1654

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century – 17th century – 18th century
Decades:	1620s  1630s  1640s  – 1650s –  1660s  1670s  1680s
Years:	1651 1652 1653 – 1654 – 1655 1656 1657

1654 by topic:

Arts and Science

Architecture - Art - Literature - Music - Science

Lists of leaders

Colonial governors - State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments - Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1654 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1654 MDCLIV
Ab urbe condita	2407
Armenian calendar	1103 ԹՎ ՌՃԳ
Assyrian calendar	6404
Bengali calendar	1061
Berber calendar	2604
English Regnal year	5 Cha. 2 – 6 Cha. 2 (Interregnum)
Buddhist calendar	2198
Burmese calendar	1016
Byzantine calendar	7162–7163
Chinese calendar	癸巳年 (Water Snake) 4350 or 4290     — to — 甲午年 (Wood Horse) 4351 or 4291
Coptic calendar	1370–1371
Discordian calendar	2820
Ethiopian calendar	1646–1647
Hebrew calendar	5414–5415
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1710–1711
- Shaka Samvat	1576–1577
- Kali Yuga	4755–4756
Holocene calendar	11654
Igbo calendar	654–655
Iranian calendar	1032–1033
Islamic calendar	1064–1065
Japanese calendar	Jōō 3 (承応３年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3987
Minguo calendar	258 before ROC 民前258年
Thai solar calendar	2196–2197

1654 (MDCLIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A) of the Julian calendar, the 1654th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 654th year of the 2nd millennium, the 54th year of the 17th century, and the 5th year of the 1650s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1654 is 10 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

January–June

• March 12–13 – The Treaty of Pereyaslav is concluded in the city of Pereyaslav during the meeting between the Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host and Tsar Alexey I of Russia, following the end to the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, which had started in 1648 and had resulted in the massacre of an estimated 100,000 Jews.
• April 5 – The Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War, is signed.^[1]
• April 11 – Anglo-Swedish alliance: A commercial treaty between England and Sweden is signed.^[1]

The original Magdeburg hemispheres and Guericke's vacuum pump in the Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany

• April 12 – Oliver Cromwell creates a union between England and Scotland, with Scottish representation in the Parliament of England.^[1]
• May 8 – Otto von Guericke demonstrates the power of atmospheric pressure and the effectiveness of his vacuum pump using the Magdeburg hemispheres before Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Imperial Diet in Regensburg.^[2]
• June 3 – Louis XIV of France is crowned at Reims.
• June 6 – Charles X Gustav succeeds his cousin Christina on the Swedish throne. After her abdication on the same day, Christina, now the former reigning queen of a Protestant nation, secretly converts to Catholicism.

July–December

• July – The Russian Army seizes Smolensk, and the Thirteen Years' War starts between Russia and Poland over Ukraine.
• July 10 – Peter Vowell and John Gerard are executed in London for plotting to assassinate Oliver Cromwell.
• August – Oliver Cromwell launches the 'Western Design', an English expedition to the Caribbean to counter Spanish commercial interests, effectively beginning the Anglo-Spanish War (which will last until after the English Restoration in 1660).^[3] The fleet leaves Portsmouth in late December.
• August 22 – Twenty-three Jewish refugees from Brazil settle in New Amsterdam, forming the nucleus of what will be the second largest urban Jewish community in history, that of New York City.^[4][5]
• September 3 – In England, the First Protectorate Parliament assembles.^[1]
• September 12 – Oliver Cromwell orders the exclusion of the members of Parliament who are hostile to him.
• October 12 – The Delft Explosion, in the arsenal, devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100, among whom is Carel Fabritius (32), the most promising student of Rembrandt.
• October 31 – Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria, is crowned. His absolutist style of leadership becomes a benchmark for the rest of Germany.
• November 23 – French mathematician, scientist, and religious philosopher Blaise Pascal experiences an intense mystical vision that marks him for life.

Births

• January 5 – Henry Poley, English politician (d. 1707)
• January 10 – Joshua Barnes, English scholar (d. 1712)
• January 10 – Giovanni Maria Gabrielli, Catholic cardinal (d. 1711)
• January 20 – Michiel de Swaen, Flemish poet (d. 1707)
• January 22 – Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (d. 1729)
• February 3 – Pietro Antonio Fiocco, Italian composer (d. 1714)
• February 12 – Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German princess (d. 1682)
• February 15 – Tsarevich Alexei Alexeyevich of Russia, son and heir of Tsar Alexis of Russia (d. 1670)
• February 22 – Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albemarle (d. 1734)
• March 6 – Andreas Acoluthus, Scholar (d. 1704)
• March 9 – Robert Leke, 3rd Earl of Scarsdale, English Earl and politician (d. 1707)
• March 10 – Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari, Italian painter (d. 1727)
• March 12 – Charles Egerton (MP for Brackley), English politician (d. 1717)
• March 12 – Giuseppe Passeri, Italian painter (d. 1714)
• March 12 – Jan Hoogsaat, Painter (d. 1730)
• March 12 – Frederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (d. 1716)
• March 16 – Andreas Acoluthus, German orientalist (d. 1704)
• March 28 – Sophie Amalie Moth, royal mistress of King Christian V of Denmark (d. 1719)
• March 28 – Joan de Cabanas, Occitan language writer (d. 1711)
• March 31 – Lorenzo Cozza, Catholic cardinal (d. 1729)
• April 8 – Peder Krog, Lutheran bishop (d. 1731)
• April 20 – John Backwell, English politician (d. 1708)
• April 27 – Charles Blount (deist), English deist and philosopher (d. 1693)
• April 30 – Robert Digby, 3rd Baron Digby, English peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1677)
• May 4 – Kangxi Emperor of Qing China (d. 1722)
• May 13 – Thomas Lennard, 1st Earl of Sussex, English cricketer (d. 1715)
• May 23 – Nicodemus Tessin the Younger, Swedish architect (d. 1728)
• May 28 – Thomas Handcock, Irish politician (d. 1726)
• June 4 – Jean-François Gerbillon, French Jesuit missionary active in China (d. 1707)
• June 23 – Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1709)
• June 23 – Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow, English politician (d. 1717)
• June 23 – Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels, Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst (d. 1724)
• June 24 – Thomas Fuller (writer), British physician (d. 1734)
• June 30 – Thomas Rice (1654), Massachusetts legislator (d. 1747)
• July 1 – Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme, French military commander (d. 1712)
• July 7 – Aoyama Tadashige, Daimyo (d. 1722)
• July 9 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (d. 1732)
• July 24 – Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury, English politician (d. 1709)
• July 25 – Agostino Steffani, Italian ecclesiastic, diplomat and composer (d. 1728)
• August 3 – Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1730)
• August 4 – Thomas Brodrick (1654–1730), Irish politician (d. 1730)
• August 10 – Bernard Nieuwentyt, Dutch mathematician and philosopher (d. 1718)
• August 15 – John Joseph of the Cross, Italian saint (d. 1739)
• August 23 – Anthony Morris (I), American politician (d. 1721)
• September 7 – François Pagi, French Franciscan historian of the Catholic Church (d. 1721)
• September 11 – William Handcock (1654–1701), Irish politician (d. 1701)
• September 16 – Philippe Avril (d. 1698)
• October 6 – Johan Peringskiöld, Swedish antiquarian (d. 1720)
• October 18 – John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1686)
• October 23 – Johann Bernhard Staudt, Austrian composer (d. 1712)
• October 26 – Giovanni Maria Lancisi, Italian physician (d. 1720)
• November 5 – Christian Liebe, German composer (d. 1708)
• November 7 – Sir John Delaval, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1729)
• November 9 – Christoph Weigel the Elder, Engraver (d. 1725)
• November 23 – George Watson (accountant), a Scottish accountant and the founder of George Watson's College in Edinburgh (d. 1723)
• November 23 – Jan van Kessel, junior, painter (d. 1708)
• November 27 – Friedrich von Canitz, German poet and diplomat (d. 1699)
• December 1 – John Hartstonge, Irish bishop (d. 1717)
• December 10 – Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole, Italian painter (d. 1719)
• December 13 – Robert Livingston the Elder, New York colonial official (d. 1728)
• December 15 – Johann Theodor Jablonski, German lexicographer (d. 1731)
• December 22 – Edmond Martène, French Benedictine historian and liturgist (d. 1739)
• December 27 – Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and scientist (d. 1705)
• December 30 – Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria, youngest surviving daughter of Ferdinand III (d. 1689)

Deaths

• January 17 – Paulus Potter, Dutch painter (b. 1625)
• February 18 – Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, French writer (b. 1594)
• March 24 – Samuel Scheidt, German composer (b. 1587)
• June 10 – Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1598)
• June 27 – Johannes Valentinus Andreae, German theologian (b. 1586)
• July 9 – Ferdinand IV of Germany (b. 1633)
• August 28 – Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden since 1612 (b. 1583)
• August 31 – Ole Worm, Danish physician and antiquary (b. 1588)
• September 7 – Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller, Bohemian rabbi and liturgical poet (b. 1579)
• October 12 – Carel Fabritius, Dutch artist (b. 1622)
• October 30 – Emperor Go-Komyo of Japan (b. 1633)
• November 30 – John Selden, English jurist (b. 1584)
• December 5 – Jean François Sarrazin, French writer
• date unknown – An Calbhach mac Aodha O Conchobhair Donn, the last inaugurated King of Connacht

References

1. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 266. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
2. "Guericke, Otto von". Encyclopædia Britannica 9 (11th ed.). The Encyclopaedia Britannica Co. 1910. p. 670.
3. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 185–186. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
4. "Jews arrive in the New World". American Jewish Archives. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
5. LeElef, Ner (2001). "World Jewish Population". SimpleToRemember. Retrieved 2012-07-10. Metropolitan Tel Aviv, with 2.5 million Jews, is the world's largest Jewish city. It is followed by New York, with 1.9 million.