Yaña imlâ alphabet

Yaña imlâ
Type
Alphabet with some elements of an abjad
Languages Tatar, Bashkir
Time period
 1920 to 1928
Parent systems
Cover page of Tatar Yana imla book, printed with Separated Arabic script in 1924

Yaña imlâ (pronounced [jʌˈŋɑ imˈlʲæ]; Cyrillic: яңа имля; Tatar for new orthography) was a modified variant of Arabic script that was in use for the Tatar language in 1920–1927. The orthographical reform modified İske imlâ, abolishing excess Arabic letters, adding letters for short vowels e, ı, ö, o. Some diacritic, that looked like comma was used to designate the vowel harmony. Arguably, Yaña imlâ had as its goal the accommodation of the alphabet to the actual Tatar pronunciation.

There were some projects that were to simplify Yaña imlâ too. The unique separated Arabic was invented (so as to use typewriters). Separated Arabic was even incorporated in the early flag of Tatar ASSR, though it was not in real use.

As early as in 1924 the first projects of Latin script were introduced and in 1928 alphabet was switched to the Latin Jaꞑalif alphabet.

Zamanälif Initial Medial Final Stand-alone Jaꞑalif modern Cyrillic Tatar alphabet Notes
1 a ﯪ ﺎ ﺎ ﯪ a а
2 ä ﺋﻪ ﻪ ﻪ ﺋﻪ ə ә
3 b ﺑ ﺒ ﺐ ﺏ ʙ б
4 t ﺗ ﺘ ﺖ ﺕ t т
5 p ﭘ ﭙ ﭗ ﭖ p п
6 c ﺟ ﺠ ﺞ ﺝ ç җ
7 ç ﭼ ﭽ ﭻ ﭺ c ч
8 x ﺣ ﺤ ﺢ ﺡ x х
9 d ﺩ ﺪ ﺪ ﺩ d д
10 r ﺭ ﺮ ﺮ ﺭ r р
11 z ﺯ ﺰ ﺰ ﺯ z з
12 j ﮊ ﮋ ﮋ ﮊ ƶ ж
13 s ﺳ ﺴ ﺲ ﺱ s с
14 ş ﺷ ﺸ ﺶ ﺵ ş ш
15 ğ ﻋ ﻌ ﻊ ﻉ ƣ г(ъ) alternative Cyrillic transcription: ғ
16 f ﻓ ﻔ ﻒ ﻑ f ф
17 q ﻗ ﻘ ﻖ ﻕ q к(ъ) alternative Cyrillic transcription: қ
18 k ﻛ ﻜ ﻚ ﮎ k к
19 g ﮔ ﮕ ﮓ ﮒ g г
20 ñ – ﯖ ﯔ ﯓ ꞑ ң Initial form was never used due phonetic reasons
21 l ﻟ ﻠ ﻞ ﻝ l л
22 m ﻣ ﻤ ﻢ ﻡ m м
23 n ﻧ ﻨ ﻦ ﻥ n н
24 w ﻭ ﻮ ﻮ ﻭ v в alternative Cyrillic transcription: ў
25 i, í, y ﻴﺋ ﻴ ﻯ ﻴﺋ i, ьj, j и, ый, й ﻴﺋ, – for í, ﻴﺋ – for i,
26 u, ü ﯮ ﻮ ﻮ ﯮ u, y у, ү ﯮ, – for u, ﯮ – for ü
27 o, ö ﯰ ﯘ ﯘ ﯰ o, ɵ о, ө ﯰ, – for o, ﯰ – for ö
28 ı, e ﺋ ﺌ ئ ﺋ ь, e ы, е ﺋ, – for ı, ﺋ – for e
29 h ﻫ ﻬ ﻪ ﻩ h һ

See also

Sources


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