William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire

Arms of Scrope Azure, a bend or (See Scrope v. Grosvenor)

Arms of Sir William le Scrope, KG, as depicted on his stall plate at St. George's chapel

Sir William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, King of Mann KG (1350–1399) was a close supporter of King Richard II of England. He was a second son of Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton.

Life

He was a soldier-adventurer in Lithuania,^[1] Italy and France, where he served with John of Gaunt. Gaunt made him seneschal of Aquitaine in 1383.^[2] He was made vice-chamberlain of the household of King Richard II in 1393 and granted the castle and manor of Marlborough in Wiltshire.^[3] In the same year his father purchased for him the Isle of Man from the earl of Salisbury, giving him the nominal title Dominus de Man or King of Mann.^[4] In 1394 he became a Knight of the Garter.

He was made Earl of Wiltshire in 1397 and became Lord High Treasurer in 1398.^[5] He became effective head of the government in Richard's absence.^[6] He benefitted from the confiscated estates of Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick, who was kept for a time under his hand in the Isle of Man, and of John of Gaunt; he also accumulated control of a number of strategic castles.^[7] He was left 2,000 marks in King Richard's will in April 1399.

He had been closely involved in Richard's second marriage to the 6-year-old Isabella of Valois in 1396 ^[8] and was made Isabella's guardian at Wallingford Castle,^[9] of which he was castellan,^[10] when the King went to Ireland in 1399.

Together with Sir John Bussy, Sir William Bagot and Sir Henry Green he had been made responsible for assisting the Duke of York in the defence of the realm during Richard's absence, when the exiled Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford seized his chance to invade. Scrope was captured with Bussy and Green when Bristol Castle surrendered to Henry on July 28, 1399. He was executed without trial in Bristol Castle, together with Bussy and Green, and his head carried to London in a white basket to be displayed on London Bridge. After Hereford's ascendance to the throne as Henry IV, Parliament confirmed the sentence and determined that all his estates and title were to be forfeit to the crown.^[11]

Family

He married in 1396 Isabel Russell (d.1437), 2nd. daughter of Sir Maurice Russell (1356–1416) of Dyrham, Glos. and Kingston Russell, Dorset.^[12]

Earldom

An attempt was made by Simon Thomas Scrope to reclaim the Earldom by a collateral descendant, over 500 years later. Although he was proven to be the senior heir male general, the claim failed on other grounds.

In 1869, the Committee for Privileges of the House of Lords, after a series of hearings beginning in 1862 under the title of Wiltes Claim of Peerage 4 HL 126, rejected the claim of Simon Thomas Scrope, of Danby, to the Earldom of Wiltes (Wiltshire) granted to William le Scrope, above. It was proved that Simon Thomas Scrope was the senior heir male of the Earl of Wiltes, but the Committee for Privileges decided that as a matter of law an English peerage could not descend to heirs male general who were not directly descended from the original grantee; they also rejected arguments based on the irregularity of the original sentence by Henry IV before he had become King. The Committee declined to follow its own earlier decision in the Devon Peerage Claim (1831) 5 English Reports 293, in which a grant to "heirs male" had been allowed to pass to heirs male collateral.

References

1. Christopher Tyerman, England and the Crusades, 1095-1588 (1996), p. 270.
2. Scrope
3. The Scropes and the Isle of Man
4. Bolton Castle
5. E. B. Fryde, Handbook of British Chronology (1996), p. 106.
6. John Smith Roskell, Parliament and Politics in Late Medieval England II (1981), p. 61.
7. Anthony Emery, Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500 (1996), p. 497.
8. Michael Bennett, Richard II and the Revolution of 1399 (1999), p. 79.
9. Wallingford Characters
10. Wallingford Characters
11. Baron Scrope of Bolton
12. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004, Scrope, William

Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages

External links

• Biography