Yugoslav order of battle prior to the invasion of Yugoslavia

graphic map overlay showing the German thrusts into Yugoslavia

The German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia as shown in the United States Government Why We Fight documentary series

The Yugoslav order of battle prior to the invasion of Yugoslavia includes a listing (or order of battle) of all operational formations of the Royal Yugoslav Army (Serbo-Croatian: Vojska Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VKJ), Royal Yugoslav Air Force (Serbo-Croatian: Vazduhoplovstvo Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VVKJ) and Royal Yugoslav Navy (Serbo-Croatian: Kraljevska Jugoslovenska Ratna Mornarica, KJRM) immediately prior to the World War II invasion of that country in April 1941.

The VKJ consisted of 33 divisions and a significant number of smaller formations, but due to tentative and incomplete mobilisation, only seven divisions and four smaller formations are known to have been at close to fighting strength and in their planned deployment locations when the German-led Axis assault commenced on 6 April 1941. The Yugoslav defence plan involved placing the bulk of its land forces close to its borders, with very limited strategic reserves in depth. Almost all of the divisions that had been effectively mobilised were concentrated in the 3rd Army Group deployed in the east of the country along the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border. Most of the heavy weapons and armoured vehicles available to the VKJ were obsolete, most formations were heavily reliant on animal-powered transport, and the VKJ had only 50 tanks that could engage front line German tanks on an equal basis.

By 6 April 1941, the VVKJ had been almost completely mobilised, and consisted of four air brigades with more than 423 aircraft of Yugoslav, German, Italian, French, Czech and British design, including 107 modern fighter aircraft, and 100 modern medium bombers. Other than a small number of locally made Rogožarski IK-3 fighters, almost all the modern aircraft available to the VVKJ were of German, Italian or British design for which limited spares and munitions were available. The KJRM consisted of a flotilla of river monitors based on the Danube and a small fleet based in several ports along the Adriatic coast. The blue-water navy centred on a destroyer leader, three smaller destroyers, four obsolescent submarines and a gunboat, supplemented by minelayers and torpedo boats. Most of the smaller vessels in the Yugoslav fleet had been inherited from the defeated Austro-Hungarian Empire following World War I and were obsolete.

Invasion of Yugoslavia

Yugoslav coup d'état Operation Retribution Invasion of Yugoslavia Yugoslav order of battle Axis order of battle

Royal Yugoslav Army

a blue, white and red tricolour flag (top to bottom)

The war flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

At the time of the invasion, the Royal Yugoslav Army (Serbo-Croatian: Vojska Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VKJ) consisted of 29 infantry divisions, three horse cavalry divisions, and a divisional-sized mountain detachment. There were also a significant number of independent infantry, cavalry, mountain, and combined arms brigades, infantry and cavalry regiments and fortress troops, as well as 17 border guard battalions. The Commander-in-chief of the VKJ was the 17-year-old King Peter II, and the Chief of the General Staff was the Prime Minister, Armijski đeneral^{[lower-alpha 1]} Dušan Simović.^[2] The Yugoslav defence plan positioned almost all land forces close to its borders, with very limited strategic reserves in depth.^[3] The VKJ was heavily reliant on animal-powered transport, mainly oxen, and had only 50 relatively modern Renault R35 tanks that could fight German tanks on an equal footing,^[4]^[5] although these were only just being formed into a unit at the time of the invasion.^[6] The VKJ was organised into the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Army Groups, the independent 5th and 6th Armies and the Coastal Defence Command.^[2] The General Headquarters of the VKJ maintained command over five infantry divisions and a large number of smaller infantry, engineer and artillery units, as well as the only operational tank battalion. Each Army Group and independent Army was supported by an air reconnaissance group attached from the VVKJ.^[2] As mobilisation had been tentative and partial, many divisions were still in the process of mobilisation on 6 April 1941.^[7] The VKJ order of battle on 6 April 1941 is detailed below as provided by Niehorster.^[2]^{[lower-alpha 2]}

mobilised  Mobilised less staff and rear units.
in part  Partly mobilised and moving to concentration area or assigned frontier.
commenced  In process of mobilisation.
unknown  Mobilisation status unknown.

1st Army Group

The 1st Army Group was commanded by Armijski đeneral Milorad Petrović.^[8] It consisted of the 4th Army of Armijski đeneral Petar Nedeljković,^[9] responsible for the Yugoslav-Hungarian border and deployed behind the Drava between Varaždin and Slatina,^[10] and the 7th Army of Divizijski đeneral (Major General) Dušan Trifunović,^[11]^[12] which was responsible for the defence of the northwestern border with Italy and the Third Reich.^[13]^{[lower-alpha 3]}

Composition of 1st Army Group
Army	Formation	Mobilisation status^[15]	Notes
4th^[9]	27th Infantry Division Savska	commenced	—
	40th Infantry Division Slavonska	in part	—
	42nd Infantry Division Murska	commenced	—
	Detachment Ormozki	unknown	brigade strength
	127th Infantry Regiment	unknown	—
	81st Cavalry Regiment	unknown	horse cavalry
7th^[12]	32nd Infantry Division Triglavski	commenced	—
	38th Infantry Division Dravska	commenced	—
	Mountain Detachment Triglavski	mobilised	brigade strength^{[lower-alpha 4]}
	Mountain Detachment Rišnajaski	mobilised	brigade strength^{[lower-alpha 5]}
	Detachment Lika	mobilised	brigade strength
1st Army Group^[2]	1st Cavalry Division	commenced	horse cavalry

4th Army support units included one motorised heavy artillery regiment, one artillery regiment, a motorised anti-aircraft battalion, six border guard battalions, and the 4th Air Reconnaissance Group comprising eighteen Breguet 19s was attached from the VVKJ and was based at Velika Gorica just south of Zagreb.^[9] The 7th Army was supported by one artillery regiment and the 6th Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of sixteen Breguet 19s based at Brežice, northwest of Zagreb.^[12]

2nd Army Group

The 2nd Army Group was commanded by Armijski đeneral Milutin Nedić,^[2] and consisted of Armijski đeneral Milan Rađenković's 1st Army,^[17] responsible for the area between the Danube and the Tisza,^[10] and the 2nd Army of Armijski đeneral Dragoslav Miljković,^[18] responsible for the border from Slatina to the Danube. There was no Army Group reserve, but the 2nd Army was to constitute a reserve consisting of the 10th Infantry Division Bosanska deployed south of Brod.^[10]

Composition of 2nd Army Group
Army	Formation	Mobilisation status^[14]	Notes
1st^[17]	7th Infantry Division Potiska	commenced	—
	3rd Cavalry Division	commenced	horse cavalry
	Infantry Detachment Senta	commenced	brigade strength
	Infantry Detachment Sombor	commenced	brigade strength
2nd^[18]	10th Infantry Division Bosanska	in part	in reserve
	17th Infantry Division Vrbaska	in part	—
	30th Infantry Division Osiječka	commenced	—
	76th Cavalry Regiment	unknown	horse cavalry

The 1st Army was supported by one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft battalion, and the 1st Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of fifteen Breguet 19s based at Ruma, just west of Sremska Mitrovica.^[17] 2nd Army support units comprised one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft battalion, one border guard battalion, and the 3rd Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of sixteen Breguet 19s based at Staro Topolje just east of Brod.^[18]

3rd Army Group

The 3rd Army Group was commanded by Armijski đeneral Milan Nedić.^[2] It consisted of Armijski đeneral Ilija Brašić's 3rd Army,^[19] responsible for the border with Albania between Lake Ohrid to Lake Skadar,^[10] and the 3rd Territorial Army of Armijski đeneral Jovan Naumović,^[20] which was responsible for the eastern sector of the Greek border and a sector along the Bulgarian border. ^[21] The Army Group reserve consisted of the 22nd Infantry Division Ibarska,^[22] deployed around Skopje.^[10]

Composition of 3rd Army Group
Army	Formation	Mobilisation status^[23]	Notes
3rd^[19]	13th Infantry Division Hercegovačka	in part	—
	15th Infantry Division Zetska	commenced	—
	25th Infantry Division Vardarska	commenced	reinforced
	31st Infantry Division Kosovska	mobilised	reinforced
	Cavalry Detachment Komski	mobilised	brigade strength horse cavalry
3rd Territorial^[20]	5th Infantry Division Šumadijska	mobilised	—
	20th Infantry Division Bregalnička	mobilised	reinforced
	46th Infantry Division Moravska	mobilised	—
	Infantry Detachment Strumički	unknown	brigade strength
	21st Infantry Regiment	unknown	—
3rd Army Group^[2]	22nd Infantry Division Ibarska	in part	—

3rd Army support units included one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft battalion, eight border guard battalions, and the 5th Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of fourteen Breguet 19s based at Tetovo west of Skopje.^[19] The 3rd Territorial Army was supported by one motorised heavy artillery regiment.^[20]

5th Independent Army

The 5th Independent Army was commanded by Armijski đeneral Vladimir Čukavac,^[24] and had responsibility for the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border.^[10]

Composition of 5th Independent Army
Army	Formation	Mobilisation status^[23]	Notes
5th Independent^[24]	8th Infantry Division Krajinska	in part	in reserve
	9th Infantry Division Timočka	commenced	—
	34th Infantry Division Toplička	mobilised	—
	50th Infantry Division Drinska	mobilised	—
	2nd Cavalry Division	in part	horse cavalry

The support units of the 5th Independent Army were two motorised heavy artillery regiments, an anti-aircraft battalion, two border guard battalions, and the 2nd Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of sixteen Breguet 19s based at Šarlince south of Niš.^[24]

6th Independent Army

The 6th Independent Army was commanded by Armijski đeneral Dimitrije Živković,^[25] and was originally intended to form the strategic reserve for the VKJ. It was deployed around Belgrade and in the Banat region east of the Tisza. It held two infantry divisions in reserve in the lower Morava valley.^[10]

Composition of 6th Independent Army
Army	Formation	Mobilisation status^[14]	Notes
6th Independent^[25]	3rd Infantry Division Dunavska	commenced	—
	49th Infantry Division Sremska	in part	understrength
	Infantry Detachment Požarevački	unknown	brigade strength
	Infantry Detachment Smederevski	unknown	brigade strength
	Detachment Savski	unknown	brigade strength^{[lower-alpha 6]}
	Detachment Banatski	mobilised	brigade strength^{[lower-alpha 7]}
	Infantry Detachment Braničevski	unknown	regimental strength
	5th Cavalry Regiment	unknown	horse cavalry
	71st Cavalry Regiment	unknown	horse cavalry

The 6th Independent Army was supported by an anti-aircraft battalion and the 7th Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of eighteen Breguet 19s based at Smederevska Palanka.^[25]

Coastal Defence Command

Coastal Defence Command was commanded by Armijski đeneral Živko Stanisaviljević,^[26] and was responsible for the defence of the Adriatic coast from the Bay of Kotor to Gospić.^[10]

Composition of Coastal Defence Command
Army	Formation	Mobilisation status^[22]	Notes
Coastal Defence Command	12th Infantry Division Jadranska	commenced	—
	Boka Kotorska Command	commenced	^{[lower-alpha 8]}
	Šibenik Command	commenced	^{[lower-alpha 9]}
	Čapljinski Command	unknown	infantry brigade strength
	Trebinjski Command	unknown	infantry regiment strength

Coastal Defence Command was supported by a heavy artillery regiment and an anti-aircraft battalion, and a coastal reconnaissance squadron of four aircraft based near Mostar.^[26]

General Headquarters Direct Command

General Headquarters of the VKJ maintained direct command of five infantry divisions, four independent infantry regiments, two motorised engineer regiments and one tank battalion.^{[lower-alpha 10]} A further tank battalion was being formed at the time of the invasion.^{[lower-alpha 11]} It also had at its disposal two motorised heavy artillery regiments, fifteen artillery battalions, two anti-aircraft battalions and five independent anti-aircraft companies.^[6]

General Headquarters Direct Command
Formation	Mobilisation status^[22]	Notes
Guards Infantry Division	unknown	understrength
1st Infantry Division Cerska	in part	—
33rd Infantry Division Lička	commenced	—
44th Infantry Division Unska	in part	—
47th Infantry Division Dinarska	commenced	—
22nd Infantry Regiment	unknown	—
37th Infantry Regiment	unknown	—
47th Infantry Regiment	unknown	—
48th Infantry Regiment	unknown	—

Major equipment

In April 1941, a significant amount of obsolete equipment was in service with the VKJ, much of which was of World War I vintage. For example, of the 7,000 artillery pieces, less than 60 per cent were relatively modern, and only 50 of the tanks on hand were of comparable quality to front line German tanks.^[27] The army inventory included the following major items of equipment:^[4]

Major equipment
Equipment	Number
Mortars	1,900
Light anti-tank guns	800
75mm field guns	823
105mm field howitzers	180
WWI-vintage howitzers	3,000
Anti-aircraft guns	250
Renault R35 light tanks	50
Škoda S-1d light tanks	50
Renault NC27 light tanks	50
Renault FT and M26/27 light tanks	50

Major items of equipment in service with the Royal Yugoslav Army

tracked green-painted tank with turret mounted on a concrete slab

The French made FT tank was designed during World War I, and by 1941 was no match for German front line tanks.

a small green-painted wheeled artillery piece with a split trail mounted on a concrete plinth

Škoda 37 mm Model 1937 anti-tank gun

a pale green-painted wheeled artillery piece on a concrete plinth

A World War I vintage Schneider-Ansaldo 105 mm M1913 field howitzer

Royal Yugoslav Air Force

a stylised white four-blade propeller overlaid on a blue disc and concentric rings of white (inner) and red (outer)

The roundel of the Royal Yugoslav Air Force

By April 1941, due to the difficulties Yugoslavia had faced in sourcing aircraft, the Royal Yugoslav Air Force (Serbo-Croatian: Vazduhoplovstvo Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VVKJ) was equipped with 11 different types of operational aircraft, 14 types of training aircraft, and five types of auxiliary aircraft. These aircraft used 22 different engines, four different machine guns and two models of aircraft cannon. This made the training, supply and maintenance of the VVKJ quite problematic.^[28] The VVKJ was organised into a headquarters, four air brigades and one naval brigade. Its order of battle on 6 April 1941 is detailed below as provided by Shores, Cull and Malizia, the most detailed work available on the subject.^[29]^{[lower-alpha 12]}

Air Force Headquarters

The VVKJ was commanded by Brigadni General (Brigadier) Borivoje Mirković, from his headquarters at Lješnica, and had two air groups and one independent squadron under its direct command.^[30] Niehorster includes the VVKJ transport group and the air training school as under the direct command of Air Force Headquarters, and they have been shown here for completeness.^[31]

Air Force Headquarters units
Unit	Location	Aircraft
11th Independent (Long Range Reconnaissance) Group	Veliki Radinci	9 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers 2 × Hawker Hind Mk I light bombers
81st Bomber Group	Mostar	14 × Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 medium bombers 3 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters 3 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters 3 × Avia BH-33E biplane fighters^{[lower-alpha 13]}
710th Liaison Squadron^{[lower-alpha 14]}	Lješnica	2 × Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft 1 × Fieseler Fi 156 Storch liaison aircraft
Transport Group^{[lower-alpha 15]}	Zemun	10 × Lockheed Model 10 Electra airliners 2 × Spartan Cruiser transports 2 × Avia-Fokker F.39 airliners 1 × de Havilland Dragon Rapide airliner 2 × Caudron C.440 Goéland utility aircraft 1 × Aeroput MMS-3 light passenger aircraft 1 × de Havilland DH.60 Moth touring and training aircraft 1 × de Havilland Fox Moth passenger aircraft
Air Training School^{[lower-alpha 16]}	Mostar	3 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters 3 × Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft 2 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters 3 × Avia BH-33E biplane fighters

1st Fighter Brigade

The 1st Fighter Brigade was commanded by Pukovnik (Colonel) Dragutin Rupčić, whose headquarters was at Zemun. It consisted of the 2nd and 6th Fighter Regiments and a liaison squadron.^[33]

Composition of the 1st Fighter Brigade
Formation	Unit	Location	Aircraft
2nd Fighter Regiment HQ: Kraljevo	31st Fighter Group	Knić	19 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters
2nd Fighter Regiment HQ: Kraljevo	52nd Fighter Group	Knić	15 × Hawker Hurricane I fighters
6th Fighter Regiment HQ: Zemun	32nd Fighter Group	Prnjavor	27 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters
6th Fighter Regiment HQ: Zemun	51st Fighter Group	Zemun	10 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters 6 × Rogožarski IK-3 fighters
—	702nd Liaison Squadron^{[lower-alpha 17]}	Zemun	Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft

2nd Mixed Air Brigade

The 2nd Mixed Air Brigade was commanded by Pukovnik Jakov Đorđević, whose headquarters was at Nova Topola. It consisted of the 4th Fighter Regiment, the 8th Bomber Regiment, and a liaison squadron.^[36]

Composition of the 2nd Mixed Air Brigade
Formation	Unit	Location	Aircraft
4th Fighter Regiment HQ: Zagreb	33rd Fighter Group	Bosanski Aleksandrovac	13 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters
4th Fighter Regiment HQ: Zagreb	34th Fighter Group	Bosanski Aleksandrovac	7 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters 8 ×Ikarus IK-2 fighters
8th Bomber Regiment HQ: Zagreb	68th Bomber Group	Rovine	12 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers
8th Bomber Regiment HQ: Zagreb	69th Bomber Group	Rovine	12 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers
—	703rd Liaison Squadron^{[lower-alpha 18]}	Nova Topola	Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft

3rd Mixed Air Brigade

The 3rd Mixed Air Brigade was commanded by Pukovnik Nikola Obuljen, whose headquarters was at Stubol. It consisted of the 3rd Bomber Regiment, 5th Fighter Regiment, and a liaison squadron.^[38]

Composition of the 3rd Mixed Air Brigade
Formation	Unit	Location	Aircraft
3rd Bomber Regiment HQ: Skopje	63rd Bomber Group	Petrovec	30 × Dornier Do 17K light bombers
3rd Bomber Regiment HQ: Skopje	64th Bomber Group	Petrovec	30 × Dornier Do 17K light bombers
5th Fighter Regiment HQ: Niš	35th Fighter Group	Kosančić	15 × Hawker Fury Mk II biplane fighters
5th Fighter Regiment HQ: Niš	36th Fighter Group	Režanovačka Kosa	15 × Hawker Fury Mk II biplane fighters
—	704th Liaison Squadron^{[lower-alpha 19]}	Stubol	Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft

4th Bomber Brigade

The 4th Bomber Brigade was commanded by Pukovnik Petar Vukčević, whose headquarters was at Ljubić. It consisted of the 1st and 7th Bomber Regiments and a liaison squadron.^[40]

Composition of the 1st Fighter Brigade
Formation	Unit	Location	Aircraft
1st Bomber Regiment HQ: Novi Sad	61st Bomber Group^{[lower-alpha 20]}	Bijeljina	11 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers
1st Bomber Regiment HQ: Novi Sad	62nd Bomber Group^{[lower-alpha 21]}	Bijeljina	12 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers
7th Bomber Regiment HQ: Mostar	66th Bomber Group	Preljina	13 × Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 medium bombers
7th Bomber Regiment HQ: Mostar	67th Bomber Group	Gorobilje	13 × Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 medium bombers
—	705th Liaison Squadron^{[lower-alpha 22]}	Ljubić	Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft

Aircraft types

The Royal Yugoslav Air Force inventory in April 1941 included more than 423 aircraft of Yugoslav, German, Italian, French, Czech and British design, in addition to 20 largely civilian transport aircraft which had been pressed into military service. Of these, 107 of the fighter aircraft were of modern design, the remainder were not capable of meeting front line Axis aircraft on close to equal terms, and were therefore considered obsolete. Some bomber and reconnaissance aircraft were also considered obsolete for the same reason.^[28]

Aircraft types
Aircraft type	Model	Class	Number	Origin/notes
Fighter aircraft	Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3	—	61	Germany
	Hawker Hurricane Mk I	—	41	United Kingdom
	Hawker Fury Mk II biplane	—	30	United Kingdom (obsolete)
	Ikarus IK-2	—	8	Yugoslavia (obsolete)
	Rogožarski IK-3	—	6	Yugoslavia
	Avia BH-33E	—	6	Czechoslovakia (obsolete)
Bomber aircraft	Dornier Do 17Ka	medium	60	Germany
	Savoia-Marchetti SM 79-I	medium	40	Italy
	Bristol Blenheim Mk I	light	56	United Kingdom
	Hawker Hind Mk I biplane	light	2	United Kingdom (obsolete)
Reconnaissance aircraft	Caproni Ca.310	—	unknown	Italy
Reconnaissance aircraft	Breguet 19	—	113	France (obsolete)
Liaison aircraft	Messerschmitt Bf 108	—	unknown	Germany
Liaison aircraft	Fieseler Fi 156	—	unknown	Germany

Between 6 and 17 April 1941, the VVKJ took receipt of additional aircraft, including eight Hawker Hurricane Mk Is, six Dornier Do 17Ks, four Bristol Blenheim Mk Is, two Icarus IK-2s, one Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3 and one Rogožarski IK-3.^[42]

Aircraft types in service with the Royal Yugoslav Air Force

A Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3 with Royal Yugoslav Air Force markings

side view of a single-engined propeller monoplane with grey fuselage and tricolour on its tail

A Rogožarski IK-3 with Royal Yugoslav Air Force markings

A Dornier Do 17Ka with Royal Yugoslav Air Force markings

A Savoia-Marchetti SM 79-I with Royal Yugoslav Air Force markings

Royal Yugoslav Navy

a blue, white and red tricolour flag (top to bottom) with a two-headed eagle crest surmounted by a crown

The naval ensign of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Royal Yugoslav Navy (Serbo-Croatian: Kraljevska Jugoslovenska Ratna Mornarica, KJRM) was small, with its largest ships being an obsolete former German light cruiser (used as a gunnery training ship),^[43] one destroyer leader, and three smaller Beograd-class destroyers.^[44] The Chief of the Naval Staff was Captain Ivan Kern, and the personnel of the KJRM comprised 625 officers and 5,700 men in full-time service, with another 400 officers and 720 men in the reserve.^[45] The KJRM was organised into Riverine and Lake Forces, the Maritime Air Force, Coastal Defence Command, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Torpedo Divisions, the Submarine Division, and a grouping of miscellaneous and training vessels.^[46]

Riverine and Lake Forces

The Riverine and Lake Forces of the KJRM were headquartered on the Danube river in Novi Sad, and were organised into the River Flotilla and three Lake Detachments.^[47] Each division of the River Flotilla except the Monitor Division included one or more mobilised customs motorboats.^[48]

River Flotilla^[48]
Division	Ship/vessel name	Type	Origin/notes
Monitor Division HQ: Dubovac	Vardar	river monitor	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor Bosna^[49]^[50]
Monitor Division HQ: Dubovac	Sava	river monitor	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor Bodrog^[49]^[51]
1st Mine Barrage Division HQ: Bezdan	Drava	river monitor	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor Enns^[49]^[51]
	Šabac	river tugboat	—
	—	river minelayer	—
	—	river minelayer	—
	—	river transport	—
2nd Mine Barrage Division HQ: Stara Kanjiža	Morava	river monitor	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor Körös^[49]^[50]
	R-XXI	river tugboat	—
	Senta	river transport	—
3rd Mine Barrage Division HQ: Sremski Karlovci	Sisak	river tugboat	—
	—	river mine-layer	—
	—	river mine-layer	—
	—	river transport	—
4th Mine Barrage Division HQ: Smederevo	Raška	river tugboat	—
	—	river mine-layer	—
	—	river mine-layer	—
	—	river transport	—
5th Mine Barrage Division HQ: Erdut	Tanasko Rajić	river tugboat	—
	—	river mine-layer	—
	—	river mine-layer	—
	—	river transport	—
Iron Gates Division HQ: Donji Milanovac	Kumanovo^{[lower-alpha 23]}	river tugboat	—
	Vitez^{[lower-alpha 24]}	river tugboat	—
	—	river transport	—
	—	river transport	—
	—	river transport	—
	—	river transport	—

The Lake Ohrid Detachment was based at Ohrid and consisted of two river gunboats, the Graničar and Stražar and one or more mobilised customs motorboats. The Lake Prespa Detachment was based at Asamati, and it is unclear where the Lake Skadar Detachment was based. Both of the latter detachments consisted of one or more mobilised customs motorboats.^[47]

Maritime Air Force

The Maritime Air Force was headquartered at Kaštel Lukšić near Split, and consisted of the 2nd and 3rd Hydroplane Commands each of regimental strength.^[32]^{[lower-alpha 25]}

Maritime Air Force
Command	Group	Squadron	Location	Aircraft
2nd Hydroplane Command HQ: Divulje	3rd Hydroplane Group	5th Hydroplane Squadron	Tijesno	5 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H reconnaissance floatplanes 1 × Ikarus ŠM biplane floatplane
	3rd Hydroplane Group	25th Hydroplane Squadron	Zlarin and Visovac	6 × Dornier Do 22Kj reconnaissance floatplanes 1 × Rogožarski PVT floatplane
	4th Hydroplane Group	26th Hydroplane Squadron	Krapanj	5 × Dornier Do J flying boats 1 × Ikarus ŠM biplane floatplane 1 × Rogožarski PVT floatplane
	4th Hydroplane Group	15th Hydroplane Squadron	Zlarin and Visovac	2 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H reconnaissance floatplanes 6–7 × Ikarus IO biplane flying boats 1 × Rogožarski SIM-ХH trainer
3rd Hydroplane Command HQ: Boka Kotorska	1st Hydroplane Group	1st Hydroplane Squadron	Krtole	5 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H reconnaissance floatplanes 1 × Ikarus ŠM biplane floatplane
	1st Hydroplane Group	11th Hydroplane Squadron^{[lower-alpha 26]}	Risan	2–3 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H reconnaissance floatplanes 1 × Heinkel HE 8 reconnaissance floatplane
	2nd Hydroplane Group	20th Hydroplane Squadron	Orahovac	6 × Dornier Do 22Kj reconnaissance floatplanes
		21st Hydroplane Squadron^{[lower-alpha 27]}	Dobrota	5 × Dornier Do J flying boats 1 × Dornier D floatplane torpedo bomber 2 × Rogožarski PVT floatplanes
		Training Squadron^{[lower-alpha 28]}	Trogir	1 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H reconnaissance floatplane 1 × Rogožarski PVT floatplanes 2 × Ikarus IO biplane flying boats 1–2 × Rogožarski SIM-XI trainers 1 × de Havilland DH.60 Moth trainer several Ikarus ŠM biplane floatplanes

Maritime aircraft types
Model	Number	Origin/notes
Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H	15–16	Yugoslavia
Ikarus ŠM	3	Yugoslavia
Dornier Do 22kJ	12	Germany
Rogožarski PVT	5	Yugoslavia
Dornier Do J	10	Germany
Ikarus IO	8–9	Yugoslavia
Rogožarski SIM-ХH	1	Yugoslavia
Heinkel HE 8	1	Germany
Dornier D	1	Germany
Rogožarski SIM-XI	1–2	Yugoslavia
de Havilland DH.60 Moth	1	United Kingdom

Coastal Defence Command

The Coastal Defence Command of the KJRM was organised into three sectors along the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia.^[53]

Coastal Defence Command
Sector	Ship/vessel name	Type	Origin/notes
Northern HQ: Selce	Malinska	mining tender	Austria-Hungary^[54]^[55]
Northern HQ: Selce	Silni	patrol craft tender	unknown
Central HQ: Šibenik	Spasilac	salvage ship	Weimar Republic^[56]
	Lovćen	water tanker	unknown
	Labud	minesweeper	German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M106^[57]
	Kobac	minelayer	German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M121^[49]^[54]
	Mosor	mining tender	Austria-Hungary^[54]^[55]
	Marjan	mining tender	Austria-Hungary^[54]^[55]
Southern HQ: Kotor	T1	torpedo boat	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class T-group torpedo boat 76T^[49]^[54]
	T3	torpedo boat	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class T-group torpedo boat 78T^[49]^[54]
	Jastreb	minelayer	German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M112^[49]^[54]
	Galeb	minelayer	German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M100^[49]^[54]
	Mljet	mining tender	Austria-Hungary^[54]^[55]
	Meljine	mining tender	Austria-Hungary^[54]^[55]
	D2	training boat	unknown
	Jadran	sail training ship	Weimar Republic
	Jaki	miscellaneous auxiliary	unknown
	Vila	small converted yacht	unknown

Torpedo Divisions

The 1st Torpedo Division consisted of the destroyer leader Dubrovnik and the three Beograd-class destroyers and was based at Kotor. The 2nd and 3rd Torpedo Division consisted of torpedo boats, and were both based at Šibenik.^[46]

Torpedo Divisions
Division	Ship/vessel name	Type	Origin/notes
1st HQ: Kotor	Dubrovnik	destroyer leader	United Kingdom^[44]
	Beograd	destroyer	France Beograd-class destroyer^[49]^[58]
	Zagreb	destroyer	Yugoslavia Beograd-class destroyer^[49]^[58]
	Ljubljana	destroyer	Yugoslavia Beograd-class destroyer^[49]^[58]
2nd HQ: Šibenik	Velebit	torpedo boat	Nazi Germany Orjen-class torpedo boat^[59]
	Rudnik	torpedo boat	Nazi Germany Orjen-class torpedo boat^[59]
	Kajmakčalan	torpedo boat	Nazi Germany Orjen-class torpedo boat^[59]
	Durmitor	torpedo boat	Nazi Germany Orjen-class torpedo boat^[59]
	Dinara	torpedo boat	Nazi Germany Orjen-class torpedo boat^[59]
	Triglav	torpedo boat	Nazi Germany Orjen-class torpedo boat^[59]
	Suvobor	torpedo boat	Nazi Germany Orjen-class torpedo boat^[59]
	Orjen	torpedo boat	Nazi Germany Orjen-class torpedo boat^[59]
	Četnik	torpedo boat	United Kingdom Četnik-class torpedo boat^[60]
	Uskok	torpedo boat	United Kingdom Četnik-class torpedo boat^[60]
3rd HQ: Šibenik	T7	torpedo boat	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class F-group torpedo boat 96F^[54]^[49]
	T5	torpedo boat	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class F-group torpedo boat 87F^[54]^[49]
	T6	torpedo boat	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class F-group torpedo boat 93F^[54]^[49]
	T8	torpedo boat	Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class F-group torpedo boat 97F^[54]^[49]

Submarine Division

The Submarine Division was based in Kotor, and consisted of the submarine tender Hvar and four ageing submarines of British or French manufacture.^[46]^[54]^[55]^[61]

Submarine Division
Ship/vessel	Type	Origin/notes
Hvar	submarine tender	United Kingdom^[62]
Hrabri	submarine	United Kingdom Hrabri-class submarine
Nebojša	submarine	United Kingdom Hrabri-class submarine
Osvetnik	submarine	France Osvetnik-class submarine
Smeli	submarine	France Osvetnik-class submarine

Miscellaneous vessels

The KJRM included several miscellaneous vessels that were not allocated to a particular division. They included the gunnery training ship Dalmacija, the gunboat Beli Orao and the converted seaplane tender/minelayer Zmaj.^[46]^{[lower-alpha 29]}

Miscellaneous vessels
Ship/vessel	Type	Location	Origin/notes
Dalmacija	light cruiser	Kotor	German Empire former SMS Niobe, Dalmacija was obsolete and being used as a gunnery training ship^[54]
Beli Orao	gunboat	Kotor	Italy Royal yacht/escort^[54]^[55]
Zmaj	minelayer	Šibenik	Weimar Republic converted seaplane tender^[54]
Perun	oil tanker	Kotor	Belgium^[63]
Gavran	minelayer	unknown	German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M106^[49]^[54]
Orao	minelayer	unknown	German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M97^[49]^[54]
Sokol	minelayer	unknown	German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M114^[49]^[54]

Vessels in service with the Royal Yugoslav Navy

one larger naval ship moored alongside two small ships with mountains in the background

The light cruiser and gunnery training ship Dalmacija and the mining tenders Mljet and Meljine docked at the Bay of Kotor

two naval ships moored alongside each other with mountains in the background

The destroyers Dubrovnik (left) and Beograd after their capture by Italy

Notes

↑ Armijski đeneral was equivalent to a United States lieutenant general.^[1]
↑ There are significant differences between sources on the components of Royal Yugoslav Army formations, so Niehorster, being the most recent source, has been used to ensure consistency throughout, except where it diverges from Terzić, a comprehensive Yugoslav source.
↑ According to Barefield, the majority of the 1st Cavalry Division constituted an Army Group reserve,^[14] and was located in the Zagreb area.^[10]
↑ According to Niehorster, Mountain Detachment Triglavski consisted of two mountain infantry regiments and a mountain artillery battalion,^[12] but Terzić states it consisted of one mountain infantry regiment and a mountain artillery battalion.^[16]
↑ According to Niehorster, Mountain Detachment Rišnajaski consisted of two mountain infantry regiments and a mountain artillery battalion,^[12] but Terzić states it consisted of one mountain infantry regiment and a mountain artillery battalion.^[16]
↑ Detachment Savski consisted of the 1st Guards Infantry Regiment, the Guards Artillery Regiment and two motorised heavy artillery regiments.^[25]
↑ Detachment Banatiski consisted of the 4th Infantry Regiment, the 8th Cavalry Regiment (horse), 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment (horse), 2nd Guards Cavalry Regiment (horse), the horse-drawn Guards Artillery Battalion, and one artillery battalion.^[25]
↑ Boka Kotorska Command was commanded by Brigadni General (Brigadier) Vojislav Kuzmanović, and consisted of three fortress infantry regiments.^[26]
↑ Šibenik Command was a fortress infantry formation of brigade-strength.^[26]
↑ The 1st Tank Battalion was equipped with 48 Renault FT and Renault NC27 light tanks and 8 Škoda S-1d light tanks.^[6]
↑ The 2nd Tank Battalion was being formed with Renault R35 light tanks.^[6]
↑ Any differences with Niehorster, being a more recent but general source, have been identified in the text or through the use of notes.
↑ Two Avia BH-33Es were detached to Podgorica.^[30]
↑ Aircraft types are consistent between Shores, Cull and Malizia,^[30] and Niehorster.^[31] Aircraft numbers are only provided by Niehorster.^[31]
↑ The aircraft types and numbers for the Transport Group are only provided by Niehorster.^[31]
↑ The aircraft types and numbers for the Air Training School are only provided by Niehorster.^[31] Shores, Cull and Malizia specify that there were ten training units, some of which were incorporated into operational regiments, with some being independent units. They state that they were equipped with Breguet 19s, Potez 25s and Caproni Ca.310 aircraft, and a large number of basic training aircraft of Yugoslav origin, but including some German Bücker Bü 131s.^[32]
↑ Shores, Cull and Malizia,^[34] specify Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft and Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft, Niehorster specifies Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters instead of Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft.^[35]
↑ Neither Shores, Cull and Malizia,^[34] or Niehorster.^[37] specify aircraft numbers
↑ Neither Shores, Cull and Malizia,^[38] or Niehorster.^[39] specify aircraft numbers
↑ Niehorster specifies that the 61st Bomber Group included 2 × Breguet 19 reconnaissance aircraft and 1 × Bücker Bü 131 biplane trainer aircraft.^[41]
↑ Niehorster specifies that the 62nd Bomber Group included 2 × Breguet 19 reconnaissance aircraft and 1 × Bücker Bü 131 biplane trainer aircraft.^[41]
↑ Neither Shores, Cull and Malizia,^[40] or Niehorster^[41] specify aircraft numbers
↑ The Kumanovo and two river transports formed the Juc Canal Group.^[48]
↑ The Vitez and two river transports formed the Sipski Canal Group.^[48]
↑ Shores, Cull and Malizia specify two Hydroplane Commands, while Niehorster states there were three. Niehorster includes the Vodice-based 1st Hydroplane Command consisting of the 12th Hydroplane Group (12 × Ikarus IO biplane flying boats).^[52]
↑ Shores, Cull and Malizia state that the 11th Hydroplane Squadron included 8–10 elderly training aircraft.^[32]
↑ Shores, Cull and Malizia state that the 21st Hydroplane Squadron included a "Fleet" aircraft, but it is unclear what type they are referring to.^[32]
↑ Shores, Cull and Malizia state that the Training Squadron included a "Fleet" aircraft, but it is unclear what type they are referring to.^[32]
↑ Niehorster does not list the minelayers Gavran, Orao and Sokol, but both Willmott and Chesneau list them as active in the KJRM at the time of the invasion, so they have been included here for completeness.^[49]^[54]

Footnotes

↑ Niehorster 2013v.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Niehorster 2013a.
↑ Tomasevich 1975, p. 56.
1 2 Zajac 1993, p. 47.
↑ Tomasevich 1975, pp. 58–59.
1 2 3 4 Niehorster 2013k.
↑ Barefield 1993, pp. 49–54.
↑ Anic 2002, p. 31.
1 2 3 Niehorster 2013b.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 U.S. Army 1986, p. 37.
↑ Loi 1978, p. 43.
1 2 3 4 5 Niehorster 2013c.
↑ U.S. Army 1986, pp. 36–37.
1 2 3 Barefield 1993, p. 53.
↑ Barefield 1993, pp. 52–53.
1 2 Terzić 1982, p. 164.
1 2 3 Niehorster 2013d.
1 2 3 Niehorster 2013e.
1 2 3 Niehorster 2013f.
1 2 3 Niehorster 2013g.
↑ Geografski institut JNA 1952.
1 2 3 Barefield 1993, p. 54.
1 2 Barefield 1993, pp. 53–54.
1 2 3 Niehorster 2013h.
1 2 3 4 5 Niehorster 2013i.
1 2 3 4 Niehorster 2013j.
↑ Tomasevich 1975, p. 59.
1 2 Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 173.
↑ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, pp. 187–192.
1 2 3 Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 187.
1 2 3 4 5 Niehorster 2013l.
1 2 3 4 5 Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 191.
↑ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, pp. 187–188.
1 2 Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 188.
↑ Niehorster 2013m.
↑ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, pp. 188–189.
↑ Niehorster 2013n.
1 2 Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 189.
↑ Niehorster 2013o.
1 2 Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 190.
1 2 3 Niehorster 2013p.
↑ Savić & Ciglić 2002, p. 9.
↑ Willmott 2010, pp. 310–311.
1 2 Zajac 1993, p. 48.
↑ Jane's Information Group 1989, p. 313.
1 2 3 4 Niehorster 2013q.
1 2 Niehorster 2013r.
1 2 3 4 Niehorster 2013s.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Chesneau 1980, p. 357.
1 2 Willmott 2010, p. 310.
1 2 Jane's Information Group 1989, p. 315.
↑ Niehorster 2013t.
↑ Niehorster 2013u.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Willmott 2010, p. 311.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chesneau 1980, p. 358.
↑ Haworth 2006a.
↑ Haworth 2006b.
1 2 3 Brescia 2012, p. 134.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Chesneau 1980, p. 359.
1 2 Chesneau 1980, pp. 358–359.
↑ Akermann 2002, p. 168.
↑ Haworth 2006c.
↑ Haworth 2006d.

References

Books

Akermann, Paul (2002). Encyclopedia of British Submarines 1901–1955. Penzance, Cornwall: Periscope Publishing. ISBN 978-0-907771-42-5.
Anic, Nikola (2002). Njemačka vojska u Hrvatskoj 1941–1945 [The German Army in Croatia 1941–1945] (in Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Hrvatski institut za povijest (Croatian Institute of History). ISBN 978-953-6491-77-3.
Brescia, Maurizio (2012). Mussolini's Navy. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59114-544-8.
Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships, 1922–1946. London, England: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-146-5.
Geografski institut JNA (1952). "Napad na Jugoslaviju 6 Aprila 1941 godine" [The Attack on Yugoslavia of 6 April 1941]. Istorijski atlas oslobodilačkog rata naroda Jugoslavije [Historical Atlas of the Yugoslav Peoples Liberation War]. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojnoistorijskog instituta JNA [Military History Institute of the JNA].
Jane's Information Group (1989) [1946/47]. Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. London, England: Studio Editions. ISBN 978-1-85170-194-0.
Loi, Salvatore (1978). Le operazioni delle unità italiane in Jugoslavia (1941–1943): narrazione, documenti [The operations of Italian units in Yugoslavia (1941–1943): narrative, documents] (in Italian). Rome, Italy: Ministero della difesa (Ministry of Defence). OCLC 9194926.
Savić, Dragan; Ciglić, Boris (2002). Croatian Aces of World War 2. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-435-1.
Shores, Christopher F.; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (1987). Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete, 1940–41. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-07-6.
Terzić, Velimir (1982). Slom Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1941 : uzroci i posledice poraza [The Collapse of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941: Causes and Consequences of Defeat] (in Serbo-Croatian) 2. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Narodna knjiga. OCLC 10276738.
Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9.
Willmott, H.P. (2010). The Last Century of Sea Power: From Washington to Tokyo, 1922–1945. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35214-9.
U.S. Army (1986) [1953]. The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 16940402. CMH Pub 104-4.

Papers

Barefield, Michael R. (May 1993). "Overwhelming Force, Indecisive Victory: The German Invasion of Yugoslavia, 1941". Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College. OCLC 32251055.
Zajac, Daniel L. (May 1993). "The German Invasion of Yugoslavia: Insights For Crisis Action Planning And Operational Art in A Combined Environment" (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College. OCLC 32251097.

Websites

Haworth, R.B. (2006a). "Spasilac". Miramar Ship Index. New Zealand: R.B. Haworth. 6109036. Retrieved 10 April 2015. (subscription required (help)).
Haworth, R.B. (2006b). "Labud". Miramar Ship Index. New Zealand: R.B. Haworth. 6108024. Retrieved 10 April 2015. (subscription required (help)).
Haworth, R.B. (2006c). "Hvar". Miramar Ship Index. New Zealand: R.B. Haworth. 1105810. Retrieved 10 April 2015. (subscription required (help)).
Haworth, R.B. (2006d). "Perun". Miramar Ship Index. New Zealand: R.B. Haworth. 6110884. Retrieved 11 April 2015. (subscription required (help)).
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013a). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013b). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army 4th Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013c). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army 7th Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013d). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army 1st Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013e). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army 2nd Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013f). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army 3rd Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013g). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army 3rd Territorial Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013h). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army 5th Independent Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013i). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army 6th Independent Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013j). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army Coastal Defense Army 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013k). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Army GHQ Direct 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013l). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Air Force 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013m). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Air Force 1st Fighter Wing 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013n). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Air Force 2nd Mixed Air Wing 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013o). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Air Force 3rd Mixed Air Wing 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013p). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Air Force 4th Bomber Wing 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013q). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Navy 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013r). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Navy Riverine and Lake Forces 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013s). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Navy River Flotilla 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013t). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Navy Maritime Air Force 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013u). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Navy Coastal Defense Command 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013v). "Royal Yugoslav Armed Forces Ranks". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 24 May 2014.

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