Woodward, Oklahoma

Woodward, Oklahoma
City

Main Street, c. 1910
Motto: "Energy For Life"

Location of Woodward, Oklahoma
Woodward, Oklahoma

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 36°25′59″N 99°23′52″W / 36.43306°N 99.39778°W / 36.43306; -99.39778Coordinates: 36°25′59″N 99°23′52″W / 36.43306°N 99.39778°W / 36.43306; -99.39778
Country United States
State Oklahoma
County Woodward
Area
 • Total 13.2 sq mi (34.2 km2)
 • Land 13.1 sq mi (34.0 km2)
 • Water 0.1 sq mi (0.2 km2)
Elevation 1,909 ft (582 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 12,051
 • Density 910/sq mi (350/km2)
Time zone Central (CST) (UTC-6)
 • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes 73801-73802
Area code(s) 580
FIPS code 40-82150 [1]
GNIS feature ID 1100006 [2]
Website cityofwoodward.com

Woodward is a city in and the county seat of Woodward County, Oklahoma, United States.[3] It is the largest city in a nine-county area.[4] The population was 12,051 at the 2010 census.

The area was historically occupied by the Kiowa, Comanche, Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes.[4] European-American settlers established the town in 1887 after construction of the railroad to that point for shipping cattle to markets. The town was on the Great Western Cattle Trail. In the 19th century, it was one of the most important depots in the Oklahoma Territory for shipping cattle to the East. As an important cattle town, it had the rough frontier bawdiness of the time.[5] The United States opened up much of the area to European-American settlement by the Land Run of 1893 and migrants rushed into the area.

Boiling Springs State Park, named for its artesian springs that seem to boil, has been established east of the city. After statehood, in 1911 Woodward was established as a court town for the US District Court of western Oklahoma. Annual federal dockets were held annually in November through 1948, and sporadically by need after that.

History

Native American settlement

Cabinet Saloon (located behind tree in center of photograph), Main Street, c. 1911

For thousands of years, succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples inhabited the areas along the North Canadian River. The Plains tribes adopted use of the horse from the Spanish settlers in the 17th and 18th centuries, which greatly increased their range of nomadic hunting. Before the American Civil War, the historic Plains tribes of the Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Cheyenne, and Arapaho occupied this area.[4]

Boiling Springs, near present-day Woodward, was a favorite campsite of the Plains Indians. A battle between the Kiowa and Cheyenne tribes took place nearby in 1838.[4] The Kiowa and Comanche tribes also battled the United States Army in 1868 in this area, when the US redeployed troops after the Civil War against Native Americans in the West.[6]

In the late 19th century, these tribes fought numerous battles against the United States soldiers and settlers through a wide area around the springs. After the war, United States Army made various expeditions against the Plains tribes in the Cherokee Outlet. Lieutenant colonel Alfred Sully, lieutenant colonel George Armstrong Custer, and General Philip Sheridan, stationed nearby at Fort Supply, led these expeditions. In the 1880s, the Comanche considered this area as part of their "Comancheria", the unofficial name of their territory, which stretched from Kansas to Mexico.[6]

Settlement as a Town

In April 1887, the Southern Kansas Railway, a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, built tracks from Kiowa, Kansas to Fort Reno Military Road near the south bank of the North Canadian River.[5] European-American settlers established Woodward at this junction. The source of the name of the town a mystery. People perhaps named the town for Brinton W. Woodward, usually identified as a Santa Fe Railway director, or bison hunter, teamster, and eventually local saddle-maker Richard "Uncle Dick" Woodward.

The town quickly developed as an important shipping point, both for provisioning Fort Supply and as a place for loading cattle grazed in the Cherokee Outlet for shipment to eastern markets. Woodward ranked among the most important depots in the Oklahoma Territory for shipping cattle to the Eastern and Northern states. The Great Western Cattle Trail met the railroad where Woodward developed. In the summer of 1893, carpenters erected the first government building at the railroad depot, called Woodward. Woodward then embraced two hundred residents.

On 16 September 1893, officials opened the Cherokee Outlet across northern Oklahoma, which more than fifty thousand migrants settled in the greatest land run in American history. A surveying error then caused location of the government town, its land office, and other public buildings in the section west of the existing improvements, fifteen blocks away from the depot, post office, and stockyards. Since territorial days, Woodward served as the county seat of Woodward County.

Two towns developed. East Woodward, called Denver, began near the improvements, and Woodward began near the land office. In October 1894, people moved the depot west and relocated it between Fifth Street and Sixth Street; East Woodward businesses followed the depot. Government in time moved the land office, jail, and other buildings east toward the depot. The towns merged into one. The joining resulted in the curve curve in the long Main Street of the town at Eighth Street, originally Boundary Street.

On 13 March 1894, outlaws Bill Doolin and Bill Dalton robbed the railroad station at Woodward, taking an undisclosed amount of money.

Like Dodge City, Kansas, to the North, Woodward boasted a cattle town array of saloons, gambling halls, and brothels. Drovers widely knew Equity, Midway, Shamrock, and Cabinet saloons of Woodward and the Dew Drop Inn as their watering holes at the end of a cattle drive. Dollie Kezer worked at some of most famous brothels of Denver, Colorado, and Horace Tabor threw lavish parties that she attended before coming to Woodward, where she owned and managed the Dew Drop Inn, which served as another watering hole and also as a brothel.

In 1894, Temple Lea Houston, former Texas state senator and son of Samuel Houston, moved his law practice and family to Woodward. After a personal disagreement in the Cabinet Saloon with the brother and father of the outlaw Al Jennings, Houston shot and killed the brother. Jack E. Love joined his close friend, Temple Lea Houston, in the gunfight. The events slowed the career of neither man. Authorities in Woodward charged and tried Houston for murder, but a jury acquitted him on grounds of self-defense. Temple Lea Houston won a reputation as a brilliant trial lawyer, known for his courtroom dramatics. He delivered his "Soiled Dove Plea" in a makeshift courtroom in opera house of Woodward. He famously argued on behalf of a prostitute, who worked at the Dew Drop Inn; after consideration of ten minutes, the jury acquitted her. Temple Lea Houston died in 1905 (and is buried) in Woodward.

People later elected Jack E. Love to the Oklahoma Corporation Commission, and he served as its first chairman.

Woodward ranked as one of the most extensive cattle shipping points in Oklahoma Territory. Some men rode for the large cattle outfits of the 1890s and later developed rodeo as a sport. Cow ponies, tied to hitching posts, lined the sandy Main Street.

When open range ended in 1901, however, homesteaders rushed into Woodward County. Wagons of farmers, filled with corn, cotton, or sorghum crops for market, before late 1902 quickly replaced the cow ponies.

On 7 September 1907, William Jennings Bryan spoke to twenty thousand people gathered in Woodward, urging the ratification of proposed state constitution of Oklahoma and the election of a Democratic Party ticket. Two months later, President Theodore Roosevelt, signed the act of Congress proclaiming admission of Oklahoma as a state with the quill from an American golden eagle, captured near Woodward. Population of Woodward exceeded two thousand at statehood of 1907.

County Seat and Cattle Town

An Act of Congress in 1911 designated Woodward a court town for the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma.

The Wichita Falls and Northwestern Railway constructed a rail line through Woodward County and Woodward in 1911/1912; the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad later acquired this line.

People introduced successfully Hereford cattle in Woodward County. With this development, cattlemen, such as William Thomas Waggoner, attempted to lease school lands in Woodward County for grazing. These attempts led Woodward County ranchers to form the Oklahoma Livestock Association. At the urging of United States Senator Thomas Pryor Gore and David P. Marum, the former law partner of Temple Lea Houston, in 1912 the United States government located an agricultural research station in Woodward. With the dairy cows replacing beef cattle and progress measured in the number of plow-broken acres, the United States Department of Agriculture established the Great Plains Field Station, immediately southwest of town, in 1913. Wagons of farmers with other crops gave way to wheat as the cash crop before 1914.

Old Woodward Post Office and Federal Courthouse

People constructed Woodward Federal Courthouse and Post Office in Woodward in 1918, and it opened in 1921. Federal court held dockets annually each November in Woodward.

The Woodward News began as the local newspaper in 1926.

Some of the men who rode for the large cattle outfits three decades earlier organized the Elks Rodeo, which began in 1929 at an arena north of town. The ranching and cattle industries still dominated economy of Woodward.

During the Great Depression, local Works Progress Administration projects included the damming of an artesian well, a failed oil-well venture, to form Crystal Beach Lake and its adjacent park. This facility served as a playground for trade area of Woodward and home for the Elks Rodeo.

Town leaders certainly prevented fencing of the market drives away from the stockyards in the early years. On 23 February 1933, the Woodward Livestock Auction, the first commercial-grade cattle auction in Oklahoma, opened, keeping the cattle-marketing tradition.

On 13 September 1934, Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh made an unexpected emergency landing 23 miles (37 km) northeast of Woodward. They spent two days at a rural farm, waiting for a relief plane to arrive at Woodward. Charles Lindbergh refused to give any interviews but said that he and his wife, eager for privacy, no longer wanted the public spotlight.

From 1934, Trego’s Westwear manufactured Western cut clothing for customers all over the world. The company frequently made costumes for rodeo stars, movie stars, Dale Evans, and Roy Rogers.

1947 tornado and recovery

Woodward was forever changed on the evening of 9 April 1947, when a tornado that had formed near the Texas border ripped across the city. The storm moved from southwest to northeast, destroying two hundred city blocks, mostly residential areas, and killing more than one hundred people. People then measured history as happening before or after the tornado. The federal court held dockets annually each November in Woodward until 1948 and sporadically thereafter.

Early in 1956, Charles Woodward Pappe, an entrepreneur from Kingfisher, Oklahoma, met Troy Smith (businessman) while visiting friends in Shawnee, Oklahoma. On 18 May 1956, Pappe opened his second Top-Hat Drive-In Restaurant in Woodward. Pappe inspired Smith to found Sonic Drive-In, eventually one of the largest chain of fast food restaurants in the United States.

Petroleum Economy

In late November 1956, people first discovered natural gas in Woodward County at McCormick Number One well; a two-decade boom of oil and gas production ensued. Main Street and Oklahoma Avenue stretched westward into the "Oil Patch."

On 14 January 1957, Ezra Taft Benson, then United States Secretary of Agriculture and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Later-day Saints, accompanied President Dwight David Eisenhower, who made a 12 miles (19 km) inspection tour of drought-damaged lands around Woodward. A crowd of twelve thousand persons received him at Woodward Municipal Airport.

One of the largest deposits of iodine in the world underlies many portions of Woodward County. Since 1977, numerous companies explored and produced this crude iodine. These companies include Woodward Iodine and Deepwater Chemicals, located in Woodward.

As beef cattle again dominated the land and with the new goal of reestablishing grassy pastures, in 1978, United States Department of Agriculture renamed its facility the Southern Plains Range Research Station.

The population exceeded ten thousand in the 1970s. Good times brought a new high school, a vocational-technical school, a new post office, a new hospital, and an industrial park.

Decline and Recovery

The economic downturn in the early 1980s, however, caused the first population decrease in the history of the city.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Woodward County, Oklahoma, in 1988 added Woodward Crystal Beach Park.

With increasingly casual dress in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in Western wear waned. Trego’s Westwear closed its manufacturing plant in 1995 and ceased operations in 1999.

Various local attractions include the Plains Indians and Pioneers Museum in Woodward. The city maintains a city manager commission type of government.

Tornadoes

1947

On April 9, 1947, the deadliest tornado in Oklahoma history tore through Woodward, killing 107 people and destroying 100 city blocks. The family of tornadoes, known as the 1947 Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes, ranked as the sixth deadliest in US history. They caused many fatalities and much damage in other communities in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.

2012

On April 14, 2012, an EF-3 tornado struck Woodward causing six deaths.[7][8]

Geography

Woodward is located in northwestern Oklahoma, on the eastern edge of the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles.[4] Its geographic coordinates are 36°25′59″N 99°23′52″W / 36.43306°N 99.39778°W / 36.43306; -99.39778 (36.433059, -99.397745)[9] and its elevation is 1,906 feet (581 meters).

The city lies on the North Canadian River, 100 miles (160 km) east-southeast of Guymon, Oklahoma and 85 miles (137 km) west of Enid, Oklahoma.[10] As the largest city in an area of nine counties, it is a commercial hub in northwestern Oklahoma.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.2 square miles (34 km2), of which 13.1 square miles (34 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.53%) is water.

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
19102,696—
19203,84942.8%
19305,05631.4%
19405,4066.9%
19505,9159.4%
19607,74731.0%
19709,56323.4%
198013,78144.1%
199012,340−10.5%
200011,853−3.9%
201012,0511.7%
Est. 201412,963[11]7.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 11,853 people, 4,787 households, and 3,245 families residing in the city. The population density was 903.5 inhabitants per square mile (348.8/km²). There were 5,561 housing units at an average density of 423.9 per square mile (163.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.98% White, 0.25% African American, 1.96% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 3.26% from other races, and 1.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.06% of the population.

There were 4,787 households out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city the population was spread out with 26.9% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,441, and the median income for a family was $39,766. Males had a median income of $29,222 versus $19,102 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,040. About 9.2% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Woodward is the principal center of trade for Northwest Oklahoma and a ten-county region including counties in Kansas and Texas. It serves a trade area of greater than 50,000 people. Agriculture, petroleum, wind energy, and manufacturing all contribute to Woodward's economy.

Woodward serves as a market and processing center for wheat, cattle, hay and poultry. The city has grown around the Southern Plains Range Research Station, a United States agricultural experiment station established in 1912.

Woodward also lies in an oil and natural-gas area on the shelf of Oklahoma's Anadarko Basin. In 1956, natural gas was discovered in Woodward County. Thereafter, Woodward enjoyed significant growth due to the opening and location of oil field service and drilling companies in Woodward.

In addition to hydrocarbons, many portions of Woodward County are underlain by one of the world's largest deposits of iodine. Since 1977, numerous companies have explored for and produced crude iodine in Woodward County. Woodward Iodine and Deepwater Chemicals are located in Woodward. In 2003, Florida Power & Light Company's subsidiary, FPL Energy, and the Oklahoma Municipal Power Authority, began commercial production of electricity generated from wind turbines constructed seven miles (11 km) north of Woodward.

Manufacturers include oil field equipment, apparel, crude iodine, and printing and publishing. Clothing factories are a relatively recent addition.

The Plains Indians and Pioneers Museum attracts tourists to the city. Boiling Springs State Park[13] lies to the east of Woodward.

Woodward is the corporate headquarters for Beaver Express Service, L.L.C., Oklahoma's largest and oldest Oklahoma-based small package express and LTL motor freight carrier. Beaver Express serves the states of Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Missouri, and Texas.

Agriculture

By the early 20th century, Hereford cattle were introduced successfully in Woodward County. With this development, cattlemen such as Dan Waggoner and his son, W.T. Waggoner, attempted to lease school lands in Woodward County for grazing. These attempts led to the formation of the Oklahoma Livestock Association by Woodward County ranchers. At the urging of Senator Thomas P. Gore and David P. Marum, the former law partner of Temple Lea Houston, in 1912 the United States government located an agricultural research station in Woodward.[14] By 1930, the ranching and cattle industry dominated Woodward's economy. On February 23, 1933, Oklahoma's first commercial-grade cattle auction, the Woodward Livestock Auction, opened in Woodward.

In 1929, Woodward ranchers and businessmen organized the Woodward Elks Rodeo, which through 1959 was one of the premier cowboy rodeos in the nation. As many as 35,000 people would attend the three-day event. National rodeo champions such as Bob Crosby, Paul Carney, Toots Mansfield, Homer Pettigrew, Ace Soward, Eddie Curtis, Jess Goodspeed, Ike Rude, Jim Shoulder, Sonny Davis, Sonny Linger, and Tater Decker all competed at the Woodward Elks Rodeo.

Businesses

Between 1934 and 1999, the Trego’s Westwear Company of Woodward manufactured Western cut clothing for customers all over the world. Rodeo and movie stars were customers of the company and costumes were frequently made for Dale Evans and Roy Rogers. As dress became more casual in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in Western wear waned. Trego’s closed its manufacturing plant in 1995.

On May 18, 1956, Charles Woodward Pappe, an entrepreneur from Kingfisher, opened the second Top-Hat Drive-In Restaurant in the United States, which was the precursor to the Sonic Drive-In. A few months earlier, Pappe had met Troy Smith, while visiting friends in Shawnee, Oklahoma. With Pappe's inspiration, Sonic was founded and eventually became one of the largest chain of fast food restaurants in the US.

Education

Woodward has an early childhood center, three elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school.[15] The Woodward school district serves more than 2,500 students.[15] The city also has a private school, the Woodward Christian Academy, that serves more than 100 students.[16]

The city's High Plains Technology Center offers courses and degrees in career and technical education. Woodward is also home to the Woodward campus of Northwestern Oklahoma State University, which offers courses and degrees to the local population.

The City of Woodward-owned Woodward Public Library has seen a recent complete remodel under management of Head Librarian Connie Terry. It is a fairly large facility for a city of 12,000 population and has a complete computer internet center.

Media

The Woodward News has been the local news source since 1926. It is currently distributed five days a week and owned by Community Newspaper Holdings Inc.,[17] It is distributed freely to the town's residents.

KWOX 101.1 (K101) Country; has been serving Woodward since December 1983.

KMZE Z92 92.1 News/Talk; owned by FM92 Broadcasters

KWFX 100.1 Country; Owned by Classic Communications

KWDQ 102.3 (Q102) Alternative Rock; Owned by Classic Communications

KSIW AM 1450 "Sports Animal" Sports Talk; has been serving Woodward way back into the 1950s

KAZY 95.9 - NPR Public Radio; owned by Cameron University in Lawton OFF AIR

KJOV 90.7 - Simulcast of KJIL 99.1 (Meade, Kansas) (Christian Radio)

KZZW 104.5 - "104.5 KZZW" Top 40

KLSI 107.3 - Classic Hits Owned by Classic Commmincations


Translators: 89.9 Simulcast from KHYM (Meade, Kansas) "Southern Gospel" 97.1 KREJ 100.7 Medicine Lodge, Kansas (Christian Talk/Teaching)

Visitors

On March 13, 1894, outlaws Bill Doolin and Bill Dalton robbed the railroad station at Woodward, taking an undisclosed amount of money.

On September 13, 1934, Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh made an unexpected emergency landing 23 miles (37 km) northeast of Woodward. The Lindberghs spent two days at a rural farm waiting for a relief plane to arrive at Woodward. Charles Lindbergh refused to give any interviews, saying he and his wife were eager for privacy and no longer wanted to be in the public spotlight.

On January 14, 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower, who was accompanied by Ezra Taft Benson, made a 12-mile (19 km) inspection tour of drought-damaged lands around Woodward. He was received by a crowd of 12,000 people at the Woodward Municipal Airport.

In 1982 the popular national comedian Flip Wilson unexpectedly landed his helium balloon seven miles (11 km) east of Woodward in the town of Mooreland, attracting media and local attention.

On July 3 and 4, 2009, former President George W. Bush was involved in Fourth of July festivities and gave a speech at Crystal Beach Park on Independence Day itself. It was the first time any President of the United States, past or present, had entered Woodward proper.[18]

Notable natives and residents

References

  1. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  2. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Architectural/Historical Reconnaissance Level Survey of Certain Portions of the City of Woodward (PDF) (Report). Oklahoma Historical Preservation Society. 1996. p. 123. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  5. 1 2 James, Louise Boyd (2009). "Woodward". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (online ed.). Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
  6. 1 2 Architectural survey of Woodward, p. 124
  7. ↑ Olafson, Steve (15 April 2012). "Three girls among Oklahoma tornado dead; clean-up underway". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
  8. ↑ Olafson, Steve (16 April 2012). "Death toll from Oklahoma tornado rises to six". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
  9. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  10. ↑ Official State Map (Map) (2008 ed.). Oklahoma Department of Transportation.
  11. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Oklahoma State Parks". TravelOK.com - Oklahoma's Official Travel & Tourism Site. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
  14. ↑ "Rangeland and Pasture Research : About Us". Ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
  15. 1 2 Woodward School District, Education.com (accessed June 9, 2010).
  16. ↑ Woodward Christian Academy, Education.com (accessed June 9, 2010).
  17. ↑ "The Woodward News Home Page". The Woodward news. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
  18. ↑ Ricks, Rowyn (11 May 2009). "Bush to celebrate Fourth in Woodward". The Enid News and Eagle (Enid, OK). CHNI News Service. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
  19. ↑ "Covingtons Cycle City". Covingtons Cycle City. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
  20. ↑ Billy Hathorn, "Roy Bean, Temple Houston, Bill Longley, Ranald Mackenzie, Buffalo Bill, Jr., and the Texas Rangers: Depictions of West Texans in Series Television, 1955 to 1967", West Texas Historical Review, Vol. 89 (2013), pp. 106-109

Further reading

External links

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