Herman Zschoche's film Hälfte des Lebens (Half of Life, 1984) about the German lyric poet Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843).[3]

Mühe played a leading role in organizing the demonstrations that took place prior to the reunification of Germany. He often gave public readings from Walter Jenka's essay Schwierigkeiten mit der Wahrheit (Difficulties with the Truth, 1989) at the Deutsches Theater, before the book was permitted to be published in East Germany. On 4 November 1989 shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall, in front of half a million people during the Alexanderplatz demonstration, he declared the Communists' monopoly on power to be invalid.[4] In the same year he became internationally known after playing, next to Armin Mueller-Stahl and Klaus Maria Brandauer, the leading role in Bernhard Wicki's Das Spinnennetz (The Spider's Web, based on the expressionist, fragmentary novel of the same name by Austrian writer Joseph Roth) right-wing lieutenant Lohse who sleeps and murders his way to professional success in the early Weimar Republic following a near fatal injury during the Wilhelmshaven mutiny of 29 October 1918.[3]

Mühe and fellow actor Johanna Schall speaking at the Alexanderplatz on 4 November 1989, following a demonstration by half a million citizens

After German reunification he continued to appear in a large number of films, television programmes and theatre productions in Germany and abroad. He proved his ability to take on comic roles in Schtonk! (1991), an Oscar-nominated satire about the Hitler Diaries hoax,[9] and showed his more serious side in Michael Haneke's Benny's Video (1992), Das Schloss (The Castle, 1996) (an adaptation of Kafka's The Castle (1922)) and Funny Games (1997).[7][8] In the latter film, Mühe and his third wife Susanne Lothar played a husband and wife held captive in their holiday cabin by two psychotic young men who force them to play sadistic "games" with one another.[3]

In the 2000s Mühe played a series of Nazis. He portrayed Joseph Goebbels in Goebbels und Geduldig (Goebbels and Geduldig, 2001); Dr. Josef Mengele in Amen. (2002), a film by Costa Gavras; and was to have played Klaus Barbie in an upcoming feature. His last film was the comedy Mein Führer – Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler (My Führer: The Truly Truest Truth about Adolf Hitler, 2007), in which he played Prof. Adolf Israel Grünbaum, an actor hired to give Hitler lessons.[7]

In 2006 he appeared at the Barbican Arts Centre in London in Zerbombt, Thomas Ostermeier's German production of Sarah Kane's Blasted, playing a middle-aged journalist whose encounter with a young girl leads to pandemonium in a Leeds hotel room.[3]

Mühe was also well known in Germany for playing the brilliant but eccentric pathologist Dr. Robert Kolmaar in 73 episodes of the forensic crime serial Der letzte Zeuge (The Last Witness, 1998–2007),[7][8] for which he was awarded the prize for Beste/r Schauspieler/in in einer Serie (Best Actor or Actress in a TV Series) at the Deutscher Fernsehpreis (German Television Awards) in 2005.

The Lives of Others, and later life

Mühe as Hauptmann Gerd Wiesler in Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others, 2006). Curiously, events in Mühe's own life were mirrored by the storyline of the film.

To English-speaking audiences, Mühe was probably best known for portraying Hauptmann (Captain) Gerd Wiesler in Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others, 2006), which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2007. The film is set in the mid-1980s, and Wiesler is a Stasi agent who is assigned to bug and conduct surveillance of the apartment of an East German playwright, Georg Dreyman (Sebastian Koch), and his girlfriend, the actress Christa-Maria Sieland (Martina Gedeck). However, he becomes disillusioned about the necessity of monitoring the couple for national security reasons after discovering that the government minister who ordered the surveillance did so for sexual rather than political motives. Gradually, Wiesler's heart moves from contempt and envy to compassion.[3] For his performance, in 2006 Mühe received, among other things, the Beste darstellerische Leistung – Männliche Hauptrolle (Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role), Gold, at Germany's most prestigious film awards, the Deutscher Filmpreis (German Film Awards); and the Best Actor Award at the European Film Awards.

Mühe's grave in Walbeck, photographed in 2011

The Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur (Federal Foundation for the Reconciliation of the SED Dictatorship, known in short as "Stiftung Aufarbeitung"), the government-funded organization tasked with examining and reappraising East Germany's Communist dictatorship, said of Mühe: "Through his impressive performance... Ulrich Mühe sensitized an audience of millions to the Stasi's machinations and their consequences." The statement added that Mühe had been an active and valued participant in the foundation's events.[4]

Mühe was already seriously ill at the prize-giving ceremony in Los Angeles in February 2007 when Das Leben der Anderen was awarded its Oscar, and flew back to Germany hours later for an urgent stomach operation.[5] In an article in Die Welt dated 21 July 2007, Mühe discussed his diagnosis of stomach cancer which had put his acting career on hold; he died the following day.[10] On 25 July 2007 he was buried in his mother's village of Walbeck in the Landkreis (rural district) of Börde, Saxony-Anhalt.[11]

Personal life

Mühe was married three times. He was first married to dramaturge Annegret Hahn and had two sons by her: Andreas, a Berlin-based photographer, and Konrad, a painter. His second marriage was in 1984 to the actress Jenny Gröllmann, after they fell in love while acting together[3] in the TV film Die Poggenpuhls (The Poggenpuhls) in that year. Mühe and Gröllmann had a daughter, Anna Maria Mühe, who is also an actress, and he was stepfather to Gröllmann's daughter Jeanne, a make-up artist.[12]

Mühe's daughter Anna Maria, with actor Daniel Brühl at the première of their film Was nützt die Liebe in Gedanken (Love in Thoughts, 2004)

After German reunification, Mühe allegedly discovered evidence in his Stasi file that he had been under surveillance not only by four of his fellow actors in the East Berlin theatre, but also by his wife Gröllmann. The file held detailed records of meetings that Gröllmann, who was registered as an "Inoffizieller Mitarbeiter" (unofficial collaborator), had with her controller from 1979 to 1989.[13] This mirrored the plot of Das Leben der Anderen as in the film pressure exerted by the Stasi on the playwright's girlfriend makes her betray him as the author of an exposé of covered-up GDR suicide rates. Mühe and Gröllmann divorced in 1990.[14] In a book accompanying the film, Mühe spoke about the sense of betrayal he felt when he found out about his former wife's alleged Stasi role. However, Gröllmann's real-life controller later claimed he had made up many of the details in the file and that the actress had been unaware that she was speaking to a Stasi agent. After a highly public and acrimonious battle in the courts, Gröllmann, who died in August 2006, won an injunction preventing the book's publication.[3] Mühe's response when asked how he prepared for his role in Das Leben der Anderen was, "I remembered."[3][4]

At the time of his death, Mühe was married to his third wife, stage actress Susanne Lothar, and living in Berlin with her and their two children, Sophie Marie and Jakob.[10] Mühe and Lothar starred together in Mühe's last film, Nemesis (2010),[15] which deals with a couple's troubled relationship. However, Lothar, who died in 2012, launched a lawsuit to block the film from release for nearly three years, apparently because she felt that it would cast the couple in a bad light.[16]

Awards

In addition to the awards mentioned elsewhere in this article, Mühe was conferred the following awards:

Selected works

Film

Year(s)
of appearance
Film Role Awards and nominations
1983 Ol' Henry
(Old Henry)
1985 Hälfte des Lebens
(Half of Life)
Friedrich Hölderlin
1987 Sansibar oder der letzte Grund
(Zanzibar or the Last Reason)
Dr. Grote
1988 Späte Ankunft
(Late Arrival)
1989 Hard Days, Hard Nights Flimmer
1989 Sehnsucht
(Desire)
Sieghart
1989 Das Spinnennetz
(The Spider's Web)
Theodor Lohse
  • Darstellerpreis (Best Actor), Bayerischer Filmpreis (Bavarian Film Awards) (1990)[17]
1990 Rönnes Reise
(Rönne's Journey)
Gottfried Benn
1992 Schtonk! Dr. Wieland
1992 Benny's Video Father
1992 Einfach raus
(Simply Get Out)
1994 Der Blaue
(The Blue One)
Karl
1996 Engelchen
(Little Angel)
1996 Peanuts – die Bank zahlt alles
(Peanuts – The Bank Pays Everything)
Dr. Jochen Schuster
1996 Rennschwein Rudi Rüssel
(Rudi, The Racing Pig)
Dr. Heinrich Gützkow
1997 Das Schloss
(The Castle)
K
1997 Funny Games Georg
1997 Sterben ist gesünder
(Dying is Healthier)
Hugo Wallner
1998 Feuerreiter
(Fire Rider)
Jacob Gontard
1998 Sieben Monde
(Night Time)
Eschbach
1999 Straight Shooter Markus Paufler
2001 Goebbels und Geduldig
(Goebbels and Geduldig)
Harry Geduldig/Joseph Goebbels
2002 Amen. Doctor
2003 Spy Sorge
(Spy Richard Sorge)
2005 Schneeland
(Snowland)
Knövel
2006 Das Leben der Anderen
(The Lives of Others)
Hauptmann (Captain) Gerd Wiesler
2007 Verwehte
(Blown Away)
Mann (man)
2007 Mein Führer – Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler
(My Führer – The Truly Truest Truth about Adolf Hitler)
Prof. Adolf Israel Grünbaum
2010 Nemesis Robert

Some information in this table was obtained from Ulrich Mühe at the Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 23 September 2007.

Television

Year(s)
of appearance
Film or series Role Awards and nominations
1983 Der Mann und sein Name
(The Man and His Name)
1984 Die Poggenpuhls
(The Poggenpuhls)
Leo
1986 Das Buschgespenst
(The Bush Ghost)
Kaufmann Strauch
1987 Die erste Reihe
(The First Row)
Rudolf Schwarz
1988 Nadine, meine Liebe
(Nadine, My Love)
Oberleutnant (Senior Lieutenant) Stein
1988
(1 episode)
Polizeiruf 110 (Emergency Call 110) (1971–present)
"Flüssige Waffe" ("Liquid Weapon")
Kegel
1989 Die gläserne Fackel
(The Glass Torch)
Maxi Steinhüter
1990 Der kleine Herr Friedemann
(The Small Mr. Friedemann)
Johannes Friedemann
1991 Ende der Unschuld
(The End of Innocence)
Julian Green
1991 Jugend ohne Gott
(Youth without God)
Lehrer (teacher)
1993 Extralarge: Diamonds Father Enrique
1993 Das letzte U-Boot
(The Last U-Boat)
Lt. Cmdr. Gerber
1993 Wehner – die unerzählte Geschichte
(Wehner – The Untold Story)
Selbstmörder (suicide victim)
1995 Geschäfte
(Business)
Sturm
1995 ...nächste Woche ist Frieden
(...Next Week brings Peace)
1995 Nadja – Heimkehr in die Fremde
(Nadja – Homecoming Among Foreigners)
Sergej
1995 Nikolaikirche
(St. Nicholas Church)
Pfarrer (Minister) Ohlbaum
1995
(1 episode)
Rosa Roth (1994–2006)
"Lügen" ("Lies")
1995 Tödliches Schweigen
(Deadly Silence)
Christian Plache
1996 Das tödliche Auge
(The Deadly Eye)
Stefan
1996
(1 episode)
Tatort (Crime Scene) (1970–present)
"Die Abrechnung" ("The Reckoning")
Peter Fuchs
1998 36 Stunden Angst
(36 Hours)
Rudolph
1998
(1 episode)
Siska (1998–present)
"Tod einer Würfelspielerin" ("Death of a Female Dice-Thrower")
1998–2007
(73 episodes)
Der letzte Zeuge
(The Last Witness)
Dr. Robert Kolmaar
  • Golden Lion for Best Actor in a TV Series, RTL Golden Lion Awards (1998) (nominated)
  • Bester Schauspieler in einer Hauptrolle – Serie (Best Actor in a Leading Role – TV Series), Deutscher Fernsehpreis (German Television Awards) (1999) (nominated)
  • Bester Schauspieler in einer Hauptrolle – Serie (Best Actor in a Leading Role – TV Series), Deutscher Fernsehpreis (German Television Awards) (2003) (nominated)
  • Bavarian TV Award (with writer Gregor Edelmann) (2005)
  • Beste/r Schauspieler/in in einer Serie (Best Actor or Actress in a TV Series), Deutscher Fernsehpreis (German Television Awards) (2005)[17]
1999
(1 episode)
Tatort (Scene) (1970–present)
"Traumhaus" ("Dream House")
Friedel Hebbel
1999 Todesengel
(Angel of Death)
Dr. Leon Stein
2001 Dreimal Leben
(Life Times Three)
Henri
2003 Alles Samba
(Everything's Samba)
Gerd
2003 Hamlet_X Claudius Müller
2003 Im Schatten der Macht
(In the Shadow of Power)
Günther Gaus
2004 Hunger auf Leben
(Hunger for Life)
Jochen Hensel
2006 Das Geheimnis von St. Ambrose
(The Secret of St. Ambrose)
Professor Nicolas Cramer
2006 Peer Gynt
Der Knopfgiesser (The Button Moulder)

Some information in this table was obtained from Ulrich Mühe at the Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 23 September 2007.

Theatre

Year(s)
of appearance
Production Role Awards and nominations
1979 Fruen fra havet (The Lady from the Sea)
by Henrik Ibsen

Städtisches Theater, Karl-Marx-Stadt (now Chemnitz)

Lyngstrand
[Date uncertain]
(?1979–1986)
Macbeth
by William Shakespeare

Volksbühne, East Berlin

18 November 1983 Gespenster (Ghosts)
by Henrik Ibsen

Kammerspiele (Chamber Play Theatre), Deutsches Theater, East Berlin

Osvald Alving
1986 Egmont
by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Deutsches Theater, East Berlin

Egmont
[Date uncertain]
?1986–1989
Hamlet
by William Shakespeare

Deutsches Theater, East Berlin

Hamlet
[Date uncertain]
?1986–1989
Nathan der Weise (Nathan the Wise)
by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

Deutsches Theater, East Berlin

[Date uncertain]
?1986–1989
Peer Gynt
by Henrik Ibsen

Deutsches Theater, East Berlin

Peer Gynt
1989 Die Hamletmaschine (Hamletmachine)
by Heiner Müller

Deutsches Theater, East Berlin

Hamlet
1990 Die Jüdin von Toledo (The Jewess of Toledo)
by Franz Grillparzer

Salzburg Festival, Salzburg, Austria

König Alfons (King Alfonso, Alfonso VIII)
end-1990s Dreimal Leben (Life Times Three)
by Yasmina Reza

Burgtheater, Vienna, Austria

Henri
1999 Gesäubert (Cleansed)
by Sarah Kane

Hamburg

Der Arzt (The Doctor)
2003 Wittgenstein Incorporated

Vienna Festwochen (Vienna Festival)

2005 Zerbombt (Blasted)
by Sarah Kane

Berlin

Ian
2006 Zerbombt (Blasted)[19]
by Sarah Kane

Barbican Arts Centre, London

Ian
[Date unknown] Clavigo
by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Clavigo
[Date unknown] Philotas by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing Philotas
[Date unknown] Der Traum, ein Leben (The Dream, a Life)
by Franz Grillparzer
Sigismundis

Audio books

Year(s)
of appearance
Book Awards and nominations
1997 Ein Monat in Dachau (One Month in Dachau, 1992)
by Vladimir Sorokin; translated from the Russian by Peter Urban
1999 Ich bin eine Welt: Briefe und Gedichte – eine Collage
(I am a World: Letters and Poems – a Collage)
by Georg Trakl
2000 Einen Dichter denken – LAUT (A Poet Thinks – ALOUD)
by Heiner Müller
2002 Adler und Engel (Eagles and Angels)
by Juli Zeh
2002 Die Kinder (The Children)
by Peter Hacks
2002 Reise gegen den Wind (Journey Against the Wind, 2000)
by Peter Härtling
2003 Südkurier (Southern Mail, 1929)
by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
2003 Wind, Sand und Sterne (Wind, Sand and Stars, 1939)
by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
2004 Ein unbekannter Freund (A Friend of Unknown Quantity)
by Ivan Bunin (read by Susanne Lothar and Ulrich Mühe)
2004 "Ich küsse Dich vielmals...": Liebesbriefe ("I Kiss You Many Times...": Love Letters) (read by Susanne Lothar and Ulrich Mühe)
2005 Der kleine Prinz (The Little Prince, 1943)
by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
2005 Weihnachtswünsche: Die Weihnachtsgeschichte nach Lukas und die schönsten Weihnachtsgedichte (Christmas Wishes: The History of Christmas according to Luke and the Most Beautiful Christmas Poems)
by Joseph von Eichendorff[20] (told by Otto Mellies, Ulrich Mühe and Otto Sander)
2006 Shakespeares Hamlet und alles, was ihn für uns zum kulturellen Gedächtnis macht (Shakespeare's Hamlet and Everything that Makes it Cultural Memory For Us) (read by Dietrich Schwanitz, Ulrich Mühe and Hanns Zischler)
2006 Von allem Anfang an (From All Beginning)
by Christoph Hein
[Date unknown] Helden wie wir (Heroes Like Us, 1995)
by Thomas Brussig
[Date unknown] Das kalte Herz (The Cold Heart, 1826)
by Wilhelm Hauff
[Date unknown] Der Katze, die immer nur ihre eigenen Wege ging
(The Cats, which in Each Case Went Their Own Ways, ?1985)
by Horst Hawemann
[Date unknown] Die Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke (The Lay of the Love and Death of Cornet Christoph Rilke, 1906)
by Rainer Maria Rilke

Some information in this table was obtained from the online catalogue of the German National Library.

Notes

  1. "Biography for Ulrich Mühe". Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Archived from the original on May 22, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
  2. In 2007, shortly before his death, Mühe was conferred honorary citizenship of Grimma: "Biography for Ulrich Mühe". Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Retrieved 2007-08-05.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Ulrich Mühe (obituary)". The Daily Telegraph (London). 27 July 2007. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "'The Lives of Others' Actor Ulrich Mühe Dies". Deutsche Welle. 2007-07-25.
  5. 1 2 Paterson, Tony (2007-07-26). "Ulrich Mühe, Star of 'Lives of Others', Dies Aged 54". London: The Independent.
  6. For instance, Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, the director of Das Leben der Anderen, expressed the view that the original cause of Mühe's stomach problems that eventually led to cancer was the anxiety he suffered when he was a conscript in the East German military: Bergan, Ronald (2007-07-28). "Ulrich Mühe (obituary)". London: The Guardian.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Bergan, Ronald (2007-07-28). "Ulrich Mühe (obituary)". London: The Guardian.
  8. 1 2 3 "Ulrich Mühe : Star of 'The Lives of Others' (obituary)". London: The Independent. 2007-07-26. Archived from the original on November 4, 2007. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
  9. "Ulrich Mühe : German Actor who Won Acclaim Playing a Stasi Officer in the Oscar-winning The Lives of Others (obituary)". London: The Times. 2007-07-28. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
  10. 1 2 "Oscar Film's German Star Dies". CNN. 25 July 2007.
  11. "Ulrich Mühe am Mittwoch beigesetzt". Ad-Hoc News. 2007-07-25. In German.
  12. "Biography for Ulrich Mühe". Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Retrieved 2007-11-23. See Jeanne Gröllmann at the Internet Movie Database Retrieved on 23 November 2007.
  13. Danielsen, Shane (2007-07-25). "Ulrich Mühe 1953-2007 : The Actor who Played the Conscience-Stricken Stasi in The Lives of Others has Died". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
  14. "Biography for Ulrich Mühe". Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Retrieved 2007-08-05.
  15. Nemesis at the Internet Movie Database.
  16. "Susanne Lothar – ein Wunder an Charme und Natürlichkeit [Susanne Lothar – A Miracle of Charm and Naturalness]", Berliner Morgenpost, 26 July 2012, archived from the original on 26 July 2012, Nach seinem Tod interessierten sich gleich mehrere Verleiher für 'Nemesis'. Aber Susanne Lothar wollte dies verhindern, die Veröffentlichung zog sich Jahre hin. Vielleicht fand sie, ein solcher Film werfe so kurz nach dem Tod ein falsches Licht auf das Paar. 'Ich habe ihn immer bei mir, ihn und die schöne gemeinsame Zeit', sagte die Schauspielerin 2008 in einem 'Tagesspiegel'-Interview.
  17. 1 2 3 "Awards for Ulrich Mühe". Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  18. "Film awards winners in 2008". British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). 2008-02-10. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
  19. Billington, Michael (2006-11-08). "Blasted (Zerbombt) : Barbican, London (review)". The Guardian. Spencer, Charles (2006-11-09). "Blast from the Past Still Chills (review of Zerbombt (Blasted))". London: The Daily Telegraph.
  20. Possibly Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (1788–1857).

References

Further reading

External links

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