Ypthima baldus

Common Fivering
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Ypthima
Species:	Y. baldus
Binomial name
Ypthima baldus (Fabricius, 1775)
Synonyms
Papilio baldus Fabricius, 1775 Ypthima argus Butler, 1866 Ypthima prattii Elwes & Edwards, 1893 Ypthima baldus ishigakina Fruhstorfer, 1908 Ypthima gallienus Fruhstorfer, 1911 Ypthima scota Fruhstorfer, 1911 Ypthima morus Fruhstorfer, 1911 Ypthima satpura Evans, 1924 Ypthima madrasa Evans, 1924 Zephyrus narensis Sugitani, 1932 Ypthima baldus kangeana Kalis, 1933 Ypthima newboldi Distant, 1882 Ypthima marshalli Butler, 1882 Ypthima evanescens Butler, 1881 Ypthima argus var. jezoensis Matsumura, 1919

The Common Fivering Ypthima baldus is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in Asia.

Description

See glossary for terms used

Wet-season form

Male: Upperside brown, both fore and hind wing with terminal margins much darker, and generally with more or less distinct subbasal and discal dark bands. Fore wing with a large, slightly oblique, oval, bi-pupilled, yellow-ringed black, pre-apical ocellus. Hind wing with two postdiscal, round, uni-pupilled, similar but smaller ocelli, and very often one or two minute tornal ocelli also.

Underside similar to the underside in Y. philomela but the ochraceous-white ground-colour paler, tin-transverse brown strice coarser, the ocelli on the hind wing more distinctly in echelon, two tornal, two median, and two pre-apical, and on both fore and hind wing more or less distinctly defined, subbasal, discal and subterminal brown transverse bands.

Female: Differs on the upperside in having the area surrounding or bordering the ocelli on both fore and hind wing paler, closely irrorated with brown striae, the discal transverse band generally clearly defined, and very often both the tornal, and at least one of the apical, ocelli distinct. On the underside it is paler than the male, and has the subbasal, discal and subterminal transverse dark bands more clearly defined.^[1]

Dry-season form

Males and females:Upperside very similar to the above, paler; in the female often the ground-colour ochraceous white, closely irrorated with brown striae ; ocelli as in the wet-season form, but those on the hind wing often non-pupilled. Underside also paler than in the wet-season form, the subbasal, discal and subterminal bands on the whole more prominent; ocelli on the hind wing reduced to mere specks.^[1]

Wing expanse of 38-46 mm.

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  Underside, wet season form

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  Underside, dry season form

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  Upper side, wet season form

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  Upper side, dry season form

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  Mating pair

Distribution

Sub-Himalayan India from Chamba to Sikkim and Bhutan. Central India and the hills of southern India and the Western Ghats. Assam, Myanmar and the Tenasserim.^[1]

Subspecies

Y. b. selinuntius
Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

• Ypthima baldus baldus (India to Indo China, Burma, Thailand, southern Yunnan)
• Ypthima baldus hyampeia Fruhstorfer, 1911 (southern Ussuri, Korea)
• Ypthima baldus jezoensis Matsumura, 1919 (Kuriles)
• Ypthima baldus luoi Huang, 1999 (Yunnan)
• Ypthima baldus marshalli Butler, 1882
• Ypthima baldus moerus Fruhstorfer, 1911
• Ypthima baldus newboldi Distant, 1882 (Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore)
• Ypthima baldus okurai Okano, 1962 (Taiwan)
• Ypthima baldus pasitelides Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Bawean)
• Ypthima baldus selinuntius Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Borneo, Natuna Islands)
• Ypthima baldus zodina Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Taiwan)

References

1. Bingham, C. T. 1905. Fauna of British India. Butterflies. Volume 1