Zero Milestone

Zero Milestone, 1923. The surface seen in the photo is the monument's south face (see inscription below)

The Zero Milestone is a zero mile marker monument in Washington, D.C. intended as the initial milestone from which all road distances in the United States should be reckoned when it was built. At present, only roads in the Washington, D.C. area have distances measured from it.

Location

The monument stands just south of the White House at the north edge of the Ellipse, within President's Park. Atop the monument is a bronze 16-point compass rose with a very small worn-down pyramid at its center whose top serves as a National Geodetic Survey benchmark (HV1847).^[1]

Coordinates: 38°53′42.38757″N 77°02′11.57375″W / 38.8951076583°N 77.0365482639°W / 38.8951076583; -77.0365482639Coordinates: 38°53′42.38757″N 77°02′11.57375″W / 38.8951076583°N 77.0365482639°W / 38.8951076583; -77.0365482639 (NAD83)^[2]
Altitude: 8.384 m (27.507 ft) (NAVD88)^[3]

Description

Designed by Washington architect Horace W. Peaslee, the monolith is about 2 feet square and about 4 feet high. It is made of precambrian Milford granite from Milford, Massachusetts, light pinkish to greenish gray, with spots of black biotite mica. The bronze disk on top of the milestone is "an adaptation from ancient portolan charts of the so-called wind roses or compass roses from the points of which extended radial lines to all parts of the then known world—the prototype of the modern mariner's compass." ^[4]

The monument has engravings on four surfaces:

North: ZERO MILESTONE
East: STARTING POINT OF SECOND TRANSCONTINENTAL MOTOR CONVOY OVER THE BANKHEAD HIGHWAY, JUNE 14, 1920
South: POINT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCES FROM WASHINGTON ON HIGHWAYS OF THE UNITED STATES
West: STARTING POINT OF FIRST TRANSCONTINENTAL MOTOR CONVOY OVER THE LINCOLN HIGHWAY, JULY 7, 1919

In addition, a "brass plate placed on the ground at the north base" shown below, contains the following inscription.^[4]

THE U.S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY DETERMINED THE LATITUDE, LONGITUDE AND ELEVATION OF THE ZERO MILESTONE AUTHORIZED BY ACT OF CONGRESS JUNE 5, 1920 DEDICATED JUNE 4, 1923

Zero Milestone. Inscription on brass plate embedded on ground near the monument.

History

In his plan for Washington, Pierre Charles L'Enfant intended a column to be placed 1 mile east of the Capitol, of which is now Lincoln Park, "from which all distances of places through the continent were to be calculated." Instead, in 1804, the Jefferson Stone or Jefferson Pier was placed on the meridian of the White House due west of the Capitol (119 m WNW of the center of the Washington Monument) to mark the Washington meridian, 77° 02' 12.0".

The current Zero Milestone monument was conceived by Good Roads Movement advocate Dr. S. M. Johnson, formally proposed on June 7, 1919. He was inspired by ancient Rome's Golden Milestone located in the Forum. On July 7, 1919, a temporary marker for the Zero Milestone was dedicated on the Ellipse south of the White House during ceremonies launching the Army's first attempt to send a convoy of military vehicles across the country to San Francisco, California. On June 5, 1920, Congress authorized the Secretary of War to erect the current monument, design to be approved by the Commission of Fine Arts and installed at no expense to the government. Dr. Johnson took charge of the details and raised donations for the design and construction. The permanent Zero Milestone was dedicated in a ceremony on June 4, 1923.^[4]

References

↑ "Washington Monument GPS Height Modernization Project". National Geodetic Survey.
↑ Zero Milestone HV1847 NGS Data Sheet
↑ "GPS on Benchmarks". National Geodetic Survey.
1 2 3 Richard F. Weingroff. "Zero Milestone – Washington, DC". U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved 2009-04-04.

External links

Landmarks of Washington, D.C.

Memorials	Adams African American Civil War Air Force Boy Scout James Buchanan Signers of the Declaration of Independence D.C. War Albert Einstein Emancipation John Ericsson The Extra Mile First Division James A. Garfield Ulysses S. Grant Holocaust Museum Holodomor Genocide Memorial Jefferson Memorial John Paul Jones Korean War Veterans Law Enforcement Officers Lincoln Memorial Lyndon Baines Johnson Grove Japanese-American Patriotism in World War II Martin Luther King, Jr. George Mason George Meade Navy Navy - Merchant Marine Peace Monument Pentagon Second Division Sewall-Belmont House and Museum Robert A. Taft The Three Soldiers Franklin Delano Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Island Taras Shevchenko Oscar Straus Titanic Veterans Disabled for Life Victims of Communism Vietnam Veterans Vietnam Women's Washington Monument Daniel Webster World War II

Planned	Adams Memorial Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial General Francis Marion Memorial Gold Star Mothers Monument National Desert Storm and Desert Shield War Memorial National Liberty Memorial Peace Corps Monument World War I

Former	Rainbow Pool

Other	U.S. Capitol Capitol Reflecting Pool Constitution Gardens Healy Hall Immaculate Conception Basilica Islamic Center Jefferson Pier Kennedy Center Library of Congress Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool Lincoln's Cottage at Soldiers' Home National Archives National Cathedral Smithsonian Institution Supreme Court Building White House Zero Milestone

Public art in Washington, D.C. (Outdoor sculpture, American Revolution Statuary, Civil War Monuments, commemorating African-Americans)

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