Haplogroup P (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup P (K2b2)
Possible place of origin Southeast Asia Indonesia South Asia Central Asia
Ancestor K2b [1]
Descendants P1 (P-M45). (P1 is the immediate ancestor of haplogroups Q and R.)
Defining mutations P295/PF5866/S8, 92R7_1, 92R7_2, F91/PF5862/V231

Haplogroup P also known as P295/PF5866/S8 and K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics.

P is a branch of K2b (previously Haplogroup MPS; P331) which is a branch of Haplogroup K2 (K-M526).

At present, the only immediate descendant of basal P-P295 is P1 (M45/PF5962), formerly known as P (xQ,xR). P1 is, in turn, the newly defined parent node of Q (M242) and R (M207).

Haplogroup P and its subgroups(P*, P1*, Q and R) include more than one-third of the males among many modern populations in Asia, most Native Americans and most males in Europe.

Structure

The subclades of Haplogroup P with their defining mutation, according to the 2016 ISOGG tree:

Distribution

Haplogroup P and its subclades, including the major haplogroups Q and R, are well-represented among males of Western European, Central Asian, and Native American ancestry.

Distribution

P (P-P295)

Basal P (also known as P-P295; K2b2; PxM45), is found among 28% of males among the Aeta, as well as in Timor at 10.8%, and one case may have been found in Papua New Guinea (Kaysar et al. 2006) – although this has not been verified.[2]

Population P* %
Papua New Guinea 0.69 (assumed from Kayser et al. 2006 1 P* found)
New Zealand 0
Fiji 0
Solomon Islands0
French Polynesia 0
Vanuatu0
New Caledonia ?
Guam 0
Samoa0
Kiribati ?
Tonga 0
Micronesia FDR0
Marshall Islands0
American Samoa ?
Northern Mariana Islands ?
Palau ?
Cook Islands 0
Wallis and Futuna0
Tuvalu 0
Nauru ?
Norfolk Island ?
Niue 0 (small sample size)
Tokelau 0 (small sample size)
Hawaii 0 (small sample size from FTDNA)
Australia 0
Timor10.8
Aeta 28
Filipino Austronesian0
Malay 0
Flores 0
Sulawesi 0.6
East Indonesia 0
Java Indonesia 0
Bali Indonesia 0
Sumatra Indonesia 0
Borneo Indonesia 0
West Papua Province 0
Papua Province 0
Sumba Indonesia 03.2
P1 (P-M45)

Many ethnic groups with high frequencies of P1, also known as P-M45 and K2b2a, are located in Central Asia and Siberia: 35.4% among Tuvans, 28.3% among Altaian Kizhi,[3] and 35% among Nivkh males.

Modern South Asian populations also feature P1 at low to moderate frequencies.[4] In South Asia it is most frequent among the Muslims of Manipur (33%), but this may be due to a very small sample size (nine individuals). It is possible that many cases of P-M45* in South Asia and Central Asia are unresolved members of subclades such as Haplogroups R2 and Q.

Population group (with ethnolinguistic affiliation)PaperNPercentageSNPs Tested
Tuvinian (Turkic) Darenko 200511335.40P-M45
Nivkh (isolate) Lell 20011735P-M45
Altai-Kizhi (Altaians) (Turkic) Darenko 20059228.3P-M45
Todjin (Turkic) Darenko 20053622.2P-M45
Chukchi (Chukotkan) Lell 20012420.8P-M45
Koryak (Chukotkan) Lell 20012718.5P-M45
Yupik (Eskimo-Aleut) Lell 20013318.2P-M45
Uighur (Turkic) Xue 20067017.1P-M45
Kalmyk (Mongolic) Darenko 20056811.8P-M45
Turkmen (Turkic) Wells 20013010P-M45
Soyot (Turkic) Darenko 2005348.8P-M45
Uriankhai (Mongolic) Katoh 2004608.3P-M45
Khakas (Turkic) Darenko 2005537.6P-M45
Kazakh (Turkic) Wells 2001545.6P-M45
Uzbek (Turkic) Wells 20013665.5P-M45
Khasi-Khmuic (Austro-Asiatic)Reddy 20093535.40P-M45(xM173) §
Mundari (Austro-Asiatic)Reddy 20096410.90P-M45(xM173) §
Nicobarese (Mon-Khmer)Reddy 2009110.00P-M45(xM173) §
Southeast Asia (Austro-Asiatic) Reddy 20092571.60P-M45(xM173) §
Garo (Tibeto-Burman)Reddy 2009711.40P-M45(xM173) §
India (Tibeto-Burman)Reddy 20092263.10P-M45(xM173) §
East Asia (Tibeto-Burman)Reddy 20092140.00P-M45(xM173) §
Eastern India (Indo-European)Reddy 20095418.50P-M45(xM173) §
Iran (Southern Talysh) Nasidze 2009504.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
Azerbaijan (Northern Talysh) Nasidze 2009405.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
Mazandarani (Iranian) Nasidze 2009504.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
Gilaki (Iranian) Nasidze 2009500.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
Tehran (Iranian) Nasidze 2004804.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
Isfahan (Iranian) Nasidze 2004506.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
Bakhtiari (Iranian) Nasidze 2008532.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
Iranian Arabs (Arabic)Nasidze 2008472.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
North Iran (Iranian)Regueiro 2006339.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
South Iran (Iranian) Regueiro 20061173.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
South Caucacus (Georgian)Nasidze and Stoneking 2001773.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
South Caucacus (Armenian)Nasidze and Stoneking 20011002.00P-M45(xM124,xM173)
Hvar (Croatian) Barać et al. 2003 14
Korčula (Croatian) Barać et al. 2003 6

§ These may include members of haplogroup R2.

Population group N P (xQ,xR) Q R Paper
Count % Count % Count %
Gope 16 1 6.4 Sahoo 2006
Oriya Brahmin 24 1 4.2 Sahoo 2006
Mahishya 17 3 17.6 Sahoo 2006
Bhumij 15 2 13.3 Sahoo 2006
Saora 13 3 23.1 Sahoo 2006
Nepali 7 2 28.6 Sahoo 2006
Muslims of Manipur 9 3 33.3 Sahoo 2006
Himachal Pradesh Rajput 15 1 6.7 Sahoo 2006
Lambadi 18 4 22.2 Sahoo 2006
Gujarati Patel 9 2 22.2 Sahoo 2006
Katkari 19 1 5.3 Sahoo 2006
Madia Gond 14 1 7.1 Sahoo 2006
Kamma Chowdary 15 0 0 1 6.7 12 80 Sahoo 2006
Q

Near universal in the Kets (95%) of Siberia. Very common in pre-modern Native American populations, except for the Na-Dene peoples, where it reaches 50-90%. Also common, at 25-50% in Siberian populations such as the Nivks, Selkups, Tuvans, Chukchi, Siberian Eskimos, nNorthern Altaians, and in 30% of Turkmens.

R

The only discovered case of basal R* (i.e. one that does not belong to R1 or R2) is the Mal'ta Boy.

R1

R1a

Continental Country Population Sample R1a1 = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 not tested (%) R1a1* = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 negative (%) R1a1a = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 positive (%) Source
CaucasusOssetiansNorth134NA0.000.75Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeEstonia100NA0.0035.00Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeRomania335NA0.0017.01Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiaKrk (island)74NA0.0036.49Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiaBrac (island)49NA0.0024.49Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiaHvar (island)91NA0.006.59Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiaKorcula (island)134NA0.0015.67Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiamainland108NA0.0026.85Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeBosnia-HerzegovinaHerzegovina141NA0.0012.06Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeKosovoAlbanians114NA0.003.51Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeSerbia113NA0.0018.58Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeRepublic of MacedoniaMacedonia79NA0.0013.92Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCzech Republic53NA0.0037.74Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeBelarusBrest97NA0.0058.8Underhill et al. (2014)
EuropeBelarus267NA0.0054.7Underhill et al. (2014)
EuropeBelarus50NA0.0042.00Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaRussians39NA0.0038.46Underhill et al. (2009)
Central AsiaTajiks, Turkmens38NA0.007.89Underhill et al. (2009)
North AsiaRussiaTuvas104NA0.007.69Underhill et al. (2009)
North AsiaRussiaAltaians58NA0.0041.38Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaJammu Jharkhand61NA0.0037.70Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaAndhra-Pradesh Jharkhand19NA0.0026.32Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMadhya-Pradesh Madhya-Pradesh54NA0.0035.19Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaKhatri-Punjab/Haryana15NA0.0067.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaAhir-Punjab/Haryana24NA0.0063.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaUttar-Pradesh Jharkhand171NA0.0049.71Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaUttranchal Jharkhand21NA0.0047.62Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaWest-Bengal Chattishgarh49NA0.0048.98Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaAsur Maharashtra88NA0.005.68Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaHo Madhya-Pradesh45NA0.000.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMawasi Orissa27NA0.003.70Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMawasi Chattishgarh12NA0.008.33Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMahali Orissa32NA0.009.38Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaSanthal Meghalaya20NA0.0010.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaBirhor Meghalaya27NA0.003.70Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaBirhor 35NA0.002.86Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaBaiga 23NA0.008.70Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaBaiga 42NA0.002.38Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaKharia 37NA0.005.41Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaSavara 21NA0.009.52Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMeghwal Rajasthan50NA0.0030.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaGaro 25NA0.004.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaLohana Gujarat20NA0.0060.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaKhasi 21NA0.004.76Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIran87NA0.0010.34Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaPakistanSindhi 134NA0.0049.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaPakistan<<link:1>> 70NA0.0071.00Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeTurkey89NA0.003.37Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusArmenia25NA0.004.00Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusMegrels67NA0.008.96Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAbkhazes162NA0.009.26Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAvars42NA0.002.38Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusChamalals27NA0.007.41Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusBagvalals28NA0.003.57Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAndis49NA0.002.04Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusLezgis31NA0.000.00Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusDarginians68NA0.000.00Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusTabasarans43NA0.002.33Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAdyghes160NA0.0011.25Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusKarachays69NA0.0027.54Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusKumyks76NA0.0013.16Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusBalkars136NA0.0025.74Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusCherkessians126NA0.0012.70Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusKabardians141NA0.7113.48Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAbazas89NA0.0019.10Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusNogays87NA0.0012.64Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusKaranogays77NA0.009.09Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusTats10NA0.000.00Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCrete193NA0.008.81Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle EastOman121NA0.009.09Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle EastIran150NA0.6712.67Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle EastUnited Arab Emirates164NA0.007.32Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeTurkey523NA0.006.88Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeLithuaniaAukštaičiai106 45.3 NANAKasperaviciūte et al. (2005)
EuropeLithuaniaŽemaičiai9044.4 NANAKasperaviciūte et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayNorth 377 27.1 NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayMiddle 317 31.5 NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayWest30124.3 NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayEast 493 26.8 NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayBergen 93 28 NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayOslo 109 19.3 NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwaySouth 76 13.2 NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeSpain/Portugallarge survey1140NA0.001.2Adams et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceGreeks92NA0.0016.3Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceMacedonian Greeks57NA1.8010.5Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeAlbania55NA0.009.1Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeBosniaSerbs81NA0.0013.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeBosniaBosniacs84NA0.0015.5Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeBosniaCroats90NA0.0012.2Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeCroatia89NA0.0027.0Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeHungary53NA0.0056.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeCzech Republic75NA0.0041.3Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropePoland99NA0.0056.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeUkraine92NA0.0050.0Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeGeorgia66NA0.0010.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeRussiaBalkarians38NA0.0013.2Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeRepublic of MacedoniaAlbanian language64NA0.001.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeCroatiaOsijek29NA0.0037.9Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeSloveniaSlovenians75NA0.0038.70Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeItalyNorth East67NA0.0010.4Battaglia et al. (2008)
--Ashkenazi Cohen76NA0.001.3Behar et al. (2003)
--Sephardi Cohen69NA0.005.8Behar et al. (2003)
Europe-Ashkenazi Levite60NA0.0051.7Behar et al. (2003)
--Sephardi Levite31NA0.003.2Behar et al. (2003)
Middle EastIsraelAshkenazi100NA0.004.0Behar et al. (2003)
Middle EastIsraelSephardi63NA0.001.6Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeGermany88NA0.0012.5Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeNorway83NA0.0021.7Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeGermanySorbs112NA0.0063.4Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeBelarus306NA0.3351.0Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeSpainSpanish Basques42NANA0.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeBritish CrownChannel Islands 128NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandChippenham 52NANA6.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandCornwall 52NANA6.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandDorchester 73NANA4.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandFaversham 55NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandMidhurst 80NANA1.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandMorpeth 95NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandNorfolk 121NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandPenrith 90NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandSouthwell 70NANA4.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandUttoxeter 84NANA0.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandYork 46NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeDenmark/GermanyDenmark/Schleswig-Holstein190NANA8.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeIrelandCastlerea 43NANA0.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeBritish CrownIsle of Man 62NANA8.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeNorway 201NANA12.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandOrkney 121NANA7.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeIrelandRush, Dublin 76NANA1.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandDurness 51NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandOban 42NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandPitlochry 41NANA0.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandStonehaven 44NANA5.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandWestern Isles 88NANA3.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandShetland 63NANA6.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeWalesHaverfordwest 59NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeWalesLlangefni 80NANA1.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeWalesLlanidloes 57NANA4.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeTurkey523NANA6.9Cinnioğlu et al. (2004)
EuropeItalySicily236NANA5.5Di Gaetano et al. (2008)
EuropeGreece77NANA15.6Firasat et al. (2007)
South AsiaPakistanBurusho 97NANA25.8Firasat et al. (2007)
South AsiaPakistanKalash 44NANA18.2Firasat et al. (2007)
South AsiaPakistanPathan (Pashtun) 96NANA44.8Firasat et al. (2007)
South AsiaPakistan638NANA37.1Firasat et al. (2007)
South AsiaNepalTharu Chitwan C. Terai 1 57NA0.0010.5Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaNepalTharu Chitwan C. Terai 2 77NA0.003.9Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaNepalTharu Chitwan E. Terai 37NA0.0016.2Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaNepal/IndiaHindus (proxy for Indian ancestry) Chitwan, Nepal 26NA0.0069.2Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaHindus New Delhi 49NA0.0034.7Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaAndhara Pradesh tribal 29NA0.0027.6Fornarino et al. (2009)
EuropePoland913NANA57.0Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermany1215NANA17.9Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyBerlin103NANA22.3Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyLeipzig144NANA27.1Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyMagdeburg100NANA21Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyRostock96NANA31.3Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyGreifswald104NANA19.2Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyHamburg161NANA16.8Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyMünster102NANA7.8Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyFreiburg102NANA10.8Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyCologne96NANA15.6Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyMainz95NANA8.4Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyMunich95NANA14.3Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGreeceNea Nikomedeia57NA0.0021.1King et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceSesklo/Dimini57NA0.0010.5King et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceLerna/Franchthi57NA0.001.8King et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceCrete193NA0.508.3King et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceCrete, Heraklion Prefecture104NA0.008.7Martinez et al. (2007)
EuropeGreeceCrete, Lasithi Plateau41NA0.0029.3Martinez et al. (2007)
EuropeGreeceCrete, Lasithi Prefecture23NA0.0017.4Martinez et al. (2007)
EuropeUkraine94NANA43.6Kharkov et al. (2004)
EuropeBelarus68NANA45.6Kharkov et al. (2005)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Northern Altaians (Gorno-Altaisk) 20NANA50.0Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Northern Altaians (Kurmach-Baigol) 11NANA18.2Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Northern Altaians (Turochak) 19NANA36.8Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Southern Altaians (Beshpel'tir) 43NANA58.1Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Southern Altaians (Kulada) 46NANA52.2Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Southern Altaians (Kosh-Agach) 7NANA28.6Kharkov et al. (2007)
EuropeEnglandWest Lancashire (2 gens)49NANA2.0Bowden et al. (2008)
EuropeEnglandWirral (2 gens)100NANA4.0Bowden et al. (2008)
EuropeEnglandWest Lancashire (medieval?)42NANA16.7Bowden et al. (2008)
EuropeEnglandWirral (medieval?)37NANA13.5Bowden et al. (2008)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India, Chenchu41NANA26.8Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India, Koya41NANA2.4Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaWest Bengal31NANA38.7Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaKonkanastha Brahmins, Bombay43NANA41.9Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaGujarat29NANA24.1Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaLambadi35NANA8.6Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaPunjab66NANA47.0Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaSri LankaSinhalese39NANA12.8Kivisild et al. (2003)
North AsiaRussiaTuvan 40NANA7.5Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaTofalar 19NANA5.3Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaBuryat 13NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaYenisey Evenk 31NANA9.7Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaOkhotsk Evenk 16NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaUlchi/Nanai 53NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaUpriver Negidal 10NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaDownriver Negidal 7NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaUgedey 20NANA5.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaNivkh 17NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaKamchatka, Koryak 27NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaKamchatka, Itel\'man 18NANA22.2Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaChukotka, Chukchi 24NANA4.2Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaChukotka, Asiatic Eskimo 33NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
CaucasusRussiaAbazinians 14NANA14.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaChechenians 19NANA5.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaDarginians 26NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaIngushians 22NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaKabardinians 59NANA2.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaLezgi (Dagestan) 25NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaOssetians (Ardon) 28NANA4.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaOssetians (Digora) 31NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaRutulians 24NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusGeorgiaAbkhazians 12NANA33.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusArmeniaArmenians100NANA6.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusAzerbaijanAzerbaijanians 72NANA7.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusGeorgiaGeorgians77NANA10.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
EuropeTurkey39NANA13.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
Middle EastIranIsfahan50NANA18.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
Middle EastIranTehran80NANA20.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
South AsiaPakistanBalti 13NANA15.0Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanBrahui 110NANA8.2Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanBurusho 94NANA27.7Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanPakistan Hazara 23NANA60.9Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanKalash 44NANA9.1Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanPakistan Kashmiri 12NANA25.0Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanMakrani Baluch 25NANA24.0Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanMakrani Negroid 33NANA18.2Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanPakistan Parsi 90NANA26.7Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanPathan (Pashtun) 93NANA10.8Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanPakistan Sindhi 122NANA12.3Qamar et al. (2002)
EuropeAlbaniaAlbanian51NANA9.8Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeFranceFrench Basque22NANA0.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeSpainSpanish Basque45NANA0.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeItalyCalabrian37NANA0.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeSpainCatalan24NANA0.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeItalyCentral/Northern50NANA4.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeCroatiaCroatian58NANA29.3Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeCzech Republic/SlovakiaCzech/Slovak45NANA26.7Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeNetherlandsDutch27NANA3.7Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeGeorgiaGeorgian63NANA7.9Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeGermanyGerman16NANA6.2Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeGreeceGreek76NANA11.8Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeHungaryHungarian45NANA60.0Semino et al. (2000)
Middle EastLebanonLebanese31NANA9.7Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeRepublic of MacedoniaMacedonian20NANA35.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropePolandPolish55NANA56.4Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeSaami24NANA8.3Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeItalySardinian77NANA0.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeSyriaSyrian20NANA10.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeTurkeyTurkish30NANA6.6Semino et al. (2000)
AsiaRussiaUdmurt43NANA37.2Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeUkraineUkrainian50NANA54.0Semino et al. (2000)
South AsiaPakistan85NANA16.5Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaRajput(Rajasthan)29NANA31.3Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaPakistanSouthern91NANA31.9Sengupta et al. (2005)
Southeast Asia Cambodia 6NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
East Asia China128NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
East Asia Japan 23NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
North AsiaSiberia 18NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaTribe (Austro-Asiatic)64NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaTribe (Dravidian)18NANA2.8Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaTribe (Tibeto-Burman) 87NANA4.6Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaTribe (Indo-European) 21NANA19.1Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaDravidian Upper Caste59NANA28.8Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaDravidian Middle Caste85NANA11.8Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaDravidian Lower Caste29NANA24.1Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaIndo-European Upper Caste86NANA45.4Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaIndo-European Middle Caste48NANA50.4Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaIndo-European Lower Caste 50NANA26.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaKashmiri (Gujars) 49NA0.0040.86Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaKashmiri (Pandits) 51NA3.9219.61Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaGujarat (Brahmins) 64NA0.0032.81Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaBihar (Paswan) 27NA0.0040.74Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaBihar (Brahmins) 38NA0.0060.53Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaHimachal Pradesh (Brahmin) 30NA0.0047.37Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaIndian Punjab (Brahmins) 49NA0.0035.71Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaWest Bengal (Brahmins) 30NA0.0072.22Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaUttar Pradesh (Brahmins) 31NA0.0067.74Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaUttar Pradesh (Kols) 38NA0.0014.81Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMadhya Pradesh (Saharia) 57NA22.828.07Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMadhya Pradesh (Brahmins) 42NA0.0038.1Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMaharashtra (Brahmins) 32NA0.0043.33Sharma et al. (2009)
EuropeMoldovaMoldavians, Karahasan 72NANA34.7Varzari (2006)
EuropeMoldavaMoldavians Sofia, Moldava54NANA20.4Varzari (2006)
EuropeRomaniaDniester-Carpathian - NANA20.4Varzari (2006)
EuropeUkraineUkrainians, Rashkovo 53NANA41.5Varzari (2006)
EuropeMoldavaGagauzes, Kongaz48NANA12.5Varzari (2006)
EuropeUkraineGagauzes, Etulia 41NANA26.8Varzari (2006)
East AsiaChinaDongxiang (Mongolian descent)49NA0?28.0Wang et al. (2003)
East AsiaChinaSalar (Central Asian Turkish descent?)52NA0?17.0Wang et al. (2003)
East AsiaChinaBo\'an (Bonan) Mongolian descent47NA0?26.0Wang et al. (2003)
CaucasusArmeniaArarat44NA0.000.0Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusArmenia/Georgia\"Northern Armenians\"189NA0.534.2Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusArmeniaSyunik (South Armenia)140NA0.009.3Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusAzerbaijan/ArmeniaKarabakh215NA0.005.6Weale et al. (2001)
Middle EastIranIsfahan, New Julfa, (Armenian descent)56NA0.001.8Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeTurkeynear Armenia90NA1.113.3Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeTurkeyIstanbul University173NA0.0010.4Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusAzerbaijanBaku29NA0.0010.3Weale et al. (2001)
Middle EastSyriaDamascus University44NA0.002.3Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusGeorgiaTbilisi68NA0.004.4Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeGreeceAthens132NA0.006.1Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeMongoliasoldiers mainly from Khalkh402NA0.002.5Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeHungary215NA1.4024.2Völgyi et al. (2008)
EuropeWalesNorth Wales 98NANA1.0Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeEnglandEnglish Midlands 136NANA4.4Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeEnglandEast Anglia 173NANA4.6Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeNetherlandsFriesland 94NANA7.4Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeNorway 83NANA21.7Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeEngland/Scotland/Wales?British 25NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeScotlandOrkney 26NANA27.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeRussiaPomor28NANA36.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeRussiaRussian, North 49NANA43.0Wells et al. (2001)
AsiaRussiaRussian, Tashkent89NANA47.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeRussiaKazan Tatar 38NANA24.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeRussiaSaami23NANA22.0Wells et al. (2001)
AsiaRussiaNenets 54NANA11.0Wells et al. (2001)
Middle EastLebanon50NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
Middle EastIranTehran24NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
Middle EastIranShiraz12NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
Middle EastIranEsfahan16NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusGeorgiaSvans (Svanetians)25NANA8.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusGeorgiaKazbegi25NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusGeorgiaSouth Ossetians 17NANA6.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusAzerbaijanLezgi in Azerbaijan12NANA8.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusAzerbaijanAzerbaijanians 21NANA10.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusArmeniaArmenians 47NANA9.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaAfghanistan Pashtuns 49NANA51.02Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistan Tajiks 56NANA30.36Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistan Hazara 60NANA6.66Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistan Uzbeks 17NANA17.64Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistan Balochs 13NANA0.0Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistan Nuristanis 5NANA60.0Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaTurkmenistanTurkmen 30NANA7.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTurkmenistanTurkmenistan Kurd 17NANA12.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanSinte Romani 15NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistan Iranian (Samarkand) 53NANA11.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanTajik (Samarkand) 40NANA25.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanArab Bukhara 42NANA19.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanCrimean Tartar 22NANA32.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanKarakalpak 44NANA18.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Kashkadarya 19NANA16.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Bukhara 58NANA28.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Surkhandarya 68NANA29.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Khorezm 70NANA30.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Tashkent 43NANA28.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Fergana Valley 63NANA22.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanSamarkand 45NANA13.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistan<<link:2>> (near Afghanistan)25NANA68.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanBartangi 30NANA40.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanShugnan44NANA23.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanYagnobi31NANA16.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanTajiks/Panjikent22NANA64.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanTajiks/Dushanbe 16NANA19.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaKyrgyzstanKyrgyz52NANA63.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaKyrgyzstanDungan (Sino-Tibetan) 40NANA10.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaKazakhstanKazakhs 54NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaKazakhstanUighur41NANA22.0Wells et al. (2001)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India Sourashtran 46NANA39.0Wells et al. (2001)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India Kallar Dravidian 84NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India Yadhava 129NANA13.0Wells et al. (2001)
North AsiaRussiaTuvinian 42NANA14.0Wells et al. (2001)
North AsiaMongolia24NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
East AsiaKorea45NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
East AsiaChinaLiqian from Yongchang87NANA1.1Zhou et al. (2007)
East AsiaChinaYugur from Su\'nan52NANA1.9Zhou et al. (2007)
East AsiaChinaTibetan from Guide, Qinghai39NANA2.6Zhou et al. (2007)
East AsiaChinaUygurs from Urumqi49NANANAZhou et al. (2007)
EuropeItalySardinia100.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeEnglandCornwall510.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSpainBasque260.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropePortugalNorthern3280.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
North AfricaAlgeria270.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
North Africa1290.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
North AfricaTunisiaJerbian Arabs 46NA4.34.3 Ennafaa et al. (2011)
EuropeFinland5710.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeBulgaria2412.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeNetherlands8413.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeGermanyBavarian8015.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSwedenGotlander6416.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeYugoslavian10016.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeRussiaChuvash1718.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSwedenNorthern4819.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeRomania4520.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeIceland2821.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSaami4821.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeHungary3622.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeEstonia20727.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeRussiaMari4829.0 (Tambets disagrees)NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeUkraineUkraine2730.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeGermany3030.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeNorway5231.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeLithuania3834.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSlovenia7037.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeCzech Republic5338.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeBelarus4139.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeLatvia3441.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
AsiaRussia12247.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSlovakia7047.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropePoland11254.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeIreland571.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeOssetia472.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeCyprus452.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeItaly992.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSpain1262.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropePortugalSouthern572.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeBelgium924.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeTurkey1675.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeFrance405.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeGeorgia646.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeArmenia896.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeDenmark567.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeScotlandWestern1207.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeScotland437.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeGreece368.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeEnglandEast Anglia1729.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeIceland18123.8NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeNorway11217.9NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeSweden11017.3NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeDenmark1216.7NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeIreland2220.5NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeScotland616.6NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeBritain329.4NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeGermany329.4NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeGreece424.8NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeItaly3322.7NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
AsiaRussia3043.3NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeEstonia7436.5NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeRussiaKomi-Permiak4223.8NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeRussiaRussian (Perm)3743.2NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeRussia - MordoviaMordovian Erzya4639.1NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeRussia - MordoviaMordovian Moksi4621.7NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeEstoniaEstonia Russian2626.9NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeUkraineUkrainian650.0NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeBulgariaBulgarian80817.5NANATemplate:Karachanak et al.
EuropeTurkeyNortheast Turkish1118.2NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeTurkeyCentral Anatolian1811.1NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeTurkeySouthwest Turkish2910.3NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeTurkeySoutheast Turkish1315.4NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeCyprusTurkish Cypriots2213.6NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
Middle EastTalysh2010.0NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
CaucasusAzerbaijanAzeri2412.5NANAMalaspina et al. (2003)
EuropeCroatiaMainland10834.3NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeBosnia-HerzogivinaBosnians6924.6NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeBosnia-HerzogivinaHerzogivinians14112.1NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeSerbiaSerbians11315.9NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeKosovaAlbanians1144.4NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeRepublic of MacedoniaMacedonians7915.2NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeRepublic of MacedoniaRomani571.8NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeCroatiaMainland10933.9NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeCroatiaKrk7428.0NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeCroatiaBrač4913.0NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeCroatiaHvar918.0NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeCroatiaKorčula13427.0NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeRussiaNorth38034.20NANABalanovsky et al. (2008)
EuropeRussiaCentral36446.50NANABalanovsky et al. (2008)
EuropeRussiaSouth48455.40NANABalanovsky et al. (2008)
EuropePortugal5531.27NANAGonçalves et al. (2005)
EuropeSweden Swedes14118.4NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeEstonia Estonians20933.5NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeLatvia Latvians8638.4NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussia Mari11147.7 (Rosser disagrees)NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussia Mordvin8326.5NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussia Komi9433NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussia Udmurt8710.3NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussia Chuvash7931.6NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussia Volga Tatars12634.1NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeFrance French610NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeHungary Hungarians11320.4NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussia Russians6142.6NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaKhant474.3NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussia Nganasan380NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussia Nenets1480NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaSelkup13119.1NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaKet480NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussia Dolgan6716.4NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussia Yakut1551.9NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaBuryat811.2NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussia Evenk961NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussia Evens316.5NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussia Altaians9846.9NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeNorway Norwegians7223.6NANAPassarino et al. (2002)
EuropeDenmark Danes19416.5NANASanchez et al. (2003)
EuropeTurkeyKurds Zazaki speakers27NANA25.9Nasidze et al. (2005)
EuropeTurkeyKurds Kurmanji speakers87NANA12.7Nasidze et al. (2005)
Middle EastIraqKurds95NANA11.6Brinkmann et al. (1999)
CaucasusGeorgiaKurds25NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2005)
Middle EastJordanAmman101NANA2.0Flores et al. (2005)
Middle EastJordanDead Sea45NANA0.0Flores et al. (2005)
Middle EastIraqBaghdad, different ethnic groups139NANA6.5Al Zahery et al. (2003)
EuropeRussiaArkhangelsk28NA0.0017.9 Mirabal et al. (2009)
North AsiaRussiaKhanty27NA0.0014.8Mirabal et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaIzhenski Komi54NA0.0029.6 Mirabal et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaPriluzki Komi49NA0.0032.7Mirabal et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaKursk region Russian 40NA0.0052.5 Mirabal et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaTver region Russian 38NA0.0057.9 Mirabal et al. (2009)
R1b
Continent Population #No. Total% R-P25* R-V88 R-M269 R-M73
AfricaNorthern Africa6915.9%0.0%5.2%0.7%0.0%
AfricaCentral Sahel Region46123.0%0.0%23.0%0.0%0.0%
AfricaWestern Africa 1230.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
AfricaEastern Africa 4420.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
AfricaSouthern Africa 1050.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
EuropeWestern Europeans 46557.8%0.0%0.0%57.8%0.0%
EuropeNorth western Europeans4355.8%0.0%0.0%55.8%0.0%
EuropeCentral Europeans 7742.9%0.0%0.0%42.9%0.0%
EuropeNorth Eastern Europeans741.4%0.0%0.0%1.4%0.0%
EuropeRussians 606.7%0.0%0.0%6.7%0.0%
EuropeEastern Europeans 14920.8%0.0%0.0%20.8%0.0%
EuropeSouth eastern Europeans 51013.1%0.0%0.2%12.9%0.0%
AsiaWestern Asians 3285.8%0.0%0.3%5.5%0.0%
AsiaSouthern Asians 2884.8%0.0%0.0%1.7%3.1%
AsiaSouth eastern Asians100.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
AsiaNorth eastern Asians300.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
AsiaEastern Asians 1560.6%0.0%0.0%0.6%0.0%
TOTAL5326
R2

Haplogroup R2 is most common in South Asia and south Central Asia, as well as diaspora populations, such as the Romanis.

R2a

Frequency of R-M124 in Social and Linguistic Subgroups of Indian Populations
(Source: Sengupta et al. 2006)
Tibeto-Burman Austro-Asiatic Dravidian Indo-European
Tribe 5.75% 10.94% 5.00% -
Lower Caste - - 13.79% 10.00%
Middle Caste - - 3.53% 18.75%
Upper Caste - - 10.17% 16.28%
Frequency of Haplogroup R-M124 in the Arab World from DNA studies
Count Sample Size R-M124 Fequency %
UAE[5] 8 217 3.69%
Qatar[6] 1 72 1.39%
Kuwait[7] 1 153 0.65%
Yemen[6] 1 104 0.96%
Jordan[8] 2 146 1.37%
Lebanon[9] 2 935 0.21%
Palestine[10] 1 49 2.04%
Egypt[11] 1 147 0.68%
R2b
R2b% Population
10.3% Burusho,
6.8% Kalash,
1.0% Pashtuns
3.4% Gujarat
0.63% Pakistan

References

  1. http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2013/11/22/000802.1
  2. http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/pdf/ejhg2014106a.pdf
  3. Miroslava Derenko et al 2005, Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions
  4. Sahoo, S. (2006). "A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (4): 843. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507714103. PMC 1347984. PMID 16415161.
  5. Alshamali et al. (2009), "Local Population Structure in Arabian Peninsula Revealed by Y-STR Diversity."
  6. 1 2 Cadenas et al. (2007), "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman."
  7. Mohammad et al. (2009), "Genetic structure of nomadic Bedouin from Kuwait."
  8. Flores et al. (2005), "Isolates in a corridor of migrations: a high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan."
  9. Zalloua, P. A.; Xue, Y; Khalife, J; Makhoul, N; Debiane, L; Platt, D. E.; Royyuru, A. K.; Herrera, R. J.; Hernanz, D. F.; Blue-Smith, J; Wells, R. S.; Comas, D; Bertranpetit, J; Tyler-Smith, C; Genographic, Consortium (April 2008). "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events". The American Journal of Human Genetics 82 (4): 873–82. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020. PMC 2427286. PMID 18374297.
  10. Myres et al. (2010), "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe."
  11. Luis et al. (2004), "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations."

Sources

External links

Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1[χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1 F2 F3 GHIJK
G HIJK
H IJK
IJ K
I J LT [χ 5]  K2
L T NO [χ 6] K2b [χ 7]   K2c K2d K2e [χ 8]
N O K2b1 [χ 9]    P
M S [χ 10] Q R
  1. Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.
  2. International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
  3. Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A0'1'2'3'4.
  4. Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
  5. Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
  6. Haplogroup NO (M214) is also known as Haplogroup K2a (although the present Haplogroup K2e was also previously known as "K2a").
  7. Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
  8. Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a, also known as Haplogroup NO).
  9. Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is similar to the former Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
  10. Haplogroup S (S-M230) was previously known as Haplogroup K5.
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