Yorktown, Virginia

For other places with the same name, see Yorktown (disambiguation).
Yorktown, Virginia
CDP

Location of Yorktown in Virginia
Coordinates: 37°14′4″N 76°30′35″W / 37.23444°N 76.50972°W / 37.23444; -76.50972Coordinates: 37°14′4″N 76°30′35″W / 37.23444°N 76.50972°W / 37.23444; -76.50972
Country United States
State Virginia
County York
Area
 • Total 0.6 sq mi (1.7 km2)
 • Land 0.6 sq mi (1.7 km2)
 • Water 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation 13 ft (4 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 195
 • Density 330/sq mi (110/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 23690–23693
Area code(s) 757
FIPS code 51-88240[1]
GNIS feature ID 1500081[2]

Yorktown is a census-designated place (CDP) in York County, Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of York County,[3] one of the eight original shires formed in colonial Virginia in 1682. Yorktown's population was 195 as of the 2010 census, while York County's population was 66,134 in the 2011 census estimate.

The town is most famous as the site of the siege and subsequent surrender of General Cornwallis to General George Washington and the French Fleet during the American Revolutionary War on October 19, 1781. Although the war would last for another year, this British defeat at Yorktown effectively ended the war. Yorktown also figured prominently in the American Civil War (1861–1865), serving as a major port to supply both northern and southern towns, depending upon who held Yorktown at the time.

Today, Yorktown is one of three sites of the Historic Triangle, which also includes Jamestown and Williamsburg as important colonial-era settlements. It is the eastern terminus of the Colonial Parkway connecting these locations. Yorktown is also the eastern terminus of the TransAmerica Trail, a bicycle touring route created by the Adventure Cycling Association.

One of Yorktown's historic sister cities is Zweibrücken in Germany, based on participation of a unit from there during the American Revolutionary War.

History

Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781. (Painting by John Trumbull)

Yorktown, named for the ancient city of York in Yorkshire, Northern England, was founded in 1691 as a port on the York River for English colonists to export tobacco to Europe. The lawyer Thomas Ballard was the principal founder of the city along with Joseph Ring.[4] It was called "York" until after the American Revolutionary War, when the name "Yorktown" came into common use.[5]

The town reached the height of its development around 1750, when it had 250 to 300 buildings and a population of almost 2,000 people. It was the base of British General Charles Cornwallis during the 1781 siege, which was the last major battle of the American Revolutionary War.

When waterways were critical to transportation, Yorktown was thought to occupy a strategic location controlling upstream portions of the York River and its tributaries and their access to the Chesapeake Bay. In his Notes on the State of Virginia published in 1781–82, Thomas Jefferson noted that the York River at Yorktown "affords the best harbour in the state for vessels of the largest size. The river there narrows to the width of a mile, and is contained within very high banks, close under which the vessels may ride." [6]

The population dropped in Yorktown and other areas of the mostly rural peninsula after the state's capital was relocated from Williamsburg to Richmond on the James River, attracting more development there. In addition, tobacco exhausted the soil, and planters shifted to mixed crops, which required less slave labor. Many generations of younger sons migrated out of the Tidewater area to new lands further west, into the Piedmont and beyond to Kentucky, Tennessee and what became the Northwest Territory.

During the 1862 Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War (1861–1865), the town was captured by the Union following the Siege and Battle of Yorktown. It was used as a base by the Union Army of the Potomac under General George B. McClellan to launch an attack on Richmond.

One of Yorktown's sister cities is Zweibrücken, Germany. During the American Revolutionary War, the Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment was commanded by Comte Christian de Forbach (son of Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, and the deputy commander was his brother Philippe Guillaume (later renamed to Wilhelm). This was one of the four regiments that arrived at Newport, Rhode Island with Rochambeau in 1780. It participated on the side of Americans in the Battle of Yorktown in 1781.

During World War I, to support Atlantic defenses, the federal government in 1918 acquired about 13,000 acres (53 km2) for development by the US Navy as Mine Depot, Yorktown. This large installation straddled York, Warwick and James City counties. It has since expanded and been developed as Naval Weapons Station Yorktown.[7] Cheatham Annex, a facility which was developed over the former town of Penniman, is also included as part of the base.

United States Coast Guard Training Center Yorktown serves as a training school for the United States Coast Guard. Also relatively close to Yorktown are Camp Peary (in York County), the Northrop Grumman Newport News Shipbuilding yards and facilities, and Fort Eustis Army base (both in Newport News). Other major installations in the area are Naval Station Norfolk, located at Norfolk, and Langley Air Force Base in Hampton.

Description

The Somerwell House (c.1700) on Main Street.

In the early 21st century, Yorktown is popular as a destination in heritage tourism. Yorktown has distinct areas. Yorktown Village or Historic Yorktown is located close to the York River, near the George P. Coleman Memorial Bridge that spans the river to Gloucester Point. Historic Yorktown is comprised first of Water Street, a small strip along the beach of the river; it contains several small restaurants, a park, a hotel, a pier, an antique shop. In May 2005 a building was constructed with more shops and restaurants, enhancing what is known as the "Riverwalk" section on the waterfront.

Next, Main Street is located on a bluff above the floodplain. Architecture in this area is almost exclusively original to the colonial era. Nine buildings, including the circa-1730 Nelson House and Somerwell House (see photo), survive from the pre-Revolutionary period. The old court house, several small shops, the Nelson House, and the Yorktown Monument are located along this road. Around the center of the town are residential streets. Grace Episcopal Church, situated on Church Street near the old courthouse, is noted for its architecture.

Honors

Monument at Yorktown, celebrating victory in the American Revolutionary War. Installed 1884.

Yorktown and the nearby area are significant to the early history of the United States. Colonial National Historical Park, which contains and preserves Yorktown National Battlefield and Yorktown National Cemetery, is located on the outskirts of town. The battlefield has many of the earthworks dug by the besieging American and French forces.

The Yorktown Victory Monument – commemorating the victory, the alliance with France that brought it about, and the resulting peace with Great Britain after the war - is located just outside the current town. Designed by New York architect Richard Morris Hunt, the monument was installed in 1884 and topped by a figure of Victory sculpted by John Quincy Adams Ward. That element was destroyed by lightning in 1942. It was replaced in 1957 by a figure of Liberty by Oskar J. W. Hansen.[8] A memorial to the French war dead of the Yorktown campaign is being planned for construction at the French cemetery on the site of the battle.[9]

Transportation

U.S. Route 17, also known as George Washington Memorial Highway, is the primary thoroughfare of Yorktown. It carries traffic via the George P. Coleman Memorial Bridge across the York River. York County has grown rapidly, and since the late 20th century, the stretch of U.S. 17 that passes through this area has become a heavily traveled route on which numerous strip malls and commercial areas have been developed. Many of the residential areas of York County branch off Route 17 or are near Interstate 64. Little of the recent residential or business development of York County has occurred close to Yorktown. It is being protected and managed as a historical colonial village, much like Williamsburg, under the guidance of the National Park Service.

Demographics

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 203 people, 117 households, and 45 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 314.9 people per square mile (122.5/km2). There were 129 housing units at an average density of 200.1/sq mi (77.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92% White, 6% Black or African American, and <1% from two or more races.

There were 117 households out of which 9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33% were married couples living together, 7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 61% were non-families. 54% of all households were made up of individuals and 16% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.7 and the average family size was 2.6.

In the CDP the population was spread out with 9% under the age of 18, 6% from 18 to 24, 29% from 25 to 44, 33% from 45 to 64, and 23% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $30,804, and the median income for a family was $74,000. Males had a median income of $26,964 versus $16,923 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,748. 0% of the population or families were below the poverty line.

Federally, Yorktown is part of Virginia's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Rob Wittman, elected in 2007.

The state's senior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Mark Warner, elected in 2008. The state's junior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Tim Kaine, elected in 2012. The Governor of Virginia is Democrat Terry McAuliffe, elected in 2013.

Media

Yorktown's daily newspaper is the Daily Press. Other papers available to residents of the county include the Port Folio Weekly, the New Journal and Guide, and the Hampton Roads Business Journal.[10] Hampton Roads Magazine is a bi-monthly regional magazine for Yorktown and the Hampton Roads area.[11] Hampton Roads Times serves as an online magazine for all the Hampton Roads cities and counties.

Yorktown is served by a variety of radio stations on the AM and FM dials, with towers located around the Hampton Roads area.[12]

Yorktown is also served by several television stations. The Hampton Roads designated market area (DMA) is the 42nd-largest in the U.S. with 712,790 homes (0.64% of the total U.S.).[13] The Public Broadcasting Service station is WHRO-TV 15. Yorktown residents can receive independent stations, such as WSKY broadcasting on channel 4 from the Outer Banks of North Carolina and WGBS-LD broadcasting on channel 11. Yorktown is served by Cox Cable which provides LNC 5, a local 24-hour cable news network. DirecTV and Dish Network are also popular as an alternative to cable television in Yorktown.

Public transportation

Coleman Bridge to Gloucester Point, Virginia, viewed from Yorktown Beach.

Yorktown is served by two airports. Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport, located in Newport News, and Norfolk International Airport, in Norfolk, both cater to passengers from Hampton Roads. The primary airport for the Virginia Peninsula is the Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport. Its traffic has been growing. As of May 2010, the airport offers four airlines offering non-stop services throughout the east coast and Denver, Colorado. In January 2006, the airport reported having served 1,058,839 passengers.[14] Norfolk International Airport serves the region. The airport is located near Chesapeake Bay, along the city limits of Norfolk and Virginia Beach.[15] Seven airlines provide nonstop services to 25 destinations.[16] The Williamsburg-Jamestown Airport provides general aviation services and is located in Williamsburg.[17]

Amtrak serves nearby Newport News, Virginia and Williamsburg, Virginia with three trains a day. The line runs west along the Virginia Peninsula to Richmond and points beyond. Connecting buses are available to Norfolk and Virginia Beach. Construction of a high-speed rail connection at Richmond, to Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor, is under study.[18]

References

Moore House
  1. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  2. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. ↑ James Branch Cabell, The Majors and Their Marriages, pp. 58-59.
  5. ↑ "Genealogy of the Page Family in Virginia".
  6. ↑ Notes on the State of Virginia
  7. ↑ This story was written Mark O. Piggott, Naval Weapons Station Yorktown Public Affairs. "Naval Weapons Station Yorktown Celebrates 90 Years of Ordnance Support".
  8. ↑ "Yorktown Victory Monument, (sculpture).".
  9. ↑ "French Army Casualties at Yorkown".
  10. ↑ "Hampton Roads Magazine". Hampton Roads Magazine. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  11. ↑ Holmes, Gary. "Nielsen Reports 1.1% increase in U.S. Television Households for the 2006-2007 Season." Nielsen Media Research. September 23, 2006. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  12. ↑ "Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport". Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  13. ↑ "Norfolk International Airport Mission and History". Norfolk International Airport. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  14. ↑ "Norfolk International Airport Statistics" (PDF). Norfolk International Airport. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  15. ↑ "Williamsburg-Jamestown Airport". Retrieved 2008-01-12.
  16. ↑ "Southeast High Speed Rail". Southeast High Speed Rail. Retrieved 2007-10-15.

External links

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