Unilever House

Unilever House
Unilever House seen from Blackfriars Bridge
Former names	Lever House
General information
Architectural style	Neoclassical Art Deco
Location	Blackfriars, London, United Kingdom
Address	100, Victoria Embankment
Coordinates	51°30′42″N 0°06′17″W / 51.511654°N 0.104671°W
Current tenants	Unilever, Bristows, Royal Mail
Construction started	1929
Completed	1933
Renovated	1977–83; 2004–07
Owner	Unilever
Technical details
Floor area	385,500ft²
Design and construction
Architect	James Lomax-Simpson
Architecture firm	Sir John Burnet & Partners
Other designers	Thomas S. Tait Sculptures: William Reid Dick Gilbert Ledward Walter Gilbert Eric Gill
Renovating team
Renovating firm	Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates
Other designers	Pringle Brandon

Unilever House is a Grade II listed office building in the Neoclassical Art Deco style, located on New Bridge Street, Victoria Embankment in Blackfriars, London. The building has a tall, curving frontage which overlooks Blackfriars Bridge on the north bank of the River Thames.^[1]

The site of Unilever House was previously occupied by Bridewell Palace, a residence of Henry VIII, which later became a poorhouse and prison. These buildings were destroyed in 1864 making way for De Keyser's Royal Hotel.^[2][3] In 1920, Lord Leverhulme leased the site to build the London headquarters of his soap manufacturing company Lever Brothers, which became Unilever in 1930. Construction did not commence until 1929.

Construction

The building design and construction is thought to be a collaboration between James Lomax-Simpson, a member of the Unilever Board, and John James Burnet and Thomas S. Tait, partners in the firm of Sir John Burnet and Partners. However, there is some uncertainty over the credit for the design; a note by Simpson claims exclusive credit, suggesting that Burnet and Tait only approved the final design. Burnet and Tait exhibited the design as a joint work with Simpson at the Royal Academy, and the drawings held at the City of London Record Office are signed by Burnet and Tait alone.^[4]

John James Burnet, although active in this project, was retiring around this time due to ill health, and Tait, a leading practitioner of modern architecture, worked on aspects of the building design.^[5][6]

The main contractor for the construction of the building was Holland, Hannen & Cubitts.^[7]

Architecture

The most striking aspect of the building is its enormous curving frontage along the Victoria Embankment, with its giant Ionic columns between the fourth and sixth floors. The heavily rusticated ground floor is windowless to reduce traffic noise inside the building. The corners are marked by entrances surmounted by large plinths on which are placed sculptures of human figures restraining horses (called Controlled Energy^[8]) by Sir William Reid Dick. Merman and mermaid figures are by Gilbert Ledward. The original lift cars were lined with art deco pewter panels designed by Eric Gill.

Renovation

A refurbishment of 1977–83 saw the addition of parapet figures by Nicholas Munro and a new north entrance lobby in a Neo Art Deco style, by Theo Crosby of Pentagram.^[9] The building has been extended along Tudor Street.^[4]

In 2004, the firm Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates began renovation work in consultation with English Heritage and the City of London to make alterations to the interior work space. As part of the renovations, original fittings were retained or re-used, such as parquet flooring or Eric Gill's pewter lift car panels, but Crosby's distinctive and historically-important additions were removed.^[10] A roof garden was created on top of the building.^[11]

Gallery

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  The curved Neoclassic front

• 

  Unilever monogram

• 

  Decorative detailing

• 

  The front door

• 

  Sculpture of a man and horse, Sir William Reid Dick RA, "Controlled Energy"

• 

  Counterpart, Woman and Horse, Unilever House, Sir William Reid Dick RA, "Controlled Energy"

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  Unilever Building, Thames and Blackfriars Bridge, London, at night

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  Unilever Building, Thames and Blackfriars Bridge, London, at night

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  Interior of Unilever House. The sculpture is "The Space Trumpet" by Conrad Shawcross^[1]

1. ^ "100 Victoria Embankment - 'Unilever House' - Building Details". Open House London. Retrieved 2016-04-24.

References

1. Sutcliffe, Anthony (2006). "The Modern Breaks Through, 1914–1939". London: An Architectural History. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11006-7.
2. Howgego, James L. (1977). The Victorian and Edwardian City of London from Old Photographs. Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-0598-9.
3. De Keyser's Royal Hotel, Victoria Embankment, London
4. Pevsner, Nikolaus; Bradley, Simon (1997). the Buildings of England. London 1: the City of London. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-300-09652-1.
5. "Unilever Building". Dictionary of Scottish Architects. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
6. "Unilever House" (PDF). Open site 2005 (Open House/ACE). 2005. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
7. "London landmarks built by Cubitts" (PDF). Thamesmead. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
8. Philip Ward-Jackson: Public Sculpture of the City of London (Public Sculpture of Britain). Liverpool University Press, Liverpool 2003, ISBN 978-0-85323-977-2, p. 278. Retrieved 2010-08-30
9. Crosby was the Design Consultant on the job. The design team was headed by Frank Bex, working with Unilever's chief architect Roy Ashworth
10. These additions are illustrated in No.9 Unilever House: Towards A New Ornament. In Pentagram Partners (Author), Delphine Hirasuna (Editor): Pentagram Papers. Chronicle Books, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8118-5563-1. In this Paper, Crosby argues that his work on Unilever House was part of a necessary "change of emphasis" in building; to reduce the scale at which buildings are contemplated, and to "revive the responsible craftsman".
11. "Unilever House, London, United Kingdom". Design Build Network. Retrieved 2008-11-16.