Yvette Guilbert

Yvette Guilbert

Yvette Guilbert in 1913
Born Emma Laure Esther Guilbert
(1865-01-20)20 January 1865
Paris, France
Died 3 February 1944(1944-02-03) (aged 79)
Resting place Père Lachaise Cemetery
Occupation Cabaret singer, actress on stage and in silent films
Known for Belle Époque diseuse, innovator of the French chanson, subject of portraits by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Awards Awarded the Legion of Honor as the Ambassadress of French Song, 9 July 1932

Yvette Guilbert (French pronunciation: ​[ivɛt gilbɛʁ]; 20 January 1865 in Paris – 3 February 1944 in Aix-en-Provence) was a French cabaret singer and actress of the Belle Époque.

Biography

Born into a poor family as Emma Laure Esther Guilbert, Guilbert began singing as a child but at age sixteen worked as a model at the Printemps department store in Paris. She was discovered by a journalist. She took voice and acting lessons on the side that by 1886 led to appearances on stage at smaller venues. Guilbert debuted at the Variette Theatre in 1888. She eventually sang at the popular Eldorado club, then at the Jardin de Paris before headlining in Montmartre at the Moulin Rouge in 1890. The English painter William Rothenstein described this performance in his first volume of memoirs:

Yvette Guilbert, by Théophile Steinlen
"One evening Lautrec came up to the rue Ravignan to tell us about a new singer, a friend of Xanrof, who was to appear at the Moulin Rouge for the first time... We went; a young girl appeared, of virginal aspect, slender, pale, without rouge. Her songs were not virginal – on the contrary; but the frequenters of the Moulin were not easily frightened; they stared bewildered at this novel association of innocence with Xanrof's horrific double entente; stared, stayed and broke into delighted applause."[1]

For her act, she was usually dressed in bright yellow with long black gloves and stood almost perfectly still, gesturing with her long arms as she sang. An innovator, she favored monologue-like "patter songs" (as they came to be called) and was often billed as a "diseuse" or "sayer." The lyrics (some of them her own) were raunchy; their subjects were tragedy, lost love, and the Parisian poverty from which she had come. During the 1890s she appeared regularly alongside another star of the time, Kam-Hill, often singing songs by Tarride.[2] Taking her cue from the new cabaret performances, Guilbert broke and rewrote all the rules of music-hall with her audacious lyrics, and the audiences loved her. She was noted in France, England, and the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century for her songs and imitations of the common people of France.

She was a favorite subject of artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, who made many portraits and caricatures of Guilbert and dedicated his second album of sketches to her. Sigmund Freud attended performances, including one in Vienna, and called her a favorite singer. George Bernard Shaw wrote a review highlighting her novelty. The reviews were not all positive. The playwright and songwriter Maurice Lefèvre said of her,

Let's enter the Chanson Moderne. There she is! Long leech, sexless! She crawls, creeps with hissings, leaving behind the moiré trail of her drool... On both sides of the boneless body hang, like pitiful wrecks, tentacles in funereal gloves. For she will, indeed, lead the burial of our Latin race. Complete negation of our genius... Poor little Chanson, faithful mirror in which men reflect themselves, are you responsible for their hideousness?"[3]

In 1895 she married Dr M. Schiller.[4] Guilbert made successful tours of England and Germany, and the United States in 1895–1896. She performed at Carnegie Hall in New York City. Even in her fifties, her name still had drawing power and she appeared in several silent films (including a star turn in F. W. Murnau's Faust). She also appeared in talkies, including a role with friend, Sacha Guitry. Her recordings for La Voix de Son Maitre include the famous "Le Fiacre" as well as some of her own compositions such as "Madame Arthur." She accompanied herself on piano for some numbers.

She once gave a performance for the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, at a private party on the French Riviera. Hostesses vied to have her at their parties.

In later years, Guilbert turned to writing about the Belle Époque and in 1902 two of her novels (La Vedette and Les Demi-vieilles) were published.[4] In the 1920s there appeared her instructional book L'art de chanter une chanson (How to Sing a Song). She also conducted schools for young girls in New York and Paris.

Guilbert became a respected authority on her country's medieval folklore and on 9 July 1932 was awarded the Legion of Honor as the Ambassadress of French Song.

Yvette Guilbert died in 1944, aged 79. She was interred in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.[5]

Twenty years later her biography, That Was Yvette: The Biography of a Great Diseuse by Bettina Knapp and Myra Chipman (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964) was released.

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ W. Rothenstein, Men and Memories, Vol 1, pp 65–66
  2. ↑ Du Temps des cerises aux Feuilles mortes (French chanson from the end of the 2nd Empire to the 1950s website
  3. ↑ Fulcher, Jane F. (2011-09-29). The Oxford Handbook of the New Cultural History of Music. Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-19-534186-7. Retrieved 2014-02-04.
  4. 1 2  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Guilbert, Yvette". Encyclopædia Britannica 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  5. ↑ "Yyette Guilbert, Singer, Dies at 79. Paris Shopgirl Won Success On Stage with Folksongs. Visited U. S. in 1895–96.". New York Times. 4 February 1944. Retrieved 24 July 2009.

External links

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