Y-DNA haplogroups in European populations

Y-haplogroups in Europe

Frequencies in some ethnic groups in Europe

The table below shows the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, based on relevant studies, for various ethnic and other notable groups from Europe. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations shown in the first two columns; the third column gives the sample size studied; and the other columns give the percentage for each particular haplogroup (ethnic groups from the North Caucasus, although technically located in Europe, are considered in their own article where they are placed alongside populations of the South Caucasus for the purpose of conserving space).

Population Language[1] n R1b R1a I  E1b1b J G N T Others Reference
Albanians IE (Albanian) 223 18.39 4.04 13 35.43 23.77 2.69 0 0.9 1.79 Sarno2015[2]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 51 17.6 9.8 19.6 21.6 23.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 — Semino2000[3]
Albanians (Kosovar) IE (Albanian) 114 21.10 4.42 I1=5.31
I2a2=2.65		 47.37 J2=16.7 0 0 0 P[xQ,R1]=1.77 Pericic2005[4]
Albanians (Tirana) IE (Albanian) 30 13.3 13.3 16.7 23.3 20.0 3.3 — — — Bosch2006[5]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 55 18.2 9.1 I1=3.6
I2a=14.5
I2b=3.6		 25.5 J1=3.6
J2a=5.5
J2b=14.5		 1.8 0.0 0.0 — Battaglia2008[6]
Albanians (Macedonia) IE (Albanian) 64 18.8 1.6 I1=4.5
I2a=12.5		 39.1 J1=6.3
J2=15.6		 1.6 0.0 0.0 — Battaglia2008[6]
Arkhangelsk (Russia) IE (Slavic), Uralic 28 0 17.9 50.0 3.6 0 0 28.6 0 0 Mirabal2009[7]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 29 65.5 0.0 — — — 0.0 0.0 6.9 L=3.4 Semino2000[3]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 103 — — 3.9 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 76 — — — 9.2 1.1 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 413 29.1 1.7 3.6 5.1 J1=10.7
J2=25.5		 9.4 0.2 8.5 Q=0.2 Herrara2012
Aromuns (Dukasi, Albania) IE (Italic) 39 2.6 2.6 17.9 17.9 48.7 10.3 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Aromuns (Andon Poci, Albania) IE (Italic) 19 36.8 0.0 42.1 15.8 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Aromuns (Kruševo, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 43 27.9 11.6 20.9 20.9 11.6 7.0 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Aromuns (Štip, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 65 23.1 21.5 16.9 18.5 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Aromuns (Romania) IE (Italic) 42 23.8 2.4 19.0 7.1 33.3 0.0 — — — Bosch2006[5]
Ashkenazi Jews IE (Semitic) 79 — 12.7 — 22.8 43.0 — — — — Nebel2001[10]
Ashkenazi Jews IE (Semitic) 442 — — 4.1 19.7 38.0 9.7 0.2 — Behar2004[11]
Austrians IE (Germanic, West) 219 32 14 — — — — — — —
Bashkirs (Perm) Altaic (Turkic) 43 86.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 2.3 0.0 — Lobov[12]
Basque Basque (Basque) 67 88.1 0.0 7.5 2.2 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 — Semino2000[3]
Basque Basque (Basque) 109 92.7 — — 0.9 3.7 — — 0.9 — Adams2008[13]
Bavarians IE (Germanic, West) 80 50.0 15.0 — 8.0 5.0 — 0.0 0.0 — Rosser2000[14]
Belgians IE (Germanic/Italic) 92 63.0 4.0 — 2.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 41 0.0 39.0 — 10.0 — — 2.4 — — Rosser2000[14]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 147 — — 19.0 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 68 4.4 45.6 25.0 4.4 — 1.5 8.8 — — Kharkov2005[15]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 306 4.2 51.0 — 4.6 3.3 — 9.5 — — Behar2003[16]
Bearnais IE (Italic) 26 — — 7.7 — 3.8 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Bearnais IE (Italic) 43 — — — 3.7 — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Bosniaks IE (Slavic, South) 69 1.4 24.6 42.0 10.1 0.0 — — — — Pericic2005[4]
British IE (Germanic, West) 32 68.8 9.4 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 127 11.0 17.3 27.5 19.7 18.1 1.6 — 0.8 — Karachanak2009[18]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 808 10.7 17.5 I*=0.4
I1=4.3
I2a=20.2
I2b=1.7		 22.1 J1=3.4
J2=10.5		 4.8 0.5 1.6 C=0.5
H=0.6
L=0.2
Q=0.4
R2a=0.1		 Karachanak2013[19]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 100 14.0 16.0 34.0 21.0 9.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 others H 1.0 Begoña Martinez-Cruz2012[20]
Catalans IE (Italic) 24 79.2 0.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 8.0 — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Catalans IE (Italic) 33 — — — 6.1 3.6 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Cantabrians (Pasiegos) IE (Italic) 56 — — — 42.9 — — — — — Cruciani2004[21]
Chuvashes Altaic (Turkic) 79 3.8 31.6 11.3 0 24.2 0 27.8 0 — Tambets2004[22]
Croats (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 108 15.7 34.3 37.0 5.6 1.9 0.9 — — — Pericic2005[4]
Croats (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 189 — — 38.1 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Cypriots IE (Greek) 45 9.0 2.0 — 27.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Czechs IE (Slavic, West) 257 — 34.2 18.3 5.8 4.7 5.1 1.6 — — Luca2007[23]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 45 35.6 26.7 — 2.2 — — — — — Semino2000[3]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 198 — — 13.6 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 12 41.7 16.7 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 194 — — 38.7 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 35 — — — 2.9 — — — — — Cruciani2004[21]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) 27 70.4 3.7 — — — — — — — Semino2000[3]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) — — 26.7[8] 8.0[14] 0[9] — — — —
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) 410 50.2 3.3 32.9 2.9 5.1 4.1 0.2 — — Barjesteh2008<ref name = "Barjesteh2008" /[24]
English (Central) IE (Germanic, West) 215 61.9 5 25 — — — — — — Weale2002[25]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 207 9.0 — — 3.0 1.0 — 40.6 — — Rosser2000[14]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 118 — 37.3 — — — — — — — Laitinen2002[26]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 210 — — 18.6 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 57 2.0 10.5 — 2.0 — — 63.2 — — Rosser2000[14]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 38 0.0 7.9 28.9 — — — 63.2 — — [22]
French IE (Italic) 23 52.2 0 17.4 8.7 4.3 0 0 0 — Semino2000[3]
French IE (Italic) 40 — — — 8.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West) 94 56.0 7.0 29.0 2.0 6.0 — — — — Wilson2001[27]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West) 94 55.3 7.4 34.0 2.1 1.4 — — — — Weale2002[25]
Gagauz (Kongaz) Altaic (Turkic) 48 10.4 12.5 31.3 16.7 8.3 10.4 4.2 6.3 — Varzari2006[28]
Gagauz(Etulia) Altaic (Turkic) 41 14.6 26.8 24.4 9.8 7.3 17.1 0.0 0.0 — Varzari2006[28]
Germans IE (Germanic, West) 48 47.9 8.1 22 — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Germans IE (Germanic, West) 16 50 16 22 6.2 0 0 0 0 — Semino2000[3]
Germans IE (Germanic) 1215 38.9 17.9 23.6 6.2 4.0 — 1.6 — 7.7 Kayser2005[29]
Greeks IE (Greek) 77 11.7 15.6 19.5 20.8 16.9 9.1 0.0 2.6 — Firasat2007[30]
Greeks IE (Greek) 118 22.8 8.3 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Greeks IE (Greek) 84/92 — — — 23.8 6.5 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Greeks IE (Greek) 171 13.5 11.1 15.8 31.6 19.9 4.7 — 1.8 — King2008[31]
Greeks (Crete) IE (Greek) 193 17.0 8.8 13.0 8.8 38.9 10.9 — 2.1 — King2008[31]
Greeks (Peloponnese) IE (Greek) 36 — — — 47 — — — — — Semino2004[9]
Greeks (Thrace) IE (Greek) 41 12.2 22.0 19.5 19.5 19.5 4.9 — — — Bosch2006[5]
Greeks (North) IE (Greek) 96 14.6 18.8 12.5 35.4 — 5.2 — 2.1 L=1 Zalloua2008[32]
Greeks (South) IE (Greek) 46 19.6 2.2 23.9 43.5 — 6.5 — 2.2 — Zalloua2008[32]
Greeks (Macedonia) IE (Greek) 57 14.0 12.3 I1=8.8
I2a=21.0		 22.9 J1=1.8
J2=14.1		 1.8 — 1.8 — Battaglia 2008[6]
Gypsy (Macedonia) IE (Indic) 57 1.8 1.8 5.3 29.8 1.8 0 — — H=59.6 Pericic2005[4]
Herzegovinians IE (Slavic, South) 141 3.6 12.1 63.8 8.5 0.7 — — — — Pericic2005[4]
Hungarians Uralic (Ugric) 215 18.1 25.6 I1=7.91
I2a=16.74
I2b=2.79
I*=0.93		 6.1 J2=6.51
J*[xJ2]=3.72		 4.2 0.47 0.0 H=5.12
R2=0.47
R1*=1.40		 Völgyi2008[33]
Hungarians Uralic (Ugric) 45 13.3 60.0 11.1 8.9 2.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 L=2.2 Semino2000[3]
Hungarians Uralic (Ugric) — 56.6[6] — 9.4[9] 2.0[9] 8.0[34] 1.0 — —
Icelanders IE (Germanic, North) 181 41.4 23.8 34.2 — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Irish IE (Celtic) 222 81.5 0.5 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Irish IE (Celtic) 257 — — — 2.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Italians IE (Italic) 50 62.0 — 8.0 — — 10.0 — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Italians IE (Italic) — 2.7[17] — 13.0[14] — — — — —
Italians (Calabria) IE (Italic) 32.4[3] — 5.4[8] 16.3[4] 24.6[9] — — — —
Italians (Apulia) IE (Italic) — — 2.6[8] 13.9[9] 31.4[9] — — — —
Italians (Sardinia) IE (Italic) 22.1[3] — 42.3[8] 5.0[9] 12.5[9] — — — —
Italians (Northern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 86 20.0 0.0 28.0 13.0 — 21.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Italians (Southern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 187 19.0 1.0 35.0 11.0 — 14.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Italians (North-central) IE (Italic) 62.0[3] — 0.5[8] 10.4[4] 26.9[9] — — — —
Italians (South) IE (Italic) 68 25.0 3.0 6.0 26.0 — 15.0 — 3.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Italians (Sicily) IE (Italic) — — 8.8 27.3 23.8 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Italians (East Sicily) IE (Italic) 87 20.0 2.3 5.0 29.0 — 5.0 — 5.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Italians (West Sicily) IE (Italic) 125 27.0 2.4 11.0 19.0 — 13.0 — 3.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Komi Uralic (Finnic) 94 16.0 33.0 5.3 — — — 35.1 — — [22]
Komi (Izhemsky) Uralic (Finnic) 54 0.0 29.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.5 0.0 — Mirabal2009[7]
Komi (Priluzsky) Uralic (Finnic) 49 2.0 32.7 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.2 0.0 — Mirabal2009[7]
Latvians IE (Baltic) 114 39.5 — 0.9 — — 42.1 — — Laitinen2002[26]
Latvians IE (Baltic) 34 15.0[14] 41[14] 7.0[14] — — — 32[14] — — Rosser 2000[14]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic) 38 5.0 — — — — — — — — [14]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic) 114 — 36.0 — 0.9 — — 43.0 — — Laitinen2002[26]
ethnic Macedonians IE (Slavic, South) 211 11.4 14.2 31.3 18.0 16.0 3.8 0.5 1.9 L=0.5 Noveski2010[35]
ethnic Macedonians IE (Slavic, South) 79 5.1 15.2 34.2 24.1 12.7 5.1 — — — Pericic2005[4]
Macedonians (Skopje) IE (Slavic, South) 52 13.5 13.5 28.8 23.1 11.5 3.8 — — — Bosch2006[5]
Maltese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 187 22.0 5.0 9.0 6.0 — 9.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 111 2.7 47.7 8.1 — — — 41.4 — — [22]
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 48 10.4 29.2 — 0.0 6.3 — 50.0 — — Rosser2000[14]
Moldavians (Carahasani) IE (Italic) 72 16.7 34.7 25.0 12.5 9.7 0.0 1.4 0.0 — Varzari2006[28]
Moldavians (Sofia) IE (Italic) 54 16.7 20.4 35.2 13.0 5.6 1.9 3.7 1.9 — Varzari2006[28]
Mordvins (Erzya) Uralic (Finnic) 46 — 39.1 — — — — — — — Malaspina2003[36]
Mordvins (Moksha) Uralic (Finnic) 46 — 21.7 — — — — — — — Malaspina2003[36]
Mordvins Uralic (Finnic) 83 13.3 26.5 19.3 — — — 19.3 — — [22]
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 25.9[17] 17.9[17] 40.3[8] — — — — — —
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 52 — 30.8 — 1.9 1.9 — 3.8 0.0 — Rosser2000[14]
Orcadians IE (Germanic, West) 71 66.0 19.7 — — — — — — — Wilson2001[27]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 16.4[3] 56.4[3] 17.8[8] 4.0[9] 1.0[9] — — — —
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 93 13.4 55.9 16.1 — — — 3.2 — — [22]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 913 11.6 57.0 17.3 4.5 2.5 — 3.7 — 3.3 Kayser2005[29]
Portuguese IE (Italic) 303 — — 5.3 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Portuguese (South) IE (Italic) 57 56.0 2.0 — 17.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Portuguese (North) IE (Italic) 328 62.0 0 — 11.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Romanians IE (Italic) 54 13.0 20.4 48.1 7.4 5.6 5.6 0.0 0.0 — Varzari2006[28]
Romanians IE (Italic) 361 — — 22.2 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Romanians (Constanţa) IE (Italic) 31 16.1 9.7 41.9 9.7 6.5 12.9 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Romanians (Ploieşti) IE (Italic) 36 8.3 5.6 38.9 16.7 19.4 8.3 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Romanians IE (Italic) 179 10.1 20.1 I1=5.6
I2a1= 17.3
Other I2= 5.0		 19.6 J1=2.2
J2a=7.3
J2b = 8.9		 2.2 0.6 0.6 Q=0.6 Martinez-Cruz 2012[20]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 122 6.6 46.7 — 6.6 4.1 — 18.0 — — Rosser2000[14]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 61 21.3 42.6 13.1 — — — 16.4 — — [22]
Russians (Kursk) IE (Slavic, East) 40 7.5 52.5 15.0 10.0 2.5 0 12.5 0 0 Mirabal2009[7]
Russians (Northern) IE (Slavic, East) 380 6.1 33.4 14.5 0.3 1.8 1.3 41.3 0.0 — Balanovsky2008[37]
Russians (Central) IE (Slavic, East) 364 7.7 47.0 16.5 5.2 3.3 0.0 17.0 0.8 — Balanovsky2008[37]
Russians (Adygea) IE (Slavic, East) 78 — — 24.4 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Bashkortostan) IE (Slavic, East) 50 — — 6.0 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Belgorod region) IE (Slavic, East) 143 2.8 59.4 16.7 — — — — — — Balanovsky[37]
Russians (Cossacks) IE (Slavic, East) 97 — — 22.7 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Kostroma region) IE (Slavic, East) 53 — — 18.9 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (North, Pinega) IE (Slavic, East) 127 — — 4.7 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Smolensk region) IE (Slavic, East) 120 — — 10.8 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Sami (Sweden) Uralic (Finnic) 38 7.9 15.8 31.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.7 0.0 — Karlsson2006[38]
Sami Uralic (Finnic) 127 3.9 11.0 — — — — 47.2 — — [22]
Sami Uralic (Finnic) — — 31.4 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Scots IE (Celtic) 750 72.5 8.5 14 — — — — — — [39]
Sephardic Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 78 29.5 3.9 11.5 19.2 28.2 — — — — Nebel2001[10]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 179 4.5 14.5 48 17.3 5.6 2.2 3.3 — L=0.6 Mirabal,V.2010[40]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 113 10.6 15.9 36.3 21.2 8 — — — — Pericic2005[4]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 103 7.8 20.4 37.9 18.4 7.8 5.8 1.9 — — Regueiro2012[41]
Serbs (Bosnia) IE (Slavic, South) 81 6.2 13.6 40.7 22.2 9.9 1.2 6.2 0.0 — Battaglia2008[6]
Slovenians IE (Slavic, South) 75 21.3 38.7 30.7 2.7 4.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 — Battaglia2008[6]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 70 — 37.1 — 7.1 5.7 — 0.0 0.0 — Rosser2000[14]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 55 — — 38.2 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Spanish IE (Italic) 126 68.0 2.0 — 10.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Ibiza islanders IE (Italic) 54 57.4 0.0 1.9 7.4 — 13.0 — 16.7 — Zalloua2008[32]
Majorca islanders IE (Italic) 62 66.1 0.0 8.1 6.2 — 6.2 — 1.6 — Zalloua2008[32]
Minorca islanders IE (Italic) 37 73.0 2.7 2.7 18.9 — 0.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Spanish (South) IE (Italic) 162 65.0 2.0 6.0 9.0 — 4.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Valencians IE (Italic) 73 64.0 3.0 10.0 11.0 — 1.0 — 1.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Swedes (Northern) IE (Germanic, North) 48 22.9 18.8 — 2.1 2.1 — 8.3 — — Rosser2000[14]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 110 20.0 17.3 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 225 — — 40 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 160 13.1 24.4 37.5 1.3 0.0 — 14.4 — — Lappalainen2008[42]
Swiss IE (German/Italic) 144 — — 7.6 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Tatars Altaic (Turkic) 126 8.7 24.1 4.0 — — — 33.0 — — [22]
Turks (Istanbul) Altaic (Turkic) 59 11.9 20.3 6.8 13.6 30.5 8.5 3.8 1.7 — Semino2004[43]
Cinnioglu 2004[44]
Udmurt Uralic (Finnic) 87 2.3 10.3 1.1 — — — 85.1 — — [22]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 759 7.9 43.2 27.2 7.4 3.8 3 5.4 1.3 0.8 Kushniarevich2015[45]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) — — 21.9[8] 8.6[9] 7.3[9] — — — —
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 53 18.9 41.5 24.5 — 9.4 0.0 5.7 0.0 — Varzari2006[28]
Welsh (Anglesey) IE (Celtic) 88 89.0 1.0 — 3.0 — — — — — Wilson2001[27]
Welsh (Anglesey) IE (Celtic) 196 — — 8.1 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]

Frequencies in geographical Europe

Listed here are the average frequencies of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in indigenous people of geographical Europe (including only European part of Russia and Turkey).[46]

HaplogroupTotal EuropeWestern EuropeNorthern EuropeSouthern EuropeEastern Europe
R1b33.5%50.5%53.0%41.5%9.0%
R1a21.0%9.5%9.5%6.0%43.5%
I29.5%6.5%6.0%9.5%13.5%
I18.5%13.0%18.0%3.5%5.5%
E1b1b7.0%6.0%2.0%12.5%5.5%
J26.5%5.0%2.5%13.0%5.0%
N5.5%0.5%6.5%0.5%12.5%
G3.5%5.5%1.0%6.0%2.0%
T1.0%1.0%0.5%2.5%1.0%
J11.0%0.5%0.0%2.5%0.5%
Q1.0%0.5%2.0%0.5%1.5%
Others1.5%1.5%0.5%2.0%1.0%

Chronological development of haplogroups

Haplogroup Possible time of origin Possible place of origin Possible TMRCA[47][48]
E 50-55,000 years ago[49][50]East Africa[51] or Asia[52] 27-59,000 years ago
F 38-56,000 years ago
IJ 30-46,000 years ago
K 40-54,000 years ago
E-M215 (E1b1b) 31-46,000 years ago[53] 39-55,000 years ago
P 27-41,000 years ago
J 19-44,500 years ago[54]
R 20-34,000 years ago
I 15-30,000 years ago
R-M173 13-26,000 years ago
I-M438 28-33,000 years ago[55] 16,000-20,000 years ago
E-M35 20,000-30,000 years ago[53] 15–21,000 years ago
J-M267 15-34,000[54] years ago
R-M420 (R1a) 22,000 years ago[56] 8-10,000 years ago
R-M343 (R1b) 22,000 years ago[57] West Asia[58]
N at least 21,000 years ago (STR age)[59]
I-M253 11-21,000[60] or 28-33,000 years ago[55] 3-5,000 years ago
J-M172 15,000-22,000[54] years ago 19-24,000 years ago[61]
E-M78 15-20,000[53] or 17,500-20,000 years ago[62] Northeast Africa[62] at least 17,000 years ago[62]
E-V12 12,500-18,000 years ago[62]
R-M17 13 ,000[56] or 18,000 years ago[63] India
I-L460 present 13,000 years ago[64]
I-M223 11-18,000 years ago[60]
E-V13 7-17,000 years ago[62] West Asia[62] 4,000-4,700 years ago (Europe)
6,800-17,000 years ago (Asia)[62]
R-Z280 11-14,000 years ago[65]
N-M46 at least 12,000 years ago (STR age)[66]
R-M458 11,000 years ago[67]
I-P37 6-16,000,[60] present 10,000 years ago[68]
I-M423 present 10,000 years ago[68]
I-M26 2-17,000,[60] present 8,000 years ago[68]
R-M269 5,500-8,000 years ago[69]
R-L11, R-S116 3-5,000 years ago

See also

References

  1. ↑ IE = Indo-European
  2. ↑ Sarno S, Tofanelli S (2015). "Shared language, diverging genetic histories: high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variability in Calabrian and Sicilian Arbereshe". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.138. PMID 26130483.
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  37. 1 2 3 Balanovsky O, Rootsi S, Pshenichnov A, Kivisild T, Churnosov M, Evseeva I, Pocheshkhova E, Boldyreva M, Yankovsky N, Balanovska E, Villems R (2008). "Two sources of the Russian patrilineal heritage in their Eurasian context". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82 (1): 236–50. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.019. PMC 2253976. PMID 18179905.
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  43. ↑ Sanchez, Juan J; Hallenberg, Charlotte; Børsting, Claus; Hernandez, Alexis; Morling, Niels (2005). "High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males". European Journal of Human Genetics 13 (7): 856–66.
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  47. ↑ TMRCA
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  56. 1 2 Sharma et al
  57. ↑ ftDNA
  58. ↑ Myres2010
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  63. ↑ [ https://books.google.com/books?id=3QYRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT7&lpg=PT7&dq=r1a1+age&source=bl&ots=rnNgdeyfqa&sig=u4UdzEFjIJvd78mpb0BS609wnq4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjuyZj64sDMAhXFEywKHSdWAxUQ6AEIWDAJ#v=onepage&q=r1a1%20age&f=false]
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  66. ↑ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066102
  67. ↑ Underhill et al
  68. 1 2 3 http://www.ancestraljourneys.org/mesolithicdna.shtml
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