1657

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century – 17th century – 18th century
Decades:	1620s  1630s  1640s  – 1650s –  1660s  1670s  1680s
Years:	1654 1655 1656 – 1657 – 1658 1659 1660

1657 by topic:

Arts and Science

Architecture - Art - Literature - Music - Science

Lists of leaders

Colonial governors - State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments - Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1657 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1657 MDCLVII
Ab urbe condita	2410
Armenian calendar	1106 ԹՎ ՌՃԶ
Assyrian calendar	6407
Bengali calendar	1064
Berber calendar	2607
English Regnal year	8 Cha. 2 – 9 Cha. 2 (Interregnum)
Buddhist calendar	2201
Burmese calendar	1019
Byzantine calendar	7165–7166
Chinese calendar	丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 4353 or 4293     — to — 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 4354 or 4294
Coptic calendar	1373–1374
Discordian calendar	2823
Ethiopian calendar	1649–1650
Hebrew calendar	5417–5418
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1713–1714
- Shaka Samvat	1579–1580
- Kali Yuga	4758–4759
Holocene calendar	11657
Igbo calendar	657–658
Iranian calendar	1035–1036
Islamic calendar	1067–1068
Japanese calendar	Meireki 3 (明暦３年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3990
Minguo calendar	255 before ROC 民前255年
Thai solar calendar	2199–2200

1657 (MDCLVII) was a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D) of the Julian calendar, the 1657th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 657th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 17th century, and the 8th year of the 1650s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1657 is 10 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

January–June

• January 8 – Miles Sindercombe and his group of disaffected Levellers are betrayed in their attempt to assassinate Oliver Cromwell by blowing up the Palace of Whitehall in London and arrested.^[1]
• February 4 – Oliver Cromwell gives Antonio Fernandez Carvajal the assurance of the right of Jews to remain in England.
• February 23 – In England, the Humble Petition and Advice offers Lord Protector Cromwell the crown.^[2]
• March 2 – The Great Fire of Meireki in Edo, Japan, destroys most of the city and damages Edo Castle, killing an estimated 100,000 people.^[3]
• March 23 – Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60): By the Treaty of Paris, France and England form an alliance against Spain;^[4] England will receive Dunkirk.
• April 20
  • Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: English Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish treasure fleet under heavy fire at Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
  • The Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York) are granted freedom of religion as full citizens.
• May 8 – Lord Protector Cromwell confirms his refusal of the crown of England, preferring the title "Lord Protector".^[1]
• June 1
  • Dano-Swedish War (1657–58): King Frederick III of Denmark signs a manifesto de facto declaring war on Sweden.
  • The first eleven Quaker settlers arrive in New Amsterdam (later New York) and are allowed to practice their faith.

July–December

• July 13 – Following his refusal to take the oath of allegiance to Oliver Cromwell, English army leader John Lambert is ordered to resign his commissions.^[1]
• August 20 – The ship Les Armes d'Amsterdam arrives at Quebec, New France. Among the passengers is Michel Mathieu Brunet dit Lestang (1638–1708), colonist, explorer and co-discoverer of what is today Green Bay, Wisconsin. He is the ancestor of the Brunet, Lestang and Carisse families of North America.
• September – Shah Jahan becomes ill, allowing his son to take control of the Mughal Empire.
• September 19 – Brandenburg and Poland sign the Treaty of Wehlau.
• September 24 – The first autopsy and coroner's jury verdict are recorded in the Colony of Maryland.
• October 1 – Treaty of Raalte: William III, Prince of Orange is no longer stadtholder of Overijssel.
• October 3 – French troops occupy Mardyck.
• November 6 – Brandenburg and Poland sign the Treaty of Bromberg.
• November 10 – Christina, former Queen of Sweden, has Gian Rinaldo Monaldeschi killed in her presence at the Palace of Fontainebleau.
• December 27 – The Flushing Remonstrance is signed in New Amsterdam at the site of the future (1862) Flushing Town Hall in New York.

Date unknown

• The Accademia del Cimento is founded in Florence, Italy.
• England's first chocolate house is opened in London.^[5]
• Coffee is introduced to France.
• Christiaan Huygens writes the first book to be published on probability theory, De ratiociniis in ludo aleae ("On Reasoning in Games of Chance").
• Andreas Gryphius' drama Katharina von Georgien is published.
• Thomas Middleton's tragedy Women Beware Women is published posthumously.^[4]

Births

• January 1 – Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth, illegitimate son of King Charles II (d. 1680)
• January 1 – Elizabeth van der Woude, Dutch writer (d. 1694)
• January 4 – Sébastien Rale, French missionary (d. 1724)
• January 6 – William Bowes, English politician (d. 1707)
• January 17 – Pieter van Bloemen, Italian painter (d. 1720)
• January 18 – Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Stadholder of Friesland and Groningen (d. 1696)
• January 21 – Francesco Cupani (d. 1710)
• January 26 – William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1737)
• January 29 – Francis Moore (astrologer), British physician and astrologer (d. 1123)
• February 10 – George Carpenter, 1st Baron Carpenter, British Army general (d. 1731)
• February 11 – Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, French scientist and man of letters (d. 1757)
• February 21 – Blaise Gisbert, French Jesuit rhetorician and critic (d. 1731)
• February 24 – Clopton Havers (d. 1702)
• March 1 – Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian (d. 1740)
• March 6 – Auguste Magdalene of Hessen-Darmstadt, German noblewoman and poet (d. 1674)
• March 18 – Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni, Italian composer (d. 1743)
• March 19 – Jean Leclerc (theologian), Swiss theologian and biblical scholar (d. 1736)
• March 20 – Luigi Omodei (1607–1685), Catholic cardinal (d. 1706)
• March 24 – Arai Hakuseki, Japanese politician and writer (d. 1725)
• April 16 – Thomas Fairfax, 5th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English politician (d. 1710)
• April 16 – Otto Friedrich von der Groeben, Prussian traveller, soldier and author (d. 1728)
• May 8 – Martino Altomonte, Italian painter (d. 1745)
• May 14 – Sambhaji, Maratha ruler (d. 1689)
• May 25 – Henri-Pons de Thiard de Bissy, Roman Catholic priest, bishop and cardinal (d. 1737)
• June 10 – James Craggs the Elder, English politician (d. 1721)
• June 14 – Sir William Blackett, 1st Baronet, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, English politician (d. 1705)
• June 17 – Louis Ellies Dupin, French ecclesiastical historian (d. 1719)
• July 8 – Abraham de Peyster, United States politician (d. 1728)
• July 11 – King Frederick I of Prussia (d. 1713)
• July 12 – Friedrich Wilhelm III, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (d. 1672)
• July 14 – William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven, English politician (d. 1728)
• July 18 – Simon Digby, 4th Baron Digby, English politician (d. 1686)
• July 24 – Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1712)
• July 24 – Jean Mathieu de Chazelles (d. 1710)
• July 25 – Philipp Heinrich Erlebach, German composer (d. 1714)
• August 7 – Henri Basnage de Beauval, Historian and lexicographer (d. 1710)
• August 9 – Pierre-Étienne Monnot, French artist (d. 1733)
• August 18 – Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian architect/painter (d. 1743)
• August 18 – Antonio Margil, Spanish Franciscan missionary in North and Central America (d. 1726)
• September 14 – Sir Charles Blois, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1738)
• September 17 – Pieter Schuyler, British colonial military leader, acting governor of New York (d. 1724)
• September 17 – Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia, regent of Russia (d. 1704)
• September 17 – Dudley Cullum, English politician and Baronet (d. 1720)
• September 21 – Sultan Muhammad Akbar, Mughal prince (d. 1704)
• September 27 – Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia, Russian tsarevna (d. 1704)
• September 29 – Heinrich of Saxe-Weissenfels, Count of Barby, German prince (d. 1728)
• October 2 – Guillaume Baudry, gunsmith and gold and silversmith in Lower Canada (d. 1732)
• October 4 – Francesco Solimena, Italian painter (d. 1747)
• October 8 – Wigerus Vitringa, Dutch painter (d. 1725)
• October 26 – Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt, German nobleman (d. 1690)
• November 6 – Joseph Denis (d. 1736)
• November 12 – Anna Dorothea, Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1704)
• November 16 – Juliane Louise of East Frisia, Princess of East Frisia (d. 1715)
• November 26 – Michael Bernhard Valentini, German naturalist (d. 1729)
• November 26 – William Derham, English minister and writer (d. 1735)
• November 28 – Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias, Heir apparent to the Spanish throne (d. 1661)
• December 2 – Franz Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (d. 1702)
• December 8 – Changning (prince), Qing Dynasty prince (d. 1703)
• December 14 – Edmund Dunch (Whig), English politician (d. 1719)
• December 15 – Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons, Count of Soissons and Prince of Savoy (d. 1702)
• December 15 – Michel Richard Delalande, French composer (d. 1726)
• December 23 – Josiah Franklin, English-born businessman, father of Benjamin Franklin (d. 1745)
• December 23 – Hannah Duston, Massachusetts Puritan mother of eight taken captive during King William's War (d. 1736)
• December 28 – Domenico Rossi, architect (d. 1737)
• date unknown
  • Clopton Havers, English physiologist (d. 1702)
  • William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1737)

Deaths

• March – Edward Hopkins, politician (b. 1600)
• March 7 – Hayashi Razan, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (b. 1583)
• April 2 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1608)
• May 9 – William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth Colony (b. 1590)
• May 10 – Gustav Horn, Count of Pori, Swedish soldier and politician (b. 1592)
• May 16 – Andrzej Bobola, Polish Jesuit missionary (b. 1591)
• June 3 – William Harvey, English physician (b. 1578)
• August 6 – Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ukrainian Cossack Hetman (b. c. 1595)
• August 14 – Giovanni Paolo Lascaris, 57th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1560)
• August 17 – Robert Blake, British admiral (b. 1599)
• August 29 – John Lilburne, English dissenter (b. c. 1614)
• September 7 – Arvid Wittenberg, Swedish field marshal and statesman (b. 1606)
• September 13 – Jacob van Campen, Dutch artist (b. 1596)
• Date unknown
  • Willem Ysbrandtsz Bontekoe, Dutch sea captain (b. 1587)
  • Richard Lovelace, English poet (b. 1617)

References

1. "1657". British Civil Wars. Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638-60. 2010-06-07. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
2. Morrill, John (2004). "Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6765. Retrieved 2012-02-17. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
3. Blusse, Leonard; Vaillé, Cynthia (2005). The Deshima Dagregisters, Volume XII 1650-1660. Leiden.
4. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 267–268. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
5. "Chocolate Arrives in England". Cadbury. Archived from the original on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 2012-02-17.