FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase

FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.113, HpxO enzyme, FAD-dependent urate oxidase, urate hydroxylase) is an enzyme with systematic name urate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxyisourate forming).^[1] ^[2] A non-homologous isofunctional enzyme (NISE) to HpxO was found, and named HpyO. ^[3] HpyO was determined to be a typical Michaelian enzyme. These FAD-dependent urate hydroxylases are flavoproteins.

This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

urate + NADH + H⁺ + O₂

\rightleftharpoons

5-hydroxyisourate + NAD⁺ + H₂O

References

↑ O'Leary, S.E., Hicks, K.A., Ealick, S.E. and Begley, T.P. (2009). "Biochemical characterization of the HpxO enzyme from Klebsiella pneumoniae, a novel FAD-dependent urate oxidase". Biochemistry 48 (14): 3033–3035. doi:10.1021/bi900160b. PMC 2842088. PMID 19260710.
↑ de la Riva L, Badia J, Aguilar J, Bender RA, Baldoma L. (2008). "The hpx genetic system for hypoxanthine assimilation as a nitrogen source in Klebsiella pneumoniae: gene organization and transcriptional regulation". Journal of Bacteriology 190 (24): 7892–7903. doi:10.1128/JB.01022-08. PMC 2593211. PMID 18849434.
↑ Michiel M, Perchat N, Perret A, Tricot S, Papeil A, Besnard M, de Berardinis V, Salanoubat M, Fischer C. (2012). "Microbial urate catabolism: characterization of HpyO, a non-homologous isofunctional isoform of the flavoprotein urate hydroxylase HpxO". Environmental Microbiology reports 4 (6): 642–647. doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00390.x. PMID 23760935.

External links

FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Oxidoreductases: dioxygenases, including steroid hydroxylases (EC 1.14)

1.14.11: 2-oxoglutarate	Prolyl hydroxylase Lysyl hydroxylase

1.14.13: NADH or NADPH	Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO1 FMO2 FMO3 FMO4 FMO5 Nitric oxide synthase NOS1 NOS2 NOS3 Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase Methane monooxygenase 3A4 Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase 24-hydroxycholesterol 7α-hydroxylase

1.14.14: reduced flavin or flavoprotein	19A1 2D6 2E1

1.14.15: reduced iron-sulfur protein	11B1 11B2 11A1

1.14.16: reduced pteridine (BH4 dependent)	Phenylalanine hydroxylase Tyrosine hydroxylase Tryptophan hydroxylase

1.14.17: reduced ascorbate	Dopamine beta-hydroxylase

1.14.18-19: other	Tyrosinase Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1

1.14.99 - miscellaneous	Cyclooxygenase Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) Squalene monooxygenase 17A1 21A2

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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