Zafer Hanım

Zafer Hanım was the first Turkish novelist, writing one novel. (Hanım is actually a title meaning "lady"). Her birth and death dates are unknown. According to contemporaneous writer Mehmet Zihni, she was a member of Fuat Pasha's family.^[1] Her husband was Kabuli Pasha, who died before Zafer Hanım wrote her novel.

Zafer Hanım published her novel, named Aşk-ı Vatan (Love of Motherland), in 1877. It is about two slave girls (Turkish: cariye) named Gülbeyaz and Refia, who were Spaniards. According to Mehmet Zihni, the literary form of the novel was narration rather than fiction. Probably it was a narration of the true life story of two girls living in Laz Ahmet Pasha's house.^[2]

Zafer Hanım's long forgotten novel was unearthed by Zehra Toska of Boğaziçi University, who published the novel in 1994 (Oğlak Yayınları Publishing Co.).^[3]

Until recently Fatma Aliye, who wrote her first novel 14 years later than Zafer Hanım, was considered to be the first Turkish woman novelist. Now the critics disagree on who should be considered the first woman novelist. Since Zafer Hanım wrote only one novel, some critics still give priority to Fatma Aliye.^[4]

References

Turkish literature

Folk	Aşık Mahzuni Şerif Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu Dadaloğlu Erzurumlu Emrah Gevheri Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Karacaoğlan Kaygusuz Abdal Nasreddin Neşet Ertaş Pir Sultan Abdal Seyrani Yunus Emre

Medieval and Ottoman	Sultan Veled Imadaddin Nasimi Fuzûlî Bâkî Mihri Hatun Sehi Bey İsa Necati Tadjizade Dja'fer Çelebi Prizrenli Suzi Çelebi Mesihi Yahya bey Dukagjini Nef'i Nedîm Şeyh Gâlib Evliya Çelebi Katip Çelebi K̲h̲ayālī Mehmed Bey Ahdi of Baghdad Latifî Riyazi Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi Fitnat Hanım Ali Çelebi Aşık Çelebi Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi Ziya Pasha Şemsettin Sami Namık Kemal Zafer Hanım Ahmed Midhat Efendi Tevfik Fikret Cenâb Şehâbeddîn Ömer Seyfettin Mehmet Emin Yurdakul Ali Canip Yöntem Mirza Habib Esfahani Muallim Naci Fatma Aliye Topuz

Republican era	Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil Ahmet Haşim Halide Edip Adıvar Reşat Nuri Güntekin Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu Mehmet Fuat Köprülü Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar Orhan Kemal Peyami Safa Murathan Mungan Orhan Hançerlioğlu Samim Kocagöz Semiha Ayverdi Tarık Buğra Yaşar Kemal Fakir Baykurt Bilge Karasu Oğuz Atay Tomris Uyar Ahmet Altan Orhan Pamuk Elif Şafak Memduh Şevket Esendal Kenan Hulusi Koray Sait Faik Abasıyanık Kemal Tahir Haldun Taner Aziz Nesin Suut Kemal Yetkin Sabahattin Ali Kemal Bilbaşar Cemil Meriç Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın Nurullah Ataç Behçet Necatigil Necati Cumalı Ayfer Tunç Yekta Kopan Ahmet Kutsi Tecer Şevket Süreyya Aydemir Mehmet Emin Yurdakul Ziya Gökalp Hüseyin Nihal Atsız Orhan Şaik Gökyay Orhan Veli Kanık Oktay Rıfat Horozcu Melih Cevdet Anday Nazım Hikmet Rıfat Ilgaz Cemal Süreya İlhan Berk Turgut Uyar Edip Cansever Ece Ayhan Çağlar Sezai Karakoç Tevfik Akdağ Ülkü Tamer Neyzen Tevfik Yahya Kemal Beyatlı Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar Orhan Seyfi Orhon Enis Behiç Koryürek Halit Fahri Ozansoy Yusuf Ziya Ortaç Muammer Lütfi Bakşi Necip Fazıl Kısakürek Vasfi Mahir Kocayürek Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil Cevdet Kudret Yaşar Nabi Nayır Ahmet Muhip Dıranas Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı Ziya Osman Saba Faik Baysal Salah Birsel Özdemir Asaf N. Abbas Sayar Can Yücel Attilâ İlhan Güven Turan İsmet Özel Cem Uzungüneş Mehmet Altun Mehmet Erte Küçük İskender Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca Yusuf Atılgan Murat Gülsoy Ayşe Kulin Yılmaz Onay

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