William A. Irvin
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| History | |
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 United States
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| Name: | SS William A. Irvin |
| Owner: | US Steel |
| Builder: | American Ship Building Company |
| Launched: | 10 November 1937 |
| Sponsored by: | Gertrude Irvin |
| Status: | Museum ship |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage: | 13,600 gross tons |
| Length: | 610 ft 9.75 in (186.1757 m) |
| Beam: | 60 ft (18 m) |
| Depth: | 32 ft 6 in (9.91 m) |
| Installed power: | DeLaval Cross steam turbine |
| Speed: |
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William A. Irvin | |
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The bow of William A. Irvin | |
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| Location | Duluth, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 46°46′59.86″N 92°5′50.62″W / 46.7832944°N 92.0973944°WCoordinates: 46°46′59.86″N 92°5′50.62″W / 46.7832944°N 92.0973944°W |
| Built | 1938 |
| Architect | American Ship Building Co., Lorain, OH |
| NRHP Reference # | 89000858[1] |
| Added to NRHP | 13 July 1989 |
SS William A. Irvin is a lake freighter that sailed as a bulk freighter on the Great Lakes as part US Steel's lake fleet. She was flagship of the company fleet from her launch in the depths of the depression in 1938 until 1975 and then was a general workhorse of the fleet until her retirement in 1978. Currently, William A. Irvin is moored at Duluth, Minnesota, a well maintained example of a classic laker. William A. Irvin is a prime example of a straight decker, as she has no self-unloading system.
History
William A. Irvin was launched 10 November 1937 at the yards of the American Ship Building Company in Lorain, Ohio. Her maiden voyage began 25 June 1938 after outfitting in Lorain. William A. Irvin was the first of a four-vessel class, including Governor Miller, John Hulst, and Ralph H. Watson; each costing about US$1.3 million. After christening by William Irvin's wife, Gertrude Irvin, and sea trials, William A. Irvin went to work hauling bulk materials from the tip of Lake Superior (Two Harbors, Superior and Duluth) down to US Steel's mills on Lakes Michigan and Erie (Lorain and Conneut, Ohio; Gary, Indiana). She and her three sisters incorporated many technological features in their design and proved themselves excellent workers. William A. Irvin also hauled many company guests in the boat's exceptional luxury on behalf US Steel. She steamed for the Pittsburgh Steamship Division of US Steel for her entire career. On 27 August 1940, William A. Irvin set a record by unloading 13,856 tons of ore in 2 hours 55 minutes using Hulett Unloaders. This record still stands as of 2007 and is unlikely to be broken, because all ships today use automatic self-unloaders in the bottom of their cargo holds. William A. Irvin is one of few Great Lakes vessels to be retired still holding a current Great Lakes cargo record. William A. Irvin had one of the smallest capacities when she entered final layup in 1978 due to the addition of the fleet's first 1,000 feet (300 m) oreboat.
William A. Irvin sat in layup in West Duluth for 8 years until the Duluth Entertainment Convention Center purchased her for $110,000 for an addition to their convention center along the Duluth waterfront. William A. Irvin was repainted and sealed up before heading to her final dock near the Aerial Lift Bridge where she sits today as a museum ship.
Description
SS William A Irvin 610 feet 9.75 inches (186.1757 m) overall with a beam (width) of 60 feet (18 m) and a depth of 32 feet 6 inches (9.91 m). Her carrying capacity is 13,600 gross tons. William A Irvin was one of few lakers built with a three-tiered bow cabin, as opposed to the standard two. The extra deck is used to house a suite of 4 guest cabins and a guest lounge. Also a part of the guest accommodations was a guest dining room located where the number two hatch would be on most lakers. Those parts of the boat are trimmed in oak paneling and walnut veneer with brass handrailings. William A Irvin and her sisters were some of the first to be powered by DeLaval Cross steam turbines as opposed to the standard reciprocating triple expansion steam engines. William A Irvin also included welding in much of her construction and was also the first to have all areas of the ship accessible from the interior of the ship which allowed the boat's crew to stay inside during rough weather.
All parts of William A Irvin, from the woodwork in the guest quarters to the brass in the engine room, have been well cared for. She is also known as the Haunted Ship in October. During the month of October, volunteers decorate the ship and host a "Haunted Ship" attracting tourists from all around.
William A. Irvin
William A. Irvin was the fourth president of US Steel. After his father died while he was in the eighth grade, he dropped out of grade school to support his mother. He went straight to the mines and worked his way up to the corporations, where he eventually became president. His first wife died giving birth to their fifth child. He and his second wife, Gertrude Irvin, never had any children. William and Gertrude were the very first guests aboard William A Irvin.
Loading/Unloading
William A Irvin could carry up to 14,000 tons of iron ore in either the processed taconite form, or the raw iron ore straight from the mines. About 90% of what she carried was taconite, although she did switch to coal and limestone for periods of time. William A Irvin was equipped to carry grain, although she never did due to the problems associated with switching cargoes from taconite to grain. All cargo was loaded and unloaded through the top of the ship, through the 18 hatches on deck. All hatches were covered with large one-piece steel hatch covers, which weighed 5.5 tons per cover. After all the covers were lifted off and placed aside using the hatch crane, the cargo could be dumped to the bottom of the three holds, which would normally take 3-4 hours to complete. Unloading used Hulett cranes: cranes whose necks reach down to the bottom of the holds and grab 10-15 tons per bite, much like a large playground crane. After all the cargo was either in or out of the holds, the hatch covers would be replaced and clamped down using the dog-ear or butterfly clamps. Although the covers needed a crane to move them, they would need to be secured to ensure that they would not be dislodged by waves washing the decks during storms.
The Engine Room
William A Irvin is powered by geared steam-turbine engines, rather than the gigantic, two-story tall reciprocating engines used in older ore-carrying ships of the period. The steam from the boiler room at the front of the engine room, came from a gravity-fed coal-burning boiler. The coal bunker is directly above the boiler room, carrying up to 266 tons of coal. This coal drops down to the twin-arm Firite spreaders, burning 1.2 tons of coal per hour to get the steam.
The steam enters the first (high pressure) turbine, turning the shaft at 5,600 rpm. A reduction gear turns the propeller at 90 rpm. The second (low pressure) turbine extracts additional power from waste steam from the high-pressure turbine, and their combined 2,000 horsepower (1,500 kW) would move William A Irvin around the lakes at 11.1 mph (9.6 kn; 17.9 km/h) fully loaded. Empty, William A Irvin would steam at 12.5 mph (10.9 kn; 20.1 km/h), making her the slowest ship in the entire fleet. (Normally, ships at the time would move at 12–14 mph (10–12 kn; 19–23 km/h). Ships were created during that period which could sail at 20 mph (17 kn; 32 km/h), but were scrapped or repowered immediately due to the high coal consumption.)
Communication was possible using either the Chadburn telegraph or sound-powered telephones. The Chadburn receives signals from the pilothouse, which instructs the engineers below how fast the propeller needs to turn. Sound-powered telephones can be used to communicate with other parts of the ship at any time, and are especially useful for blackouts or other electrical emergencies.
References
- ↑ Staff (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
- "Great Lakes Vessels Online Index". Historical Collections of the Great Lakes. Bowling Green State University. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
External links
- SS William A. Irvin - official site at Duluth Entertainment Convention Center
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to William A. Irvin (ship, 1938). |
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