1994 Tour de France

1994 Tour de France
Route of the 1994 Tour de France
Race details
Dates July 2 – July 24
Stages 21 + Prologue
Distance 3,978.7 km (2,472 mi)
Winning time 103h 38' 38" (37.831 km/h or 23.507 mph)
Palmares
Winner  Miguel Indurain (ESP) (Banesto)
Second  Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) (Gewiss–Ballan)
Third  Marco Pantani (ITA) (Carrera Jeans–Tassoni)
Points  Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB) (Team Polti–Vaporetto)
Mountains  Richard Virenque (FRA) (Festina–Lotus)
Youth  Marco Pantani (ITA) (Carrera Jeans–Tassoni)
Team Festina–Lotus

The 1994 Tour de France was the 81st edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began on July 2 with a 7.2 km (4.5 mi) prologue around the French city Lille. After 21 more days of racing, the Tour came to a close on the street of the Champs-Élysées. Twenty-one teams entered the race that was won by Miguel Indurain of the Banesto team.[1] Second and third respectively were the Latvian Piotr Ugrumov and the Italian rider, Marco Pantani.[2]

Miguel Indurain first captured the lead after the stage 9 individual time trial. Chris Boardman was the first rider to wear the race leader's yellow jersey after winning the opening prologue. Boardman lost the lead to Johan Museeuw after Museeuw's GB–MG Maglificio team won the stage three team time trial. Flavio Vanzella took the lead away from Museeuw the next day as the Tour made its way into Great Britain. Vanzella lost the lead to Sean Yates after the race's sixth stage. Yates led the race for a single day before losing it to Museeuw after the conclusion of stage 7. Museeuw lost the lead to Indurain after the stage 9 individual time trial, who then successfully defended the lead through the Alps and Pyrenees and to the Tour's finish in Paris.

Indurain became the third rider to win four consecutive Tours de France. In the race's other classifications, Team Polti–Vaporetto rider Djamolidine Abdoujaparov won the points classification, Richard Virenque of the Festina–Lotus team won the mountains classification, Carrera Jeans–Tassoni rider Marco Pantani won the youth classification for the best rider aged 26 or under in the general classification after having finished third overall, and Eros Poli of the Mercatone Uno–Medeghini team won the combativity classification. Festina-Lotus won the team classification, which ranked each of the twenty teams contesting the race by lowest cumulative time.

Teams

A total of 21 teams were invited to participate in the 1994 Tour de France. Fifteen teams were announced in May, based on their UCI ranking:[3]

Although the organisation had planned to give five additional wildcards in June, after the 1994 Giro d'Italia, it was decided to invite one extra team, and six wildcards were given to:[4]

The Jolly-team of Zenon Jaskula, who had finished in third place in the 1993 Tour de France, was not selected.[4]

Each team sent a squad of nine riders, so the Tour began with a peloton of 189 cyclists. Out of the 189 riders that started this edition of the Tour de France, a total of 117 riders made it to the finish in Paris.[5]

Route and stages

The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a short 7.2 km (4.5 mi) prologue that navigated around the French city of Lille. There were a total of six stages that held many high mountains, while there was only one hilly stage that contained climbs of lesser degree. Eleven of the stages were primarily flat stages. The official route contained four time trials, three of which were individual and one of which was a team event.[6]

There were two stages that began or ended outside France. Stage 4 began in the English port town of Dover and ended in Brighton. The fifth stage began and ended in the British city of Portsmouth.

Of the stages that contained mountains, four contained summit finishes: stage 11 to Hautacam, stage 12 to Luz Ardiden, stage 16 to Alpe d'Huez, and stage 17 to Val Thorens. The nineteenth stage, an individual time trial, had a summit finish to Avoriaz.

Stage Date Course[5][7] Distance Type Winner
P 2 July Lille 7.2 km (4.5 mi) Individual time trial  Chris Boardman (GBR)
1 3 July Lille to Armentières 234.0 km (145.4 mi) Plain stage  Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB)
2 4 July Roubaix to Boulogne-sur-Mer 203.5 km (126.4 mi) Plain stage  Jean-Paul van Poppel (NED)
3 5 July Calais to Eurotunnel 66.5 km (41.3 mi) Team time trial  GB–MG Maglificio (ITA)
4 6 July Dover (Great Britain) to Brighton (Great Britain) 204.5 km (127.1 mi) Plain stage  Francisco Cabello (ESP)
5 7 July Portsmouth (Great Britain) to Portsmouth (Great Britain) 187.0 km (116.2 mi) Plain stage  Nicola Minali (ITA)
6 8 July Cherbourg to Rennes 270.5 km (168.1 mi) Plain stage  Gianluca Bortolami (ITA)
7 9 July Rennes to Futuroscope 259.5 km (161.2 mi) Plain stage  Ján Svorada (CZE)
8 10 July Poitiers to Trélissac 218.5 km (135.8 mi) Plain stage  Bo Hamburger (DEN)
9 11 July Périgueux to Bergerac 64.0 km (39.8 mi) Individual time trial  Miguel Indurain (ESP)
10 12 July Bergerac to Cahors 160.5 km (99.7 mi) Plain stage  Jacky Durand (FRA)
11 13 July Cahors to Hautacam 263.5 km (163.7 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Luc Leblanc (FRA)
14 July Rest day
12 15 July Lourdes to Luz Ardiden 204.5 km (127.1 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Richard Virenque (FRA)
13 16 July Bagnères-de-Bigorre to Albi 223.0 km (138.6 mi) Plain stage  Bjarne Riis (DEN)
14 17 July Castres to Montpellier 202.0 km (125.5 mi) Plain stage  Rolf Sørensen (DEN)
15 18 July Montpellier to Carpentras 231.0 km (143.5 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Eros Poli (ITA)
16 19 July Valréas to Alpe d'Huez 224.5 km (139.5 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Roberto Conti (ITA)
17 20 July Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Val Thorens 149.0 km (92.6 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Nelson Rodriguez (COL)
18 21 July Moutiers to Cluses 174.5 km (108.4 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Piotr Ugrumov (LAT)
19 22 July Cluses to Avoriaz 47.5 km (29.5 mi) Individual time trial  Piotr Ugrumov (LAT)
20 23 July Morzine to Lac Saint-Point 208.5 km (129.6 mi) Hilly stage  Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB)
21 24 July Disneyland Paris to Paris (Champs-Élysées) 175.0 km (108.7 mi) Plain stage  Eddy Seigneur (FRA)

Race overview

A group of cyclists riding on a cloudy day.
The peloton riding through Great Britain during the Tour's fourth stage.

The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a brief 7.2 km (4.5 mi) prologue around the city of Lille.[8] Englishman Chris Boardman set a blistering pace on the course en route to winning the stage by fifteen seconds over the second-place finisher Miguel Indurain.[8] Stage 1 was a relatively flat stage that came down to a bunch sprint that was marred by a large crash.[8] As the riders were sprinting to the finish line, a policeman leaned out to take a photograph causing Wilfried Nelissen to slam on his brakes and crash into the policeman while also taking out Laurent Jalabert in the process.[8] Djamolidine Abdoujaparov ultimately won the stage while Jalabert and Nelissen were forced to drop out of the race due to the injuries they had sustained.[8]

Classification leadership

There were several classifications in the 1994 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[9]

Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[9]

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorized some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[9]

The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.[9]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.[10]

For the combativity classification, a jury gave points after each stage to the cyclists they considered most combative. The cyclist with the most votes in all stages lead the classification.

Classification leadership by stage
Stage Winner General classification
 Points classification
 Mountains classification
 Young rider classification Team classification
 Combativity award
P Chris Boardman Chris Boardman Chris Boardman not awarded Eddy Seigneur GAN
1 Djamolidine Abdoujaparov Djamolidine Abdoujaparov Jean-Paul van Poppel
2 Jean-Paul van Poppel Peter De Clercq
3 GB-MG Maglifico Johan Museeuw Lance Armstrong GB-MG Maglifico
4 Francisco Cabello Flavio Vanzella
5 Nicola Minali
6 Gianluca Bortolami Sean Yates Motorola
7 Ján Svorada Johan Museeuw
8 Bo Hamburger
9 Miguel Indurain Miguel Indurain Abraham Olano Mapei-Clas
10 Jacky Durand Castorama
11 Luc Leblanc Mapei-Clas
12 Richard Virenque Richard Virenque Richard Virenque Festina-Lotus
13 Bjarne Riis
14 Rolf Sørensen
15 Eros Poli
16 Roberto Conti
17 Nelson Rodríguez Serna
18 Piotr Ugrumov
19 Piotr Ugrumov Marco Pantani
20 Djamolidine Abdoujaparov
21 Eddy Seigneur
Final Miguel Indurain Djamolidine Abdoujaparov Richard Virenque Marco Pantani Festina-Lotus Eros Poli
Jersey wearers when one rider is leading two or more competitions
Other notes

Final standings

Legend
Yellow jersey Denotes the winner of the General classification[1] Polka dot jersey Denotes the winner of the Mountains classification[1]
Green jersey Denotes the winner of the Points classification[1]

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[5][11]
Rank Name Team Time
1  Miguel Indurain (ESP) Yellow jersey Banesto 103h 38' 38"
2  Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) Gewiss-Ballan +5' 39"
3  Marco Pantani (ITA) Carrera +7' 19"
4  Luc Leblanc (FRA) Festina +10' 03"
5  Richard Virenque (FRA) Polka dot jersey Festina +10' 10"
6  Roberto Conti (ITA) Lampre-Panaria +12' 29"
7  Alberto Elli (ITA) GB-MG +20' 17"
8  Alex Zülle (SUI) ONCE +20' 35"
9  Udo Bölts (GER) Telekom +25' 19"
10  Vladimir Poulnikov (UKR) Carrera +25' 28"

Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)[5][11]
Rank Name Team Points
1  Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB) Green jersey Polti 322
2  Silvio Martinello (ITA) Mercatone Uno 273
3  Ján Svorada (SVK) Lampre-Panaria 230
4  Gianluca Bortolami (ITA) Mapei-Clas 188
5  Miguel Indurain (ESP) Yellow jersey Banesto 132
6  Olaf Ludwig (GER) Telekom 122
7  Johan Museeuw (BEL) GB-MG 118
8  François Simon (FRA) Castorama 105
9  Luc Leblanc (FRA) Festina 103
10  Ángel Edo (ESP) Kelme-Avianca 102

Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–10)[5][11]
Rank Name Team Points
1  Richard Virenque (FRA) Polka dot jersey Festina 392
2  Marco Pantani (ITA) Carrera 243
3  Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) Gewiss-Ballan 219
4  Miguel Indurain (ESP) Yellow jersey Banesto 215
5  Peter De Clercq (BEL) Lotto-Vetta-Caloi 192
6  Luc Leblanc (FRA) Festina 176
7  Oscar Pelliccioli (ITA) Polti 151
8  Roberto Conti (ITA) Lampre-Panaria 147
9  Nelson Rodriguez (COL) ZG Mobili-Selle Italia 142
10  Udo Bölts (GER) Telekom 119

Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)[5][11]
Rank Team Time
1 Festina 311h 28' 53"
2 Gewiss-Ballan +42' 57"
3 Banesto +44' 38"
4 Mapei-Clas +48' 25"
5 Carrera +50' 55"
6 GB-MG +1h 06' 06"
7 ONCE +1h 20' 47"
8 Telekom +1h 51' 04"
9 Kelme-Avianca +1h 55' 47"
10 Castorama +2h 14' 58"

Young rider classification

Final young rider classification (1–5)[5][11]
Rank Name Team Time
1  Marco Pantani (ITA) Carrera 103h 45' 57"
2  Richard Virenque (FRA) Polka dot jersey Festina +2' 51"
3  Bo Hamburger (DEN) TVM +36' 25"
4  Beat Zberg (SUI) Carrera +49' 17"
5  Abraham Olano (ESP) Mapei-Clas +54' 10"

Combativity classification

Final combativity classification (1–3)[5]
Rank Name Team Points
1  Eros Poli (ITA) Mercatone Uno 34
2  Marco Pantani (ITA) Carrera 32
3  Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) Gewiss-Ballan 21

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Le Tour" [The Tour] (PDF) (in Spanish). El Mundo Deportivo. 25 July 1994. p. 12. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  2. ↑ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-09. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
  3. ↑ "Ploeg Priem nog niet zeker van de Tour". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). ANP. 18 May 1994. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  4. 1 2 "Tourdirecteur Leblanc geeft ploeg Jaskula rood licht". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 15 June 1994. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "81ème Tour de France 1994" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  6. ↑ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique, Part 5" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  7. ↑ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 2009-06-10. Retrieved 15 Aug 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Bill and Carol McGann. "1994 Tour de France". Bike Race Info. Dog Ear Publishing. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Christian, Sarah (2 July 2009). "Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success". RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  10. ↑ Chauner, David; Halstead, Michael (1990). The Tour de France Complete Book of Cycling. Villard. ISBN 0679729364. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Deblander, Bruno (25 July 1994). "Miguel Indurain va desormais au Tour par quatre chemins un tour sans peril, ce n'est pas la gloire Ugrumov n'a pas de regret" (in French). Le soir. pp. 19–23. Retrieved 12 May 2013.

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