Willow beauty

Willow beauty
Adult male from Dresden (Germany)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Division: Ditrysia
Family: Geometridae
Tribe: Boarmiini
Genus: Peribatodes
Species: P. rhomboidaria
Binomial name
Peribatodes rhomboidaria
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
Synonyms

Numerous, see text

The willow beauty (Peribatodes rhomboidaria) is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a common species of Europe and adjacent regions (Near East and the Maghreb). While it is found widely throughout Scandinavian countries, which have a maritime climate, it is absent from parts of the former USSR which are at the same latitude but have a more continental climate.[1]

The head of a male Peribatodes rhomboidaria

Up to four subspecies are listed by some authors, while others consider the willow beauty a monotypic species or accept only rhomboidaria and sublutearia as distinct:[2]

Under its junior synonym Geometra rhomboidaria, the willow beauty is the type species of its genus Peribatodes. This was initially proposed as a subgenus of Boarmia but eventually elevated to full genus rank.[3]

Description and ecology

Caterpillar

The adult's wingspan is 40–48 mm. The wings of this species are whitish-grey or -yellowish, though they have a buff or grey appearance from a distance, as they are heavily speckled with brown or black dots. Running over the fore- and hindwings in a semicircle are the two blackish bands commonly found in Ennominae, but they are broken and somewhat indistinct in this species. A tell-tale characteristic is a single bulge in the forewing part of the outer blackish bands. Melanic forms (e.g. rebeli) sometimes occur. The sexes can be distinguished by their antennae, which are strongly feathered in the male, but almost smooth in the female.[4]

This moth inhabits woodland, gardens and similar habitat. Either one or two generations occur each year, depending on locality. The adults are on the wing during summer – e.g. June to September on the British Isles, while in the more continental climate of Austria they are rarely seen anymore in late August. They fly at night and are attracted to light.[4]

The caterpillar larva is reddish-brown and feeds on a variety of trees and shrubs, but – despite its name – rarely or never on willows (Salix). The species overwinters as a small larva. As evidenced by the species' distribution, it does not seem to tolerate severe and dry winters very well.[5]

Recorded food plants

Willow beauty larvae are highly polyphagous and not adapted to a specific lineage of foodplants. Rather, they eat foliage of a wide range of eudicots, as well as some other plants. Recorded foodplants include:[6]

Synonyms

Junior synonyms of the willow beauty include:[7]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Skinner (1984), FE (2009)
  2. ↑ FE (2009)
  3. ↑ Pitkin & Jenkins (2004)
  4. 1 2 Kolar (1942), Skinner (1984), Chinery (2007)
  5. ↑ Skinner (1984), Chinery (2007), FE (2009)
  6. ↑ Skinner (1984), Chinery (2007), and see references in Savela (2002)
  7. ↑ FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2002)

References

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