1984 Tour de France

1984 Tour de France
Race details
Dates 29 June–22 July 1984
Stages 23+Prologue
Distance 4,020.9 km (2,498 mi)
Winning time 112h 03' 40" (34.906 km/h or 21.690 mph)
Palmares
Winner  Laurent Fignon (France) (Renault)
Second  Bernard Hinault (France) (La Vie Claire)
Third  Greg LeMond (United States) (Renault)
Points  Frank Hoste (Belgium) (Europ Decor)
Mountains  Robert Millar (United Kingdom) (Peugeot)
Youth  Greg LeMond (United States) (Renault)
Sprints  Jacques Hanegraaf (Netherlands) (Kwantum Hallen)
Team Renault
Team Points Panasonic

The 1984 Tour de France was the 71st Tour de France, run over 4020.9 km in 23 stages and a prologue, from 29 June to 22 July 1984.[1]

The race was dominated by the Renault team, who won the team classification and ten stages:[2] Renault's French rider Laurent Fignon won his second consecutive Tour, beating former teammate Bernard Hinault by over 10 minutes. Hinault was pursuing his fifth Tour victory after having sat out the 1983 Tour because of injuries. Also that year, Fignon's team-mate Greg LeMond became the first American rider to finish in the top three and stand on the podium, and he also took the debutant classification. Belgian cyclist Frank Hoste won the points classification, and British Robert Millar won the mountains classification. The race consisted of 23 stages, totaling 4,020 kilometers (2,500 mi).

Differences from the 1983 Tour de France

Before the 1984 Tour, the Intermediate sprints classification did not have a jersey. In the 1984 Tour, the organizers gave the leader of the classification a red jersey to wear.[3]

For the first time, the Société du Tour de France organized the Tour de France Féminin, a version for women.[notes 1] It was run in the same weeks as the male version, and won by Marianne Martin.[4]

Participants

There was room for 18 teams in the 1984 Tour de France; in early 1984, there were 17 candidate teams. Although the Tour organisation approached AVP-Viditel and Metauromobili, an 18th team was not added.[5] The 1984 Tour started with 170 cyclists, divided into 17 teams of 10 cyclists:[3]

Race details

The 1984 Tour de France was a battle between reigning champion Fignon and his former team captain Hinault. Questions had been raised about the strength of Fignon's 1983 win due to Hinault's absence and Pascal Simon's withdrawal after breaking his shoulder whilst wearing the yellow jersey.[2] Hinault won the prologue, but Fignon won back time when his team won the team time trial in stage three.[6] After a large escape in the fifth stage, Fignon's team mate Vincent Barteau was leading the race. In the seventh stage, Fignon won the time trial, beating Hinault by 49 seconds.[7] Barteau was still leading the race, and remained the leader after the Pyrenées. In the sixteenth stage, Fignon again beat Hinault in a time trial, this time winning 33 seconds.[8] In the seventeenth stage, Hinault attacked five times on the penultimate climb, but every time Fignon was able to get back. Then, Fignon left Hinault behind, and won almost three more minutes on Hinault. Barteau was so far behind in this stage, that Fignon became the new leader.[9] Fignon won three more stages, for a total of five that year, and won the Tour with a ten-minute margin. With his air of indifference in interviews and his crushing dominance, he was hailed as France's newest superstar.

Stages

The 1984 Tour de France started on 29 June, and had one rest day, in Grenoble.[10]

Stage results[3][11]
Stage Date Route Terrain Length Winner
P 29 June Montreuil – Noisy-le-Sec Individual time trial 5 km (3.1 mi)  Bernard Hinault (FRA)
1 30 June Bondy – Saint-Denis Plain stage 149 km (93 mi)  Frank Hoste (BEL)
2 1 July Bobigny – Louvroil Plain stage 249 km (155 mi)  Marc Madiot (FRA)
3 2 July Louvroil – Valenciennes Team time trial 51 km (32 mi) Renault
4 2 July Valenciennes – Béthune Plain stage 83 km (52 mi)  Ferdi Van Den Haute (BEL)
5 3 July Béthune – Cergy-Pontoise Plain stage 207 km (129 mi)  Paulo Ferreira (POR)
6 4 July Cergy- Pontoise – Alençon Plain stage 202 km (126 mi)  Frank Hoste (BEL)
7 5 July Alençon – Le Mans Individual time trial 67 km (42 mi)  Laurent Fignon (FRA)
8 6 July Le Mans – Nantes Plain stage 192 km (119 mi)  Pascal Jules (FRA)
9 7 July Nantes – Bordeaux Plain stage 338 km (210 mi)  Jan Raas (NED)
10 8 July Langon – Pau Plain stage 198 km (123 mi)  Eric Vanderaerden (BEL)
11 9 July Pau – Guzet-Neige Stage with mountain(s) 227 km (141 mi)  Robert Millar (GBR)
12 10 July Saint-Girons – Blagnac Plain stage 111 km (69 mi)  Pascal Poisson (FRA)
13 11 July Blagnac – Rodez Plain stage 220 km (140 mi)  Pierre-Henri Menthéour (FRA)
14 12 July Rodez – Domaine du Rouret Hilly stage 228 km (142 mi)  Fons De Wolf (BEL)
15 13 July Domaine du Rouret – Grenoble Hilly stage 241 km (150 mi)  Frédéric Vichot (FRA)
16 15 July Les Échelles – La Ruchère-en-Chartreuse Individual time trial 22 km (14 mi)  Laurent Fignon (FRA)
17 16 July Grenoble – Alpe d'Huez Stage with mountain(s) 151 km (94 mi)  Luis Herrera (COL)
18 17 July Le Bourg-d'Oisans – La Plagne Stage with mountain(s) 185 km (115 mi)  Laurent Fignon (FRA)
19 18 July La Plagne – Morzine Stage with mountain(s) 186 km (116 mi)  Ángel Arroyo (ESP)
20 19 July Morzine – Crans-Montana Stage with mountain(s) 141 km (88 mi)  Laurent Fignon (FRA)
21 20 July Crans-Montana – Villefranche-en-Beaujolais Hilly stage 320 km (200 mi)  Frank Hoste (BEL)
22 21 July Villié-Morgon – Villefranche-en-Beaujolais Individual time trial 51 km (32 mi)  Laurent Fignon (FRA)
23 22 July Pantin – Paris (Champs-Élysées) Hilly stage 197 km (122 mi)  Eric Vanderaerden (BEL)

Results

There were several classifications in the 1984 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[12]

Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[12]

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorized some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[12]

There was also a combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications, its leader wore the combination jersey.[13]

Another classification was the debutant classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders that rode the Tour for the first time were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.[12]

The sixth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey.[14]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that lead this classification wore yellow caps.[15] There was also a team points classification. After each stage, the stage rankings of the best three cyclists per team were added, and the team with the least total lead this classification, and were identified by green caps.[13]

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[3]
Rank Name Team Time
1  Laurent Fignon (FRA) Renault-Elf 112h 03' 40"
2  Bernard Hinault (FRA) La Vie Claire-Terraillon +10' 32"
3  Greg LeMond (USA) Renault-Elf +11' 46"
4  Robert Millar (GBR) Peugeot +14' 42"
5  Sean Kelly (IRE) Skil-Reydel-Sem +16' 35"
6  Ángel Arroyo (ESP) Reynolds-Papel Aluminio +19' 22"
7  Pascal Simon (FRA) Peugeot +21' 17"
8  Pedro Muñoz (ESP) Teka +26' 17"
9  Claude Criquielion (BEL) Splendor-Mondial-Moquettes +29' 12"
10  Phil Anderson (AUS) Panasonic-Raleigh +29' 16"

Points classification

Final points classification (1–5)[16]
Rank Name Team Points
1  Frank Hoste (BEL) Boule d'Or-Europ Decor-Eddy Merckx 322
2  Sean Kelly (IRE) Skil-Reydel-Sem 318
3  Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) Panasonic-Raleigh 247
4  Leo van Vliet (NED) Kwantum 173
5  Bernard Hinault (FRA) La Vie Claire-Terraillon 146

Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–5)[16]
Rank Name Team Points
1  Robert Millar (GBR) Peugeot 284
2  Laurent Fignon (FRA) Renault-Elf 212
3  Ángel Arroyo (ESP) Reynolds-Papel Aluminio 140
4  Luis Alberto Herrera (COL) Varta 108
5  José Patrocinio Jiménez (COL) Teka 92

Team classification

Final team classification (1–5)[16]
Rank Team Time
1Renault336h 31' 16"
2Skil+46' 44"
3Reynolds+57' 58"
4Peugeot+1h 01' 57"
5La Vie Claire+1h 15' 59"

Team points classification

Final team points classification (1–3)[16]
Rank Team Points
1Panasonic1159
2Renault1318
3Peugeot1322

Debutant classification

Debutant classification (1–5)[17]
Rank Name Team Time
1  Greg LeMond (USA) Renault-Elf 112h 15' 26"
2  Pedro Muñoz (ESP) Teka +14' 31"
3  Niki Rüttimann (SUI) La Vie Claire-Terraillon +19' 12"
4  Rafaël Antonio Acevedo (COL) Varta +21' 46"
5  José Antonio Agudelo (COL) Varta +37' 39"

Intermediate sprints classification

Intermediate sprints classification (1–3)[16]
Rank Name Team Points
1  Jacques Hanegraaf (NED) Kwantum 155
2  Bernard Hinault (FRA) La Vie Claire-Terraillon 52
3  Laurent Fignon (FRA) Renault-Elf 51

Notes

  1. ↑ A race for female cyclists similar to the male Tour de France had been organized in 1955, but it was not official.

References

General
Specific
  1. ↑ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-09. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  2. 1 2 Cossins, Peter (22 July 2014). "Renault: The best Tour de France team ever?". cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "71ème Tour de France 1984" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  4. ↑ "Tour de France féminin" (in French). Memoire du Cyclisme. 23 November 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  5. ↑ "Zeventien formaties kandidaat voor Tour". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch) (Koninklijke Bibliotheek). 26 January 1984. p. 21. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  6. ↑ McGann, p. 147
  7. ↑ McGann, p. 148
  8. ↑ McGann, p. 150
  9. ↑ McGann, p. 152
  10. ↑ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique, Part 4" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
  11. ↑ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 2009-06-10. Retrieved 15 Aug 2011.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Christian, Sarah (2 July 2009). "Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success". RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  13. 1 2 Mark, Eddy van der. "Tour Xtra: Other Classifications & Awards". Chippewa Valley Cycling Club. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  14. ↑ Mark, Eddy van der. "Tour Xtra: Intermediate Sprints Classification". Chippewa Valley Cycling Club. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  15. ↑ Chauner, David; Halstead, Michael (1990). The Tour de France Complete Book of Cycling. Villard. ISBN 0-679-72936-4. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 "Clasificaciones oficiales". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 24 July 1984. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  17. ↑ "Tour in cijfers". Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch) (Regionaal Archief Leiden). 23 July 1984. p. 14. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
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