155–158 North Street, Brighton

155–158 North Street

The building from the west–southwest in 2010, before its refurbishment
Location 155–158 North Street, Brighton, Brighton and Hove BN1 1EA, United Kingdom
Coordinates 50°49′23″N 0°08′25″W / 50.8230°N 0.1403°W / 50.8230; -0.1403Coordinates: 50°49′23″N 0°08′25″W / 50.8230°N 0.1403°W / 50.8230; -0.1403
Built 1921–23
Built for National Provincial Bank
Restored 2010
Restored by J D Wetherspoon plc
Architect F.C.R Palmer and Clayton & Black (executant architects)
Architectural style(s) Louis XIV Neoclassical
Listed Building – Grade II
Official name: National Westminster Bank, 155–158 North Street
Designated 23 June 1994
Reference no. 1380621
Location within central Brighton

The building at 155–158 North Street in Brighton, part of the English coastal city of Brighton and Hove, was built between 1921 and 1923 as a branch of National Provincial Bank. It later became part of National Westminster Bank's network of branches after that bank acquired National Provincial. In 2011 it became J D Wetherspoon's second pub in central Brighton. One of many buildings by the prolific local architecture firm of Clayton & Black, whose work in various styles can be found across the city, it forms an important component of the range of banks, offices and commercial buildings on North Street—a significant commercial thoroughfare since the 18th century. In particular, the "good attention to detail"[1] shown throughout the building's Louis XIV-style façade has been praised. English Heritage has listed it at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.

History

Brighton (originally Brighthelmston) originated as a fishing village bounded by four streets named after the points of the compass. The land to the north, west and east was agricultural.[2] North Street lay on the main route towards London, and it thrived as the town grew in the 18th century: by 1800 it was the centre of commerce, lined with inns, shops and offices.[3] Many buildings on the north side were removed between 1874 and 1879 when the road was widened, and offices and banks were attracted to the area.[3][4] Large early 20th-century buildings included offices for the Prudential Association and the Royal Assurance Society and a branch of Midland Bank, and the north side of the street was soon "dominated" by such companies.[5][6]

National Provincial Bank, a major retail bank founded in 1833,[7] sought to open a branch in Brighton, and in 1921 they commissioned the Clayton & Black firm to work with their in-house architect F.C.R. Palmer to design a building on North Street at the corner of Bond Street. The site faced the Midland Bank branch of 1902.[1] Clayton & Black had nearly 50 years of experience in Brighton and neighbouring Hove, designing an eclectic range of buildings to serve a variety of functions.[8] Among other commissions, they were responsible for the Royal Assurance Society offices at 163 North Street.[9]

The building was completed in 1923,[1] and it was in use by National Provincial until the bank merged with the Westminster Bank in 1968 to form the National Westminster Bank.[7] The branch was rebranded with that identity.[6] From the 1990s, in response to changes in Government policy over alcohol licensing, many bank branches were sold for conversion into pubs and bars.[10] There was already a National Westminster Bank branch a short distance away, at the corner of North Street and Pavilion Buildings,[11] and 155–158 North Street was turned into a bar. By the early 21st century it operated under the name Saqqara.[12] A sports bar and nightclub called The Gentleman's Turf then occupied the building, and it was later acquired by the J D Wetherspoon chain, which was granted permission by the city council in July 2010 to convert it into a pub.[13][14] The Post & Telegraph opened on 21 December 2010. It is a short distance from the group's Bright Helm pub, and as of 2016 is one of four Wetherspoon outlets in the city of Brighton and Hove.[15]

Heritage

Under the name National Westminster Bank, 155–158 North Street was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 23 June 1994.[16] This status is given to "nationally important buildings of special interest".[17] As of February 2001, it was one of 1,124 Grade II-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove.[18]

The building is within the North Laine Conservation Area,[19] one of 34 conservation areas in the city of Brighton and Hove.[20] This was designated by Brighton Council in 1977 and covers 41.37 acres (16.74 ha).[21]

Architecture

The stone-built structure is in the Louis XVI style, a derivative of Neoclassical architecture.[1][16] Elements of the Edwardian Baroque style, which Clayton & Black used in their 1904 commission at 163 North Street, have also been identified.[6] The building has been said to stand "glowering ... across the entrance to Bond Street"[6] at T.B. Whinney's Edwardian/Italianate Midland Bank branch of 1902.[1] The two-storey building has six windows facing North Street, a chamfered corner entrance bay and three windows to each floor facing Bond Street. There are dormer windows set into the slate-tiled mansard roof.[16] There are three entrances: two subsidiary doorways in the outermost bays, and an elaborate arrangement in the corner bay consisting of straight-headed double doors decorated with zodiac-themed reliefs,[1] set in an architrave with a cornice supported on corbels, below which is an escutcheon with a bas-relief coat of arms. Above the cornice and its entablature is a lavishly decorated Diocletian window surrounded by carved swags with a female face forming the centrepiece on top of the keystone.[16] The whole of the ground floor is rusticated, including the concave, heavily recessed window surrounds in which tall round-arched windows are set. These windows have intricately carved keystones.[1] A wide entablature forms separates the ground and first floors; above it, the windows are straight-headed and set below architraves with decorative keystones. Between each window is a slightly projecting panel. At the top of the building, a parapet runs around the whole building in front of the roof; it has balustraded sections in front of each dormer window.[16] The dormers have distinctive architraves.[1][16]

Notes

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Antram & Morrice 2008, p. 164.
  2. ↑ Antram & Morrice 2008, p. 4.
  3. 1 2 Collis 2010, p. 219.
  4. ↑ Antram & Morrice 2008, p. 163.
  5. ↑ Collis 2010, pp. 219–220.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Brighton Polytechnic. School of Architecture and Interior Design 1987, p. 56.
  7. 1 2 "About Us". National Westminster Bank. 2008. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  8. ↑ Antram & Morrice 2008, p. 23.
  9. ↑ Antram & Morrice 2008, p. 165.
  10. ↑ Bowers, Simon (2 December 2011). "Sale to Heineken ends RBS's role as one of UK's biggest pub landlords". The Guardian (Guardian News and Media). Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  11. ↑ Antram & Morrice 2008, p. 167.
  12. ↑ "The Saqqara (CLOSED)". MyVillage.com website. TPG Web Publishing Ltd. 2011. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  13. ↑ Charity, Paul (20 December 2010). "Wetherspoon opens fourth site in Brighton & Hove". The Publican's Morning Advertiser (William Reed Business Media Ltd). Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  14. ↑ Vowles, Neil (8 July 2010). "Brighton gets a new JD Wetherspoon pub". The Argus (Newsquest Media Group). Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  15. ↑ "The Post & Telegraph". J D Wetherspoon plc. 2009–2013. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Historic England. "National Westminster Bank, Nos. 155–158 (Consecutive) North Street (North side), The City of Brighton and Hove  (Grade II) (1380621)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  17. ↑ "Listed Buildings". English Heritage. 2012. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  18. ↑ "Images of England – Statistics by County (East Sussex)". Images of England. English Heritage. 2007. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  19. ↑ "Conservation Areas street directory – N". Brighton & Hove City Council. 2012. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  20. ↑ "Conservation Areas in Brighton & Hove". Brighton & Hove City Council (Design & Conservation Department). 2010. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  21. ↑ "North Laine Conservation Area". Brighton & Hove City Council. 2012. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.

Bibliography

  • Antram, Nicholas; Morrice, Richard (2008). Brighton and Hove. Pevsner Architectural Guides. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12661-7. 
  • Brighton Polytechnic. School of Architecture and Interior Design (1987). A Guide to the Buildings of Brighton. Macclesfield: McMillan Martin. ISBN 1-869865-03-0. 
  • Collis, Rose (2010). The New Encyclopaedia of Brighton. (based on the original by Tim Carder) (1st ed.). Brighton: Brighton & Hove Libraries. ISBN 978-0-9564664-0-2. 
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