Vekoma
Private company | |
Founder | Hendrik op het Veld |
Headquarters | Vlodrop, The Netherlands |
Area served | Worldwide |
Products | Amusement rides |
Website | Official website |
Vekoma Rides Manufacturing is a Dutch amusement ride manufacturer. It is perhaps most well known for manufacturing several unique roller coaster models, and it currently has created the most roller coasters in the world, with 287 confirmed rides across the globe.[1]
Ferris wheels
In 2008, Vekoma Rides Manufacturing acquired the Wheels of Excellence range of Ferris wheels from Ronald Bussink, to be handled by a new Vekoma division, Dutch Wheels BV.[2] The Dutch Wheels product range includes the R40, R50, and R60 models, each available in three different types.[3]
Notable installations
Ferris wheel name | Location | Opened | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Giant Wheel | Morey's Piers, Wildwood, New Jersey, US | 1985 | Operating | [4] |
Navy Pier Ferris Wheel | Pier Park, Navy Pier, Chicago, US | 1995 | Operating | [5][6][7] |
Delhi Eye (R50) | Kalindi Kunj Park, Okhla, Delhi, India | 2014 | Operating | [8][9] |
Hong Kong Observation Wheel | Central, Hong Kong | 2014 | Operating | [10] |
Roller coasters
Models
Model | First produced | Description |
---|---|---|
Corkscrew with Bayerncurve | 1979 (discontinued) | Vekoma corkscrew designed by Arrow Dynamics and manufactured by Vekoma. |
Boomerang | 1984 | Shuttle roller coaster with six inversions, height of 117 feet, and speed of 40 mph. |
Invertigo | 1996 | An inverted model of the Boomerang. |
Giant Inverted Boomerang | 2001 | Like Invertigo but with vertical lift hills and slightly different layout. |
Suspended Looping Coaster | 1994 | Inverted coaster with several different models. |
Flying Dutchman | 2000 | First large-scale flying roller coaster built. There are three of these coasters. |
Suspended Family Coaster | 2001 | Similar to the SLC but no inversions and more appropriate for families. |
Motorbike roller coaster | 2004 | Vekoma-launched roller coaster with trains like motorbikes. |
Junior Coaster | 1990 | Roller coaster aimed at children. 207 m and 335 m models. |
Wooden roller coaster | 2000 | Classic wooden coaster produced by Vekoma. There are three examples: the Thundercoaster at TusenFryd, Robin Hood at Walibi Holland, and Loup-Garou in Walibi Belgium. |
Big Air | 2010 | Formerly known as a hammerhead stall due to the spinning function it previously possessed. There is only one installation of this roller coaster.[11] |
LSM Launch Coaster | 1999 | Roller coaster with three inversions. Launched around 55 mph using LSM technology. |
Stingray | 2009 | A compact flying roller coaster designed as the successor to the Flying Dutchman. Only one example has been installed.[12] |
Dive Pretzel Coaster[13][14] | 2014[15] | A roller coaster with a 90 degree climb and several pretzel loop elements. |
Splash Party | 2013 | An inverted slower-paced roller coaster that is designed with several water gun and water bomb placements. Only one installation of this model exists.[16] |
Tornado | 1986 | A modified version of the MK-1200, it consisted of two vertical loops and a standard track.[17] Three installations exist in the world and are all still operating. |
Other Vekoma coaster models include Swinging Turns, Enigma, Hurricane, Illusion, Family Boomerang, Tilt Coaster, and powered coasters. There are also many different custom models.
In 2013, Vekoma signed a deal with Idaho-based Rocky Mountain Construction. The agreement allows Vekoma to sell Rocky Mountain Construction's roller coasters outside the North American market.[18]
Notable installations
As of 2012, Vekoma has built over 270 roller coasters around the world.[19]
Coaster name | Location | Model | Original opening | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apocalypse Formerly Corkscrew Formerly Corkscrew | Luna Park Flamingo Land Theme Park & Zoo Spanish City Amusement Park | Sitdown | 2012 | Operating | [20] |
Aftershock Formerly Déjà Vu | Silverwood Theme Park Six Flags Great America | Giant Inverted Boomerang | 2001 | Operating | [21][22] |
Arkham Asylum – Shock Therapy | Warner Bros. Movie World | SLC 765m Extended w/Helix | 1995 | Operating | [23] |
Bandit Bomber | YAS Waterworld | Splash Party | 2013 | Operating | [24] |
Babylon | Happylon | Indoor sitdown | 2010 | Operating | [25] |
The Barnstormer | Walt Disney World Magic Kingdom | Junior Coaster | 1996 | Operating | [26] |
The Bat | Canada's Wonderland | Boomerang | 1987 | Operating | [27] |
Bat | Lagoon Amusement Park | SFC 342m | 2005 | Operating | [28] |
Batman - The Ride | Six Flags Mexico | SLC 689m Standard | 2000 | Operating | [29] |
Battlestar Galactica: Human or Cylon | Universal Studios Singapore | Custom Designed Dueling Coaster | 2010 | Operating | [30] |
Ben 10 – Ultimate Mission | Drayton Manor Theme Park | Family Boomerang | 2011 | Operating | [31] |
Big Air | E-DA Theme Park | Big Air | 2010 | Operating | [32] |
Big Thunder Mountain Railroad | Disneyland Park (Paris) | Mine Train | 1992 | Operating | [33] |
Big Grizzly Mountain Runaway Mine Cars | Hong Kong Disneyland | Mine Train Custom | 2012 | Operating | [34] |
Blue Tornado | Gardaland | SLC 765m Extended w/Helix | 1998 | Operating | [35] |
Boomerang | Knott's Berry Farm | Boomerang | 1990 | Operating | [36] |
Boomerang | La Ronde | Boomerang | 1984 | Operating | [37] |
Boomerang | Parc Touristique des Combes | Family Boomerang | 2011 | Operating | [38] |
Boomerang | Six Flags Mexico | Boomerang | 1987 | Operating | [39] |
Boomerang Formerly Flashback | Six Flags St. Louis Six Flags Over Texas | Boomerang | 1989 | Operating | [40][41] |
Boomerang | Wild Adventures | Boomerang | 1998 | Operating | [42] |
Boomerang | Worlds of Fun | Boomerang | 2000 | Operating | [43] |
Boomerang: Coast to Coaster | Darien Lake | Boomerang | 1998 | Operating | [44] |
Boomerang: Coast to Coaster | Elitch Gardens Theme Park | Boomerang | 1999 | Operating | [45] |
Boomerang: Coast to Coaster | Great Escape | Boomerang | 1997 | Operating | [46] |
Boomerang: Coast to Coaster | Six Flags Discovery Kingdom | Boomerang | 1998 | Operating | [47] |
Boomerang: Coast to Coaster | Six Flags Fiesta Texas | Boomerang | 1999 | Operating | [48] |
Booster Bike | Toverland | Motorbike | 2004 | Operating | [49] |
Calamity Mine | Walibi Belgium | Mine Train | 1992 | Operating | [50] |
Carolina Cobra Formerly Head Spin | Carowinds Geauga Lake | Boomerang | 1996 | Operating | [51][52] |
Cobra | Walibi Belgium | Boomerang | 2001 | Operating | [53] |
Dream Catcher Formerly Air Race | Bobbejaanland | Suspended Coaster | 1987 | Operating | [54] |
Ednör – L'Attaque Formerly Serial Thriller | La Ronde Six Flags Astroworld | SLC 689m Standard | 1999 | Operating | [55][56] |
El Condor | Walibi Holland | SLC 662m Prototype | 1994 | Operating | [57] |
Escape from Madagascar | Dreamworld | SFC 342m | 2002 | Operating | [58] |
Expedition Everest | Disney's Animal Kingdom | Mine Train Custom | 2006 | Operating | [59] |
Firehawk Formerly X-Flight | Kings Island Geauga Lake | Flying Dutchman 1020m | 2007 | Operating | [60][61] |
Flashback Formerly Vampire Formerly Boomerang | Six Flags New England Kentucky Kingdom Nanhu Amusement Park | Boomerang | 1985 | Operating | [62][63][64] |
Flight Deck Formerly Top Gun | Canada's Wonderland | SLC 689m Standard | 1995 | Operating | [65] |
Flight of the Hippogriff Formerly Flying Unicorn | Islands of Adventure Islands of Adventure | Junior Coaster | 2000 | Operating | [66] |
Fly - The Great Nor'easter | Morey's Piers | SLC Custom | 1995 | Operating | [67] |
Flying Ace Aerial Chase | Carowinds | SFC 342m | 2003 | Operating | [68] |
Flying Ace Aerial Chase | Kings Island | SFC 342m | 2001 | Operating | [69] |
Flying School Formerly Swamp Thing | Legoland Florida Cypress Gardens | SFC 342m | 2004 | Operating | [70] |
Freedom Flyer | Fun Spot America | SFC 395m | 2013 | Operating | [71] |
Gadget's Go Coaster | Disneyland Resort Tokyo Disneyland | Junior Coaster | 1993 1996 | Operating | |
Goliath Formerly Déjà Vu | Six Flags New England Six Flags Magic Mountain | Giant Inverted Boomerang | 2001 | Operating | [72][73] |
Infusion | Blackpool Pleasure Beach | SLC 689m Standard | 2007 | Operating | [74] |
Invertigo | Kings Island | Invertigo | 1999 | Operating | [75] |
Jimmy Neutron's Atomic Flyer | Movie Park Germany | SFC 294m | 2007 | Operating | [76] |
Jubilee Odyssey | Fantasy Island | SLC Custom | 2002 | Operating | [77] |
Kong Formerly Hangman | Six Flags Discovery Kingdom Opryland USA | SLC 689m Standard | 1995 | Operating | [78][79] |
Kvasten | Gröna Lund | SFC Custom | 2007 | Operating | [80] |
Magic Mountain | Gardaland | Double Loop Corkscrew | 1984 | Operating | [81] |
Mammut | Gardaland | Mine Train Custom | 2008 | Operating | [82] |
Mountain Peak | Jinjiang Action Park | Giant Inverted Boomerang | 2011 | Operating | [83] |
MP Xpress | Movie Park Germany | SLC 689m Standard | 2001 | Operating | [84] |
Muntanya Russa | Tibidabo Amusement Park | Steel Sitdown | 2008 | Operating | [85] |
Nighthawk Formerly Stealth | Carowinds California's Great America | Flying Dutchman 843m Prototype | 2000 | Operating | [86][87] |
Oki Doki Formerly Vekoma Pipo[88] Formerly Junior Coaster | Bobbejaanland | Junior Coaster | 2004 | Operating | [89] |
Python | Efteling | Double Loop Corkscrew | 1981 | Operating | [90] |
Raptor | Paultons Park | Family Boomerang | 2016 | Under Construction | |
Revolution | Bobbejaanland | Illusion | 1989 | Operating | [91] |
Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith Rock 'n' Roller Coaster avec Aerosmith | Disney's Hollywood Studios Disneyland Paris | LSM Coaster | 1999 2002 | Operating | [92][93] |
Roller Skater | Kentucky Kingdom | Junior (207m) | 1994 | Operating | [94] |
Sea Serpent | Morey's Piers | Boomerang | 1984 | Operating | [95] |
Shells Shuttle | Powerland (Treasure Island Pirate Kingdom) | Indoor Junior Coaster | 2006 | Operating | [96] |
Sidewinder | Hershey Park | Boomerang | 1991 | Operating | [97] |
Silver Streak | Canada's Wonderland | SFC 342m | 2001 | Operating | [98] |
Sky Mountain Formerly Déjà Vu | Mirabilandia Six Flags Over Georgia | Giant Inverted Boomerang | 2001 | In storage | [99][100] |
Space Mountain: Mission 2 Formerly Space Mountain - De la terre à la lune | Disneyland Park (Paris) | Steel | 2005 1995 | Operating Operated | [101] |
Space Shuttle Max Formerly Cobra | Enchanted Kingdom West Midland Safari Park | Boomerang | 1985 | Operating | [102][103] |
Speed of Sound | Walibi Holland | Boomerang | 2000 | Operating | [104] |
Seven Dwarfs Mine Train | Disney World-Magic Kingdom | Custom Other | 2014 | Now Open | |
Steel Lasso | Frontier City | SFC 294m | 2008 | Operating | [105] |
Stinger Formerly Invertigo | Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom California's Great America | Invertigo | 1998 | Operating | [106][107] |
Stress Express | Fantawild Adventure | Sitdown | 2012 | Operating | [108] |
Stunt Fall | Parque Warner Madrid | Giant Inverted Boomerang | 2002 | Operating | [109] |
Swamp Thing | Wild Adventures | SFC 342m | 2003 | Operating | [109] |
T3 Formerly T² | Kentucky Kingdom | SLC 662m Prototype | 1995 | Operating | [110] |
Thunderhawk Formerly Serial Thriller | Michigan's Adventure Geauga Lake | SLC 689m Standard | 1998 | Operating | [111][112] |
Triops Formerly Tornado Formerly unknown Formerly HangOver | Bagatelle Sommerland Syd Allou Fun Park Liseberg | Invertigo | 1997 | Operating | [113][114][115][116] |
Two Face: The Flip Side | Six Flags America | Invertigo | 1999 | Defunct since 2007 | [117] |
Wipeout Formerly Missile Formerly Coca-Cola Roller | Pleasurewood Hills The American Adventure Theme Park Glasgow Garden Festival | Boomerang | 1988 | Operating | [118][119][120] |
Woodstock Express | Cedar Point | Junior 335m | 1999 | Operating | [121] |
Xpress: Platform 13 | Walibi Holland | LSM Launch | 2000 | Operating | [122] |
Zoomerang Formerly The Demon Formerly Titan | Alabama Adventure Wonderland Sydney World Expo Park | Boomerang | 1988 | Defunct from 2011 | [123][124][125] |
Zoomerang | Lake Compounce | Boomerang | 1997 | Operating | [126] |
Zydeco Scream Formerly Boomerang | Six Flags New Orleans Parc de Montjuic | Boomerang | 1990 | Defunct | [127][128] |
Gallery
-
Suspended Looping Coaster, a popular Vekoma design
-
Boomerang, another of Vekoma's most popular ride models
-
Invertigo, a variation on the Boomerang design
-
Giant Inverted Boomerang, a more extreme version of Invertigo
-
Vekoma Roller Skater, a small family coaster design
-
Wooden Coaster, One of Vekoma`s wooden coasters (Thundercoaster Tusenfryd)
-
Motorbike roller coaster, a specially designed coaster with seats that are like motorbikes
References
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Vekoma". Roller Coaster Database. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
- ↑ Giant Wheels go Dutch - Vekoma takes over Bussink range
- ↑ Dutch Wheels - our product range
- ↑ Ride experts call 11-year-old Pleasantville girl's fatal fall from Wildwood's Morey's Pier Ferris wheel a freak occurrence
- ↑ Navy Pier's new attractions deemed 'critical' to luring variety of patrons.
- ↑ Historic Navy Pier Attractions - Pier Park
- ↑ 10 millionth rider goes for spin on Navy Pier ferris wheel
- ↑ Delhi Eye thrown open to the public
- ↑ Giant wheel a monumental treat
- ↑ Partners - The Hong Kong Observation Wheel
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Big Air (E-DA Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ↑ "Stingray".
- ↑ "Raadselachtige nieuwe achtbaan opgebouwd in Limburg". looping.nl (in Dutch). April 23, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Great Mall of China)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Dive Pretzel Coaster (Limburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Bandit Bomber (Yas Waterworldrcdb_number=6536)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ↑ Template:Cite rcdb
- ↑ "Vekoma rides on". Park World Magazine: 30. November 2013.
- ↑ Vekoma - rcdb.com
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Apocalypse (Lunapark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Déjà Vu (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Aftershock (Silverwood Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Lethal Weapon - The Ride (Warner Bros. Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Bandit Bomber (YAS Waterworld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Babylon (Happylon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Barnstormer (Walt Disney World Magic Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Bat (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Bat (Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Batman: The Ride (Six Flags Mexico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Battlestar Galactica (Universal Studios Singapore)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Ben 10 - Ultimate Mission (Drayton Manor)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Big Air (E-DA Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Big Thunder Mountain (Disneyland Paris)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Big Grizzly Mountain Runaway Mine Cars (Hong Kong Disneyland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Blue Tornado (Gardaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (La Ronde)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Parc Touristique des Combes)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Six Flags Mexico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Six Flags St. Louis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flashback (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Wild Adventures)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Worlds of Fun)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang Coast to Coaster (Darien Lake)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang Coast to Coaster (Great Escape)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang Coast to Coaster (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Six Flags Fiesta Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Booster Bike (Toverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Calamity Mine (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Carolina Cobra (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Head Spin (Geauga Lake)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Cobra (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Oki Doki (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Ednör - L'Attaque (La Ronde)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Serial Thriller (Six Flags Astroworld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "El Condor (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Escape from Madagascar (Dreamworld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Expedition Everest (Disney's Animal Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Firehawk (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "X-Flight (Geauga Lake)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flashback (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Vampire (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Nanhu Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flight Deck (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flight of the Hippogriff (Universal Studios Island of Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Fly the Great Nor'Easter (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flying Ace Aerial Chase (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flying Ace Aerial Chase (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flying School (Legoland Florida)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Freedom Flyer (Fun Spot Action Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Goliath (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Déjà Vu (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Infusion (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Invertigo (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jimmy Neutron's Atomic Flyer (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jubilee Odyssey (Fantasy Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Kong (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Hangman (Opryland USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Kvasten (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Magic-Mountain (Gardaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Mammut (Gardaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Mountain Peak (Jinjiang Action Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "MP-Xpress (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Muntanya Russa (Tibidabo Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Nighthawk (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Stealth (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Oki Doki
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Oki Doki (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Python (Efteling)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Revolution". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Rock 'n' Roller Coaster (Disney's Hollywood Studios)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Rock 'n' Roller Coaster (Disneyland Paris - Walt Disney Studios Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Roller Skater (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Sea Serpent (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Shells Shuttle (Powerland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Sidewinder (Hershey Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Silver Streak (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Déjà Vu (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Sky Mountain (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Space Mountain: Mission 2 (Disneyland Park (Paris))". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Space Shuttle (Enchanted Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Cobra (West Midland Safari Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Speed of Sound (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Steel Lasso (Frontier City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Stinger (Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Invertigo (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Stress Express (Fantawild Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
- 1 2 Marden, Duane. "Stunt Fall (Parque Warner Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "T2 (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Thunderhawk (Michigan's Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Serial Thriller (Geauga Lake)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Triops (Bagatelle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Tornado (Sommerland Syd)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "unknown (Allou Fun Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "HangOver (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Two-Face: The Flip Side (Six Flags America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wipeout (Pleasurewood Hills)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Missile (American Adventure Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Coca-Cola Roller (Glasgow Garden Festival)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Woodstock Express (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Xpress (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Zoomerang (Alabama Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Demon (Wonderland Sydney)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Titan (World Expo Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Zoomerang (Lake Compounce)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Zydeco Scream (Six Flags New Orleans)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ Marden, Duane. "Boomerang (Parc de Montjuic)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
External links
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