Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal

Not to be confused with Umm Kulthum bint Ali or Umm Kulthum bint Abi Bakr.

Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal, also known as Mulayka, was a wife of Umar and a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Biography

She was born in Mecca as a member of the Khuza'a tribe. Her father was either Jarwal ibn Malik[1] or his son 'Amr ibn Jarwal.[2]

She married Umar ibn al-Khattab before 616,[3] and they had two sons, Zayd "the Younger" and Ubaydallah. Umar was concurrently married to Zaynab bint Madh'un, who bore him three children,[4] and to Qurayba bint Abi Umayya,[5] who was childless. Umar converted to Islam in 616.[6] The whole family emigrated to Medina in 622,[7] although Umm Kulthum and Qurayba were still polytheists.[8][9]

Soon after the Treaty of Hudaybiya in 628, Muhammad announced a revelation that Muslim were ordered to "hold not to the cords of disbelieving women." Accordingly, Umar divorced Umm Kulthum and Qurayba, and they both returned to Mecca.[10][11][12]

The sources do not indicate the order of Umm Kulthum’s subsequent marriages. She married Abu Jahm ibn Hudhayfa in Mecca "while they were both polytheists," i.e., before January 630.[13] Abu Jahm was, like Umar, a member of the Adi clan of the Quraysh.[14] He was known in the community as "a great beater of women."[15][16][17][18]

Whether before or after this, Umm Kulthum was also one of the wives of Safwan ibn Umayya, a member of the Juma clan[19] who was a leader in the Quraysh opposition to Muhammad.[20][21][22] He became a Muslim after the Conquest of Mecca[23] but continued to live in Mecca.[24]

References

  1. ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 204. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  2. ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1998). Volume 8: The Victory of Islam, p. 92. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  3. ↑ Tabari/Fishbein vol. 8 p. 92.
  4. ↑ Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 3 p. 204.
  5. ↑ Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad, p. 510. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. ↑ Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 3 p. 207.
  7. ↑ Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume p. 218.
  8. ↑ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) 510.
  9. ↑ Bukhari 3:50:891.
  10. ↑ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) 510.
  11. ↑ Bukhari 3:50:891.
  12. ↑ See also Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 3 p. 204.
  13. ↑ Tabari/Fishbein p. 92.
  14. ↑ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) 510.
  15. ↑ Muslim 9:3526.
  16. ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina, p. 192. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  17. ↑ Muslim 9:3512.
  18. ↑ Nasa'i 4:26:3247.
  19. ↑ Tabari/Fishbein p. 92.
  20. ↑ Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume pp. 318-319, 370.
  21. ↑ Muhammad ibn Umar al-Waqidi. Kitab al-Maghazi. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., & Tayob, A. K. (2011). The Life of Muhammad, pp. 217, 284-286, 295. London & New York: Routledge.
  22. ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by McDonald, M. V., & annotated by Watt, W. M. (1987). Volume 7: The Foundation of the Community, pp. 78-80, 106. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  23. ↑ Tabari/Fishbein p. 185.
  24. ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarik al-Rusual wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, p. 81. Albany: State University of New York Press.
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