1950 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1950.
Events
Albums released
No. 1 hit singles
These singles reached the top of Billboard magazine's charts in 1950.
First week | Number of weeks | Title | Artist |
January 7, 1950 | 1 | "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" | Gene Autry |
January 14, 1950 | 4 | "I Can Dream, Can't I?" | The Andrews Sisters |
February 11, 1950 | 1 | "Rag Mop" | The Ames Brothers |
February 18, 1950 | 4 | "Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy" | Red Foley |
March 18, 1950 | 4 | "Music! Music! Music!" | Teresa Brewer |
April 15, 1950 | 2 | "If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked a Cake" | Eileen Barton |
April 29, 1950 | 11 | "The Third Man Theme" | Anton Karas |
July 15, 1950 | 5 | "Mona Lisa" | Nat King Cole |
August 19, 1950 | 13 | "Goodnight, Irene" | Gordon Jenkins & The Weavers |
November 18, 1950 | 2 | "Harbor Lights" | Sammy Kaye |
December 2, 1950 | 4 | "The Thing" | Phil Harris |
December 30, 1950 | 9 | "The Tennessee Waltz" | Patti Page |
Biggest hit singles
The following songs achieved the highest chart positions
in the limited set of charts available for 1950.
# |
Artist |
Title |
Year |
Country |
Chart entries |
1 | Nat King Cole | Mona Lisa | 1950 | | US 1940s 1 – Jun 1950, US 1 for 5 weeks Jul 1950, Oscar in 1950, US BB 2 of 1950, RYM 2 of 1950, POP 2 of 1950, DDD 4 of 1950, Italy 48 of 1951, RIAA 109, Acclaimed 1292 |
2 | Patti Page | Tennessee Waltz | 1950 | | US 1940s 1 – Nov 1950, US 1 for 9 weeks Dec 1950, US BB 4 of 1950, DDD 5 of 1950, Global 7 (10 M sold) – 1950, POP 7 of 1950, RYM 77 of 1951, RIAA 198, Acclaimed 1447 |
3 | Phil Harris | The Thing | 1950 | | US 1940s 1 – Nov 1950, US 1 for 4 weeks Dec 1950, Peel list 1 of 1950, US BB 12 of 1950, POP 12 of 1950, RYM 108 of 1950 |
4 | Red Foley | Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy | 1950 | | US 1940s 1 – Jan 1950, US 1 for 4 weeks Feb 1950, DDD 17 of 1950, US BB 18 of 1950, POP 25 of 1950, RYM 117 of 1950 |
5 | Teresa Brewer | Music! Music! Music! | 1950 | | US 1940s 1 – Feb 1950, US 1 for 4 weeks Mar 1950, US BB 3 of 1950, POP 3 of 1950 |
Top hit records
- "A-Razz-A-Ma-Tazz" – Georgia Gibbs
- "All My Love (Bolero)" – Patti Page
- "Anema e core" - Tito Schipa
- "Are You Lonesome Tonight?" – Al Jolson
- "Ballin' The Jack", recorded by
- "Be My Love" – Mario Lanza
- "Bewitched" – Doris Day
- "Black Lace" – Frankie Laine
- "Boo-Hoo" – Guy Lombardo & The Lombardo Trio
- "A Bushel And A Peck" – Perry Como & Betty Hutton
- "Can Anyone Explain? (No, No, No!)" – The Ames Brothers
- "Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy" – Red Foley
- "Cry Of The Wild Goose" – Frankie Laine
- "Daddy's Little Girl" – The Mills Brothers
- "Dear, Dear, Dear" – Frankie Laine
- "Domino" - André Claveau
- "Dream a Little Dream of Me" – Frankie Laine
- "A Dreamer's Holiday" – Buddy Clark & The Girlfriends
- "El rancho 'e la Cambicha" - Antonio Tormo
- "Enjoy Yourself" – Guy Lombardo (Kenny Gardner & The Lombardo Trio vocals)
- "Goodnight, Irene" – The Weavers
- "Harbor Lights" – Sammy Kaye
- "Here Comes Santa Claus" – Andrews Sisters
- "Hymne à l'amour (Hymn To Love)" – Édith Piaf
- "I Can Dream, Can't I?" – The Andrews Sisters
- "I Love You For That" – Patti Page & Frankie Laine
- "I Wanna Be Loved" – The Andrews Sisters
- "If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked a Cake" – Eileen Barton
- "I'm Movin' On" – Hank Snow
- "It Isn't Fair" – Sammy Kaye (Don Cornell vocal)
- "Let's Go West Again" – Al Jolson
- "A Man Gets Awfully Lonesome" – Frankie Laine
- "Mona Lisa" – Nat King Cole
- "Music, Maestro, Please" – Frankie Laine
- "Music! Music! Music!" – Teresa Brewer
- "My Foolish Heart, recorded by
- "My Heart Cries For You" – Guy Mitchell
- "Nevertheless" – The Mills Brothers
- "No Other Love" – Jo Stafford
- "The Old Piano Roll Blues" Al Jolson & The Andrews Sisters
- "Patricia" – Perry Como
- "Peter Cottontail" – Gene Autry
- "Play A Simple Melody" – Gary Crosby & Friend (Bing Crosby)
- "Rag Mop" – The Ames Brothers
- "Red Hot Mama" – Georgia Gibbs
- "The Roving Kind" – Guy Mitchell
- "Sentimental Me" – The Ames Brothers
- "Sleepy Ol' River" – Frankie Laine
- "Someday", recorded by
- "Sometime" – The Mariners
- "Stars & Stripes Forever" – Frankie Laine
- "Swingin' In A Hammock" – Guy Lombardo (Don Rodney & The Lombardo Trio vocals)
- "The Tennessee Waltz" – Patti Page
- "There's No Tomorrow" – Tony Martin
- "The Thing" – Phil Harris
- "Thinking of You" – Don Cherry
- "The Third Man Theme", recorded by
- "With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming" – Patti Page
Top R&B hits on record
- "Double Crossin' Blues" – Johnny Otis with Little Esther & the Robins
Published popular music
- "Adelaide's Lament" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "African Bolero" m. John Serry, Sr.
- "American Beauty Rose" w.m. Hal David, Redd Evans & Arthur Altman
- "Be My Love" w. Sammy Cahn m. Nicholas Brodszky
- "The Best Thing For You" w.m. Irving Berlin
- "Blind Date" w.m. Sid Robin
- "A Bushel And A Peck" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Candy And Cake" w.m. Bob Merrill
- "Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy" w.m. Harry Stone & Jack Stapp
- "Choo'n Gum" w. Mann Curtis m. Vic Mizzy
- "Cold, Cold Heart" w.m. Hank Williams
- "The Cry of the Wild Goose" w.m. Terry Gilkyson
- "Dearie" w.m. Bob Hilliard & David Mann
- "Domino" w. (Eng) Don Raye (Fr) Jacques Plante m. Louis Ferrari
- "Freight Train" w. Paul James & Fred Williams m. trad arr. Elizabeth Cotton
- "The French Can-Can Polka" w. Jimmy Kennedy m. Jacques Offenbach
- "From This Moment On" w.m. Cole Porter
- "Frosty the Snowman" w.m. Steve Nelson & Jack Rollins
- "Fugue For Tinhorns" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Get Out Those Old Records" w.m. Carmen Lombardo & John Jacob Loeb
- "Gone Fishin'" w.m. Nick Kenny & Charles Kenny
- "Guys and Dolls" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Home Cookin"' w.m. Jay Livingston & Ray Evans
- "Hoop-Dee-Doo" w. Frank Loesser m. Milton De Lugg
- "The Hostess With The Mostes' On The Ball" w.m. Irving Berlin. Introduced by Ethel Merman in the musical Call Me Madam
- "I Almost Lost My Mind" w.m. Ivory Joe Hunter
- "I Didn't Slip, I Wasn't Pushed, I Fell" w.m. Edward Pola & George Wyle
- "I Don't Care If The Sun Don't Shine" w.m. Mack David
- "I Leave My Heart in an English Garden" w.m. Harry Parr-Davies and Christopher Hassall from the musical Dear Miss Phoebe
- "I Tawt I Taw a Puddy Tat" w.m. Alan Livingston, Billy May & Warren Foster
- "If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked A Cake" w.m. Al Hoffman, Bob Merrill & Clem Watts
- "If I Were A Bell" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "I'll Know" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "I'll Never Be Free" w.m. Bennie Benjamin & George David Weiss
- "I'm Movin' On" w.m. Hank Snow
- "It Is No Secret" w.m. Stuart Hamblen
- "It's A Lovely Day Today" w.m. Irving Berlin
- "I've Never Been In Love Before" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Ivory Rag" Lou Busch, Jack Elliott
- "La Culebra" m. John Serry, Sr.
- "Little White Duck" w.m. Walt Barrows & Bernard Zaritsky
- "The Loveliest Night Of The Year" w. Paul Francis Webster m. Juventino P. Rosas
- "Luck Be a Lady" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Lucky Lucky Lucky Me" Berle, Arnold
- "Marry The Man Today" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Marrying For Love" w.m. Irving Berlin
- "More I Cannot Wish You" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "My Heart Cries For You" w.m. Carl Sigman & Percy Faith
- "My Time Of Day" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "No Other Love" adapt from Chopin's Etude No 3 in E, Opus 10. w.m. Bob Russell & Paul Weston
- "The Old Piano Roll Blues" w.m. Cy Coben
- "The Oldest Established" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Orange Colored Sky" w.m. Milton De Lugg & William Stein
- "Patricia" w.m. Benny Davis
- "Remember Me (I'm The One Who Loves You)" w.m. Stuart Hamblen
- "The Roving Kind" adapt. w.m. Jessie Cavanaugh & Arnold Stanton
- "Sam's Song" w. Jack Elliott m. Lew Quadling
- "Shot Gun Boogie" w.m. Tennessee Ernie Ford
- "Silver Bells" w.m. Jay Livingston & Ray Evans. Introduced by Bob Hope in the 1951 Musical film The Lemon Drop Kid.
- "Sit Down, You're Rockin' The Boat" w.m. Frank Loesser. Introduced by Stubby Kaye in the musical Guys and Dolls.
- "Sixty Minute Man" w.m. Billy Ward & Rose Marks
- "Sleigh Ride" w. Mitchell Parish m. Leroy Anderson
- "Sue Me" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "The Syncopated Clock" w. Mitchell Parish m. Leroy Anderson
- "Take Back Your Mink" w.m. Frank Loesser. Introduced by Vivian Blaine in the musical Guys and Dolls.
- "The Thing" w.m. Charles R. Grean
- "Tzena, Tzena, Tzena" adapt. trad Hebrew w. (Eng) Mitchell Parish m. Issachar Miron (Stefan Michrovsky) & Julius Grossman
- "You Don't Have To Be A Baby To Cry" w.m. Bob Merrill & Terry Shand
- "You're Just In Love" w.m. Irving Berlin
Classical music
Premieres
Sortable table
Composer | Composition | Date | Location | Performers |
Andriessen, Hendrik | Organ Concerto | 1950-11-01 | Amsterdam | Concertgebouw Orchestra – Monteux [7] |
Boulez, Pierre | Le Soleil des eaux (2nd version, subsequently withdrawn) | 1950-07-18 | Paris | Joachim, Mollet, Peyron / RTF National Orchestra – Désormière [8] |
Boulez, Pierre | Piano Sonata No. 2 (1948) | 1950-04-29 | Paris | Grimaud [9] |
Cage, John | String Quartet in Four Parts | 1950-08-12 | Black Mountain, NC | Summer Session Quartet [10] |
Guridi, Jesús | String Quartet No. 2 | 1950-05-14 | Madrid | National Chamber Music Association [11] |
Hartmann, Karl Amadeus | Adagio (Symphony No. 2) | 1950-09-10 | Donaueschingen (Musiktage) | SWF Symphony – Rosbaud [12] |
Howells, Herbert | Hymnus Paradisi (1938) | 1950-09-07 | Gloucester (Three Choirs Festival) | Baillie, William Herbert / London Symphony – Howells [13][14] |
Jolivet, André | Concerto for Flute and Strings | 1950-01-24 | Paris | Rampla / [unknown orchestra and conductor] [15] |
Khachaturian, Aram | Triumphal Poem | 1950-12-09 | Moscow | USSR Radio Symphony – Gauk [16] |
Martinu, Bohuslav | Intermezzo for Large Orchestra | 1950-12-29 | New York City | Louisville Orchestra – Whitney [17][18] |
Martinu, Bohuslav | Piano Trio No. 2 | 1950-05-19 | Cambridge, MA | Liepmann, Finckel, Tucker [19] |
Martinu, Bohuslav | Sinfonietta La Jolla | 1950-08-13 | San Diego, CA | Orchestra of the Musical Arts Society of La Jolla – Sokoloff [20] |
Nono, Luigi | Variazioni canoniche sulla serie dell'op. 41 di Schoenberg | 1950-08-27 | Darmstadt (Ferienkurse) | Darmstadt Landestheater Orchestra – Scherchen [21] |
Prokofiev, Sergei | Cello Sonata (1949) | 1950-03-01 | Moscow | Rostropovich, Richter [22] |
Searle, Humphrey | Poem for 22 Strings | 1950-08-27 | Darmstadt (Ferienkurse) | Darmstadt Landestheater Orchestra – Scherchen [23] |
Strauss, Richard | Four Last Songs (1948) | 1950-05-22 | London | Flagstad / Philharmonia Orchestra – Furtwängler [24] |
Villa-Lobos, Heitor | Montanhas de Brasil (Symphony No. 6) (1944) | 1950-04-29 | Rio de Janeiro | Rio de Janeiro Municipal Theatre Symphony – Villa-Lobos [25] |
Compositions
- Hendrik Andriessen – Concerto for Organ and Orchestra
- Malcolm Arnold – English Dances for orchestra, op. 27
- Alexander Arutiunian – Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra
- Arno Babadjanian – Heroic Ballade
- Ernest Bloch – Suite hébraïque
- Karl-Birger Blomdahl – Symphony No. 3 Facetter
- Pierre Boulez –
- Polyphonie X
- Le soleil des eaux, for soprano, chorus and orchestra (second version)
- John Cage – String Quartet in Four Parts
- Jani Christou – First Symphony
- Arnold Cooke – Trio for Violin, Viola and Cello
- George Crumb – A Cycle of Greek Lyrics for voice and piano
- Jesús Guridi – String Quartet in A minor
- Eivind Groven
- Hjalarljod Overture, Op. 38
- Piano Concerto, Op. 39a
- Karl Amadeus Hartmann – Symphony No. 5 Symphonie Concertante
- Hans Henkemans – Concerto for Violin and Orchestra
- Ernst Krenek – Suite for String Trio Parvula Corona Musicalis
- Bohuslav Martinů –
- Concerto No. 2 for two violins and orchestra
- Duo No. 2, for Violin and Viola
- Intermezzo for Large Orchestra
- Sinfonietta La Jolla, in A major, for piano and chamber orchestra
- Trio No. 2, for violin, cello, and piano, in D minor
- Luigi Nono – Variazioni canoniche sulla serie dell’op.41 di A. Schönberg, for chamber orchestra
- Vincent Persichetti – Divertimento for Band
- Allan Pettersson – First Concerto for Strings
- Walter Piston – Symphony No.4
- Arnold Schoenberg –
- Psalm 130 "De profundis", op. 50b
- Modern Psalm, op. 50c (unfinished)
- Style and Idea (collection of essays and other works, translated by Dika Newlin)
- Humphrey Searle – Poem for 22 Strings
- John Serry, Sr. – Eight Accordion Quartet Arrangements
- Karlheinz Stockhausen –
- Choral ("Wer uns trug mit Schmerzen in dies Leben"), for a cappella choir, Nr. 1/9 (1950)
- Chöre für Doris, for a cappella choir, Nr. 1/11 (1950)
- Drei Lieder, for alto voice and chamber orchestra, Nr. 1/10 (1950)
- Heitor Villa-Lobos – String Quartet No. 12
Opera
Musical theatre
- Annie Get Your Gun starring Betty Hutton, Howard Keel, Louis Calhern and Keenan Wynn.
- Bhai Bahen, starring Geeta Bali and Bharat Bhushan.
- Cinderella, animated film featuring the voice of Ilene Woods and Verna Felton.
- Come Dance with Me featuring Anne Shelton and Anton Karas
- Fancy Pants starring Bob Hope and Lucille Ball
- I'll Get By starring June Haver, Gloria DeHaven and Dennis Day, and featuring Harry James.
- Mr. Music starring Bing Crosby and featuring Peggy Lee, Groucho Marx and Dorothy Kirsten.
- Pagan Love Song starring Esther Williams and Howard Keel
- Singing Guns released February 28 starring Vaughn Monroe, Ella Raines, Walter Brennan and Ward Bond
- There's a Girl in My Heart starring Lee Bowman, Elyse Knox, Gloria Jean and Peggy Ryan
- Three Little Words starring Fred Astaire, Red Skelton and Vera Ellen, and featuring Helen Kane dubbing for Debbie Reynolds.
- The Toast of New Orleans starring Kathryn Grayson and Mario Lanza
- Two Weeks With Love starring Jane Powell, Ricardo Montalban, Louis Calhern, Debbie Reynolds and Carleton Carpenter.
- The West Point Story starring James Cagney, Virginia Mayo, Doris Day and Gordon MacRae
Births
January – February
- January 1
- January 3 - Beth Anderson, American composer
- January 5 – Chris Stein, guitarist and co-founder of Blondie
- January 9 – David Johansen (New York Dolls)
- January 21 – Billy Ocean, singer
- January 23
- January 26 – Paul Pena, singer, songwriter and guitarist (died 2005)
- January 28 – Bob Hay, American singer-songwriter
- January 29 – Max Carl, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and keyboard player
- February 1 – Mike Campbell, American guitarist, songwriter and producer (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and Mudcrutch)
- February 2 – Ross Valory, American rock bass player (Journey and The Storm)
- February 3 – John Schlitt, American Christian rock singer (Petra and Head East)
- February 6 – Natalie Cole, African American singer, daughter of Nat King Cole (died 2015)
- February 12 – Steve Hackett, guitarist and composer (Genesis)
- February 13 – Peter Gabriel, singer and composer
- February 14 – Roger Fisher, American guitarist (Heart and Alias)
- February 14 – David Brown, bass guitarist (Santana) (d. 2000)
- February 19 – Andy Powell (Wishbone Ash)
- February 20 – Walter Becker, musician, songwriter and record producer (Steely Dan)
- February 23 – Steve Priest, guitarist and vocalist (Sweet)
- February 26 – Jonathan Cain, rock musician (Journey)
March – April
- March 2 – Karen Carpenter, singer (died 1983)
- March 11 – Katia Labèque, pianist
- March 20 – Carl Palmer, drummer (Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Asia)
- March 21 – Roger Hodgson (Supertramp)
- March 22 - David Golub, pianist and conductor (died 2000)
- March 26 – Teddy Pendergrass, singer (died 2010)
- March 27 – Tony Banks (Genesis)
- April 5 – Agnetha Fältskog, singer (ABBA)
- April 12 – David Cassidy, singer
- April 22 – Peter Frampton, singer
- April 24 – Rob Hyman (The Hooters)
- April 25 – Steve Ferrone (Average White Band)
May – June
July – August
September – October
November – December
- November 1 – Dan Peek (America)
- November 11 – Jim Peterik (Ides of March, Survivor)
- November 12 – Barbara Fairchild, American singer-songwriter
- November 18
- November 20 - Gary Green (Gentle Giant)
- November 21
- November 22
- December 1 – Richard Keith [birth name Keith Thibodeaux], American drummer and actor
- December 5 – Camarón de la Isla, flamenco singer
- December 6 – Joe Hisaishi, Japanese composer and director
- December 8 – Dan Hartman, singer-songwriter (died 1994)
- December 9 – Joan Armatrading, singer-songwriter
- December 20 – Arturo Márquez, composer
- December 25 – Rockdrigo González, folk & rock singer-songwriter (died in earthquake 1985)
- December 28 – Alex Chilton (Box Tops, Big Star) (died 2010)
Deaths
- January 28 – Kansas Joe McCoy, blues musician and songwriter (born 1905)
- February 10 – Armen Tigranian, Armenian composer (born 1879)
- February 26 – Sir Harry Lauder, Scottish singer, comedian and songwriter
- February 28 – Ernst Abert Couturier, cornet virtuoso, composer, inventor and instrument manufacturer (born 1869)
- March – Kate Carney, English singer and comedian (born 1869)
- March 8 – Jaroslav Kocián, violinist, composer and teacher (born 1883)
- April 2 - Adolf Wiklund, Swedish composer (born 1879)
- April 3 – Kurt Weill, composer in many styles (born 1900)
- April 8 – Vaslav Nijinsky, ballet dancer
- April 23 – Gemma Bellincioni, operatic soprano (born 1864)
- May 7 – Bertha "Chippie" Hill, blues singer and vaudeville performer (born 1905)
- May 13 – Pauline de Ahna, operatic soprano (born 1863)
- June 9 – Joe Burke, pianist and composer (born 1884)
- June 26 – Antonina Nezhdanova, coloratura soprano (born 1873)
- July 1 – Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, developer of eurhythmics
- July 7 – Fats Navarro, jazz musician (born 1923)
- July 11 – Buddy DeSylva, songwriter (born 1895)
- July 21 – Al Hoffman, songwriter
- July 26 – Papa Charlie McCoy, blues musician
- July 30 – Guilhermina Suggia, cellist
- August 3 – Georg Høeberg, composer and conductor (born 1872)
- August 8 – Nikolai Myaskovsky, Soviet composer and teacher of Polish birth (born 1881)
- August 26 – Giuseppe De Luca, operatic baritone
- September 5 – Al Killian, trumpeter and bandleader (born 1916)
- October 11 – Emil Votoček, chemist, composer and music theorist (born 1862)
- October 15 – Clément Doucet, pianist
- October 23 – Al Jolson, singer and actor
- October 26 - Evelyn Suart, English pianist (born 1881)
- November 20 – Francesco Cilea, opera composer (born 1866)
- November 23 - Percival Mackey, English pianist, composer and bandleader (born 1894)
- December 2 - Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist and composer (born 1917; Hodgkin's disease)[26]
- December 9 – Georg Hann, operatic bass-baritone (born 1897)
- December 22 – Julius Weismann, German composer and conductor (born 1879)
- December 26 – Ben Black, songwriter and impresario (born 1889)
- December 31 – Charles Koechlin, composer and teacher (born 1867)
- date unknown
Notes
- ↑ Anon., "Columbia Records Acquires Casals", The New York Times (14 March): 21.
- ↑ Anon., "Composer Wins Music Contest", The New York Times (30 August): 27.
- ↑ "Hymnus Paradisi". The Musical Times (Musical Times Publications Ltd) 91 (1291): 352–353. September 1950. doi:10.2307/935574. JSTOR 935574.
- ↑ Howard Taubman, "Gulda Impresses in Piano Program: 20-Year-Old Austrian Artist Shows Great Musical Gifts in Recital at Carnegie Hall", The New York Times (12 October): 51.
- ↑ Anon., "Soprano Winds Steber Award". The New York Times (4 November): 13.
- ↑ Ronald Crichton, "Sargent, Sir (Harold) Malcolm (Watts)", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).
- ↑ Bruno Klassiek
- ↑ IRCAM
- ↑ Encyclopedia Universalis
- ↑ Black Mountain Studies Journal
- ↑ Doce Notas
- ↑ Schott Music
- ↑ Naxos
- ↑ Thesis by Martin John Ward for the University of Birmingham, p.75
- ↑ IRCAM
- ↑ Le Chant du Monde
- ↑ Naxos Records
- ↑ Louisville Orchestra
- ↑ Classics Online
- ↑ Boosey & Hawkes
- ↑ Fondazione Onlus
- ↑ Classical Connect
- ↑ Darmstädter Ferienkurse, 1946-1966
- ↑ Musicweb International
- ↑ Historia de la sinfonía
- ↑ Prince of Pianists | Lipatti | Classical Music | Mark Ainley